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Enter BUCKINGHAM from his Arraignment; Tipstaves before him; the Axe with the Edge towards him; Halberds on each Side: with him, Sir THOMAS LOVELL, Sir NICHOLAS VAUX, Sir WILLIAM SANDS," and common People.

2 GENT. Let's stand close, and behold him. BUCK. All good people, You that thus far have come to pity me, Hear what I say, and then go home and lose me. I have this day receiv'd a traitor's judgment,

And by that name must die; Yet, heaven bear

witness,

And, if I have a conscience, let it sink me,
Even as the axe falls, if I be not faithful!
The law I bear no malice for my death,
It has done, upon the premises, but justice:
But those, that sought it, I could wish more chris-
tians:

Be what they will, I heartily forgive them:
Yet let them look they glory not in mischief,

6 Sir William Sands,] The old copy reads-Sir Walter. STEEVENS.

The correction is justified by Holinshed's Chronicle, in which it is said, that Sir Nicholas Vaux, and Sir William Sands, received Buckingham at the Temple, and accompanied him to the Tower. Sir William Sands was, at this time, (May, 1521,) only a baronet, [rather, a knight; as baronetage was unknown till 1611,] not being created Lord Sands till April 27, 1527. Shakspeare probably did not know that he was the same person whom he has already introduced with that title. He fell into the error by placing the King's visit to Wolsey, (at which time Sir William was Lord Sands,) and Buckingham's condemnation, in the same year; whereas that visit was made some years afterwards. MAlone.

Nor build their evils on the graves of great men ;7 For then my guiltless blood must cry against them. For further life in this world I ne'er hope,

Nor will I sue, although the king have mercies More than I dare make faults. You few that lov'd me,8

And dare be bold to weep for Buckingham,
His noble friends, and fellows, whom to leave
Is only bitter to him, only dying,

Go with me, like good angels, to my end;
And, as the long divorce of steel falls on me,
Make of your prayers one sweet sacrifice,

And lift my soul to heaven.'-Lead on, o'God's

name.

Lov. I do beseech your grace, for charity, If ever any malice in your heart

Were hid against me, now to forgive me frankly. BUCK. Sir Thomas Lovell, I as free forgive you, As I would be forgiven: I forgive all;

There cannot be those numberless offences

" Nor build their evils on the graves of great men ;] Evils, in this place, are forica. So, in Measure for Measure: Having waste ground enough,

66

"Shall we desire to raze the sanctuary,

"And pitch our evils there?"

See Vol. VI. p. 260, n. 8.

8

STEEVENS.

You few that lov'd me, &c.] These lines are remarkably tender and pathetick. JOHNSON.

9

1603:

the long divorce-] So, in Lord Sterline's Darius,

"Scarce was the lasting last divorcement made

"Betwixt the bodie and the soule" &c. STEEVENS. And lift my soul to heaven.] So Milton, Paradise Lost, Book IV:

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their songs

"Divide the night, and lift our thoughts to heaven."

MALONE.

'Gainst me, I can't take peace with no black envy Shall make my grave.2-Commend me to his grace; And, if he speak of Buckingham, pray, tell him, You met him half in heaven: my vows and

2 no black envy

prayers

Shall make my grave.] Shakspeare, by this expression, meant no more than to make the Duke say, No action expressive of malice shall conclude my life. Envy, by our author, is used for malice and hatred, in other places, and, perhaps, in this.

Again, in the ancient metrical romance of Syr Bevys of Hampton, bl. 1. no date:

Again:

"Traytoure, he sayd with great envy,
"Turne thee now, I thee defye."

"They drewe theyr swordes hastely,
"And smot together with great envy."

And Barrett, in his Alvearie, or Quadruple Dictionary, 1580, thus interprets it.

To make a grave, however, may mean to close it. So, in The Comedy of Errors:

Why at this time the doors are made against you." i. e. closed, shut. The sense will then be, (whether quaintly or poetically expressed, let the reader determine) no malicious action shall close my grave, i. e. attend the conclusion of my existence, or terminate my life; the last action of it shall not be uncharitable. STEEVENS.

-Envy is frequently used in this sense by our author and his contemporaries. See Vol. VII. p. 341, n. 9; and p. 403, 1. 30. I have therefore no doubt that Mr. Steevens's exposition is right. Dr. Warburton reads-mark my grave; and in support of the emendation it may be observed that the same error has happened in King Henry V; or at least that all the editors have supposed so, having there adopted a similar correction. See Vol. XII. p. 339, n. 1.

Dr. Warburton's emendation also derives some support from the following passage in The Comedy of Errors:

"A vulgar comment will be made of it;

"And that supposed by the common rout

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Against your yet ungalled estimation,

"That may with foul intrusion enter in,

“And dwell upon your grave, when you are dead.”

MALONE.

Yet are the king's; and, till my soul forsake me,
Shall cry for blessings on him: May he live
Longer than I have time to tell his years!
Ever belov'd, and loving, may his rule be!
And, when old time shall lead him to his end,
Goodness and he fill up one monument!

Lov. To the water side I must conduct your grace;

Then give my charge up to sir Nicholas Vaux,
Who undertakes you to your end.

VAUX.

Prepare there, The duke is coming: see, the barge be ready; And fit it with such furniture, as suits

The

greatness of his

BUCK.

person.

Nay, sir Nicholas, Let it alone; my state now will but mock me.4 When I came hither, I was lord high constable, And duke of Buckingham; now, poor Edward Bohun: 5

3

forsake me,] The latter word was added by Mr. Rowe. MALONE.

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Let it alone; my state now will but mock me.] The last verse would run more smoothly, by making the monosyllables change places:

5

Let it alone, my state will now but mock me.

WHALLEY.

poor Edward Bohun:] The Duke of Buckingham's name was Stafford. Shakspeare was led into the mistake by Holinshed,

STEEVENS.

This is not an expression thrown out at random, or by mistake, but one strongly marked with historical propriety. The name of the Duke of Buckingham, most generally known, was Stafford; but the History of Remarkable Trials, 8vo. 1715, p. 170, says: "it seems he affected that surname [of Bohun] before that of Stafford, he being descended from the Bohuns, earls of Hereford." His reason for this might be, because he was lord high

VOL. XV.

F

6

Yet I am richer than my base accusers,
That never knew what truth meant: I now seal it;
And with that blood will make them one day groan
for't.

My noble father, Henry of Buckingham,
Who first rais'd head against usurping Richard,
Flying for succour to his servant Banister,
Being distress'd, was by that wretch betray'd,
And without trial fell; God's peace be with him!
Henry the seventh succeeding, truly pitying
My father's loss, like a most royal prince,
Restor❜d me to my honours, and, out of ruins,
Made my name once more noble. Now his son,
Henry the eighth, life, honour, name, and all
That made me happy, at one stroke has taken
For ever from the world. I had my trial,
And, must needs say, a noble one; which makes me
A little happier than my wretched father:
Yet thus far we are one in fortunes,-Both
Fell by our servants, by those men we lov'd most;
A most unnatural and faithless service!

Heaven has an end in all: Yet, you that hear me,
This from a dying man receive as certain:
Where you are liberal of your loves, and counsels,

constable of England by inheritance of tenure from the Bohuns; and as the poet has taken particular notice of his great office, does it not seem probable that he had fully considered of the Duke's foundation for assuming the name of Bohun? In truth, the Duke's name was BAGOT; for a gentleman of that very ancient family married the heiress of the barony of Stafford, and their son relinquishing his paternal surname, assumed that of his mother, which continued in his posterity. TOLLET.

6

Of all this probably Shakspeare knew nothing. MALONE.

I now seal it; &c.] I now seal my truth, my loyalty, with blood, which blood shall one day make them groan.

JOHNSON.

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