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ple would require the highest degree of liberty. In fhort, Rudolph, liberty is begotten by reafon, and supported by virrue; the ftronger reafon produces again a. better liberty. Our heart urges us, indeed, to precipitate the arrival of the happy period of pure liberty; but reafon ought to check its impetuofity.-A good and lasting conftitution cannot exift where the laws do not rule over the bearts of the citizens. The laws are ridiculed and fcorned, and the conftitution is ruined, as foon as they are a compulfory check upon subjects whofe hearts have ceafed to love them. Avail yourselves, therefore, of all poffible means to animate the hearts of our countrymen with love for the laws; and this you can effect in no other manner, than by preferving to them their fimple cuftoms and domeftic virtues. Give them cuftoms which they love, ufages which make them happy, and render their paternal foil fo dear to them, that they long, even in the moft charming and fertile country, in the enjoyment of the most enchanting pleafures, for their mountains and their fimple games, to which they are ufed, and which they love with enthufiafm. The time will come when all men will be brethren; but it is yet diftant. Till then let our brethren be Grifons, becaufe they cannot be any thing better." We fhould not be forry to fee this interefting ftranger naturalifed in our country by a tranflation from the original, but not from the French verfion of L.'s works, from which the English St. Julien is taken.

PHILOLOGY.

Sexti Julii Frontini Stratagematicon, Libri IV. Chronologica et Hiftorica, Annotatione indicibufque in ufum lectionum inftructi, a GEO. FRID.WEIGMANN, 1798. 8vo. The view with which this edition of the ftratagems of Frontinus was published will aftonish many of our readers. Mr. W. is, however, of opinion, that the reading of this author will be found much more ufeful to the tyro than that of Eutropius, Nepos, Juftin, Valerius Maximus, and others. As for the language, Nepos is certainly preferable to Frontinus, but if we look to the fujects upon which F. has treated, we cannot deny that his accounts are more variegated and interefting than the dry breviary of Eutropius, better connected than the frequently uncritical relations of Nepos, and that, befides, the reading of this author is lefs dangerous to innocence than Juftin and Valerius may prove, on account of their freedom of language. We apprehend, however, on the other hand, that the clafs of readers for which this edi

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tion is defigned, will foon be tired by the great famenefs of the ftratagems which are related in one chapter, and under one head. As for the notes which the learned editor has fubjoined, they are as pertinent as the text is correct; and the two indexes which are affixed, will contribute very much to facilitate the reading of an author who hitherto has been very much neglected.

JOH. CH. ADELUNGII Grammatica theodica Scholis confcripta, Latine versa, a FR. G. BORN. 1798. This tranflation of the elaborate grammar of the celebrated Mr. Adelung, the Johnson of Germany, will be very ufeful for all foreigners who are fufficiently verfed in the Latin language, and we can fafely recommend it as a pattern of diligence and critical taste.

1. Arriani Nicomedienfis Expeditionis Alexandri libri Septem. Recenfiti et notis illuftrati, a FR. SCHMIEDER. 1798. pp. XL. and 551. 8vo.

2. Αρριανου Ινδικη, Arriani Indica cum Bonav. Vulcanii Interpretatione Latina permultis locis emendatiore; recenfuit et illuftravit FRIEDERICUS SCHMIEDER, &C. &c. 1798. pp. XIV. and 272. 8vo. with a map.

The friends of Greek literature are much indebted to the learned editor of these two important works of Arrian, efpecially for the care which he has beftowed upon No. 1. which, on account of its interefting contents and lucid diction, deferves being recommended to the claffical tyro. He has carefully confulted the varie lectiones, collected by former philologists, efpecially by JACOB GRONOV, and thereby rendered the text extremely correct. His expofition of the text is concife and appropriate; and the Latin corrected verfion of Vulcanius runs parallel with the original Greek. DODWELL'S Differtatio de Arriani Nearcho, in which the authenticity of the voyage of Nearchus is contefted, is affixed to the Indica, in connexion with Dr. VINCENT's able refutation of that attack. The map is composed of the two, which we owe to the diligence of the latter, and correfponds in correctness with the text.

1799

Obfervationes in Propertii carmina et in elegiam ad Liviam Auguftam, auctore FRID. ASTIO, Gothano. Præfixa eft FR. JACOBS Epiftola ad auctorem. The elegant epiftle with which prof. JaCOBS introduces one of his most hopeful pupils to the public, creates a favourable prejudice for the latter, and a careful exa mination of the obfervations foon convinces the reader that he is not mistaken. Mr. AST proves that he is perfectly qualified

for

for his task, and in his observations be trays an intimate knowledge of the ancient claffics, and great critical talents, which he amply difplays in fupporting his conjectures, as well as in vindicating and expounding many contefted paffages of the vulgata. Prof. Jacob's epiftle to the learned author deferves being carefully perufed by every critic who attempts an expofition of the poems of Propertius, which have been disfigured fo much by the famous tranfpofitions of Scaliger, and his imita

tors.

Exoia, hoc eft, carmina convivialia Graecorum, metris fuis reftituta, et animadverfionibus illuftrata, praemiffa difquifitione de boc genere carminis, edidit CARL. DAV. ILGEN. Philof. et LL. 00. Prof. in Academia Jenenfi. 1798. CCVIII. Difqu. pp. 288. Comm. 8vo. The table fongs of the Greeks exhibit the poetry of that nation in a very interefting light. The greatest poets, Alcaeus, Sappho, Archilochus, Anacreon, and others, have compofed fongs of that fpecies; and this thows how well the Greek knew to enliven even the most common incidents of life by the fports of fancy, and to render them inftructive by leffons of practical philofophy. However, these little poems have been neglected very much hitherto by the critics; we are therefore very much indebted to Mr. Ilgen for the great pains which he has taken in collecting and illuftrating thefe xa, which he has executed with tafte and critical judgment.

Anweifungs gruende der Hebraeifchen Sprache, &c. &c. von M. HARTMANN. 1.798. 8vo. Rudiments of the Hebrew Language, with Tables, and a Collection of felect Pieces, for the Ufe of academical Lectures. The ftudents of the Hebrew language have of late been furnished with feveral new grammars, which gives us juft reafon to demand, that those who attempt to increase that number fhould either give us new grammatical illuftrations, or at leaft improve the method of teaching it. Mr. H. has made fome happy attempts to that purpose. His examination of the ufual fyftem of punctation is very useful, his method clear and eafy, and the pieces which he has felected for the use of begin ners are unexceptionable.

Nouveau Dictionnaire de Poche, François Allemand et Allemand François, &c. &c. Tom. I. pp. 246. Tom. II pp. 214. 1798. Pocket fize. New Pocket Dictionary, French and German, and German and, French. Enriched with the new created Expreffions of the French Language. Second edition. Thoroughly revifed and

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augmented with several thousand new words, &c. &c. The firft numerous impreffion of this pocket-dictionary was fold in a very short time. The affertion of the great augmentation of this edition on the title-page, is literally true; for we have met with above 30,000 new words within the fmall compafs of 214 pages, of which the French-German part confifts. The publisher has made ufe of an extremely fmall and fine type, caft in this country (by Fry), which has rendered the fize of this book ftill more diminutive, notwithftanding the numerous additions which it contains. The different fenfe of the words is correctly stated, which, in conjunction with the portable fize of the work, renders it extremely useful.

MORAL PHILOSOPHY. Venus Urania, &c. &c. von SR.W.BAS. von RAMDOHR. 1798. Th. I. pp. 351. Tb. II. pp. 421. Tb. III. pp. 439. u. 358.

8vo. Venus Urania. On the Nature of Love, its Exaltation and Refinement. We know of no work which treats as copiously on this fubject, in a philofophical and hif torical view, as the prefent. We really were aftonished at the indefatigable patience and affiduity with which Mr. von R. whofe erudition and practical knowledge of man, have long fince raised him to a high degree of eminence in the literary world, has wound himself through the intricate labyrinths of philofophical inveftigations which he was obliged to follow in compofing this work. The first volume of this fingular performance contains the natural hiftory, and the fecond, the fentiment of love; the third comprises the ancient and modern hiftory of fexual union and love; the refult of a most laborious perufal of a great number of ancient and modern authors. Although we must obferve, that the author might have been lefs prolix, and more delicate in his dif cuffions, yet we must do him the justice to confess, that he has given us pleasure even when we could not help differing with him in opinion; that he has made a great number of juft and fine obfervations, that his ftyle is highly polished; and that the moral tendency of his work entitles him to the esteem of all readers who believe in the dignity of human nature, and think it poffible that it can be improved and exalted.

Lehrbuch der Gefchichte der Philofophie, &c. &c. von J. G. BUHLE. 3 Th. 1798. 8vo. The History and critical Literature of Philofophy. The author hopes to finish the hiftory of philofophy in two more vo lumes; but the prolixity which characte

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Die vornehmsten Wahrheiten der natuer lichen Religion und der Sittenlebre, &c. &c. von L. E. SNELL. 1798. pp. 159. 8vo. The principal Truths of natural Religion and Morality, according to the Principles of pure Reafon, &c. &c. The author of this publication wishes that the principles of critical philofophy may be rendered more generally ufeful. We cannot indeed deny, that he poffeffes the talent of expreffing his ideas in a clear and popular manner; however we must also observe, that he exercifes it at the expence of folidity and confiftency.

Woerterbuch zum leichtern Gebrauch der Kantifchen Schrifien, &c. &c. von C. CHR. E. SCHMID, &c. &c. 1798. p. 608. 8vo. Vocabulary for the better Ufe of the Kantian Writings, 4th enlarged edition. None of all the numerous writings which have been published of late, to elucidate the new terminology of prof. Kant, has been received with a more general applaufe than the vocabulary of Mr. S. The clearnefs of his expofitions and examples renders it really much fuperior to fimilar works; and we have every reafon to think that it will be deemed a very valuable acquifition to thofe who wish to obtain a complete knowledge of the fyftem of prof. Kant, which hitherto has experienced much oppofition on account of its obfcurity, and the numerous mifconceptions to which his terminology gave rife.

Allgemeine practif he Philofophie, &c. &c. J. H. ABICHT, &c. &c. 1798. pp. XIV. u. 338 8vo. General practical Philofophy. The first volume of the Philofophy of Morals; fecond thoroughly revifed edition. The author's fyftem is, as far as we can judge, nothing elfe but Eudaemonism, and we wish he would impartially enquire whether Eudaemonifm alfo can be morality? Diffufenefs, drynefs, and a heavy, and frequently obfcure, language, are the principal characteristics of this work, which promises to contribute little or nothing to the promotion of moral happinefs.

Erklaerung der Rechtedes Menschen und des Buergers, &c. &c. von TH. SCHMALTZ,

1798. Expofition of the Rights of Men and Citizens. A Commentary on the pure Law of Nature, and the natural Civil Law. This work is intended to elucidate and to correct the principal paffages of the pure law of nature, published a few years fince by Mr. S. who is profeffor of law at Koenigsberg, in Pruffia. Laudable as it is in an author to revife his former affertions from time to time, the frankness with which Mr. S. ftates his objections against prof. KANT's metaphyfical doctrine of rights, redounds equally to his honour. For liberty of thinking is the firft rule which ought to be obferved in the public interchange of ideas. However, we must take the liberty of making the following obfervation, by way of reply to the notion which he entertains of his qualification for oppofing the fyftem of the philofopher of Koenigfberg. If a land-furveyor were to perfuade himself that he could measure a field more accurately than many a great mathematician, he might be perfectly right. But were he to think himself capable, as a mere land-furveyor, of meafuring a field of any poffible figure, he would conceive this opinion because he is a land-furveyor and no geometrician. In the fame manner a jurift by profeffion would prove that he is no philofopher, were he to pretend that he, merely in the capacity of a civilian, was capable of "furveying the numberlefs details which prefent themselves in the application of general principles, and to point out their being erroneous where we expect it least." For the fundamental principles of the doctrine of rights are no experimental knowledge and principles of right; the latter are the laws of external legislature, and confequently no fundamental principles. It is owing to principles originating from reafon, that fuch principles, of which we can have no other but an experimental knowledge, are nevertheless to be regarded as laws of right. The knowledge of the pofitive law, and the practical application of it, may indeed ferve to raise the conscioufnefs of the notion of right, and to lead us to the knowledge of the fundamental principles of right, but never can ferve to point out the falfity or juftness of those general principles, as the author feems to think. We must therefore conteft Mr. S.'s prefumed qualification, as a mere civilian, for refuting prof. Kant's system of rights, and are perfectly convinced that he has advanced nothing that could invali date it. The conclufion of this work, which treats on the notion of the state and

of

of its object, has our full approbation. Mr. S. examines and rejects with much acuteness the theory of the object of the ftate confifting in the cultivation and education of man, and we regret that we have no room to fpare for a fummary of his arguments against an opinion which, if adopted and put in practice, would undoubtedly introduce the most intolerable defpotifm.

Refultate der Philofopbirenden Vernunft, &c. &c. von GEORG DEVES. Q. Th. 1798. Refults of Reason, philofophizing on the Nature of Morality, &c. &c. The refults of reason, philofophizing on the nature of morality, which Mr. D. has collected in the fecond volume of his work,, are nothing elfe but extracts from the writings of prof. KANT, and of those philofophers who have adopted his new fyftem, namely, of Hufeland, Mutchelle, Abicht, Schmid, Reinhold, Gebbard, Schaumann, Heydenreich, Jakob, Maimon, Schiller, and Fichte. The only use which this work can produce, confifts in enabling those who wish to obtain fome knowledge of the inquiries of thofe philofophers into morality, and what is connected with it, and have no opportunity of reading their works themfelves, to furvey their leading tenets with one glance in a fummary compilation.

MATHEMATICS.

for the year 1799 treats particularly on the earth and the moon, and concludes with mifcellaneous aftronomical accounts. The language of the author is correct, and adapted to the capacities of that clafs of readers for whom this almanac is des figned.

Almanach fuer Liebhaber der Weltkunde, &c. &c. 1798. u. 1799. Almanac for Lovers of Cofmology, with plates. None of all the sciences which the German almanac-makers endeavour to prepare for the palate of the fashionable world, is more homogenous with the idea of an almanac than the doctrine of the motion of the heavenly bodies, and of the phenomena which it produces. The prefent almanac is, as we think, extremely well calculated for that purpose. That for the year 1798, contains previous explanations of astronomical notions and expreffions. Then follows an inftruction in the knowledge of the ftars by means of the fiderial figns, which is completed in the almanac of 1799, to which a fiderial map is affixed. Both almanacs give an account of the annual courfe of the planets, of the eclipfes of the fun and the moon, of the approximation of the moon, the planets, and the fixed ftars, of the eclipfes of the fatellites of Jupiter, &c. &c. The almanac for 1798, contains also more particular accounts of the heavenly bodies, and of the lateft aftronomical difcoveries: of the Copernican fyftem, the fun, and the moon, and, finally, of the comets. The almanac MONTHLY MAG. XLVII.

Aftronomifches Jahrbuch fuer das Fabr, von BODE. 1798. pp. 248; 8vo. Aftronomical Annals for the Year 1801, toge ther with a Collection of the latest Tracts, Obfervations, and Accounts relating to the aftronomical Sciences, &c. &c. The lovers of aftronomy will thank Mr. Bode for the fumptuous treat which he has prepared for them in these valuable annals; the contents of which are too copious to admit of an extract in our retrospect.

Theoretische Aftronomie, von F.T. SCHUBERT, &c. &c. 1798. Tb. I. PP. 184. Th. II. pp. 367. Tb. III. pp. 342. Theo retical Aftronomy. With eight plates. The numerous additions to our knowledge of the heavenly bodies which we have obtained within the laft twenty years, as well by the most remarkable difcoveries, as by the application of the acuteft analysis, deferved undoubtedly to be collected in a complete theory of aftronomy, and to be fyftematically arranged. This has been ably executed by Mr. S. in his theoretical aftronomy, which recommends itfelf by the most perfpicuous order, folidity of argument, and a philofophical fpirit.

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

Beytraege zur Gefchichte der Philofophie, beraufgege, ben von G. G.FUELLEBORN. No. IX. 1798. pp. 188; 8vo. Contribu tions towards a Hiftory of Philofophy. No. IX. This valuable collection has been fupported hitherto chiefly by the individual activity of Mr. F. whofe diligence was affifted only in the first numbers by a few literati. This work feems to commence a new epocha with the prefent number, in which we meet at once with two contributions from celebrated writers. 1. Timaeus the Locrian, on the Soul of the World; a perfpicuous and correct tranflation of this tract by Mr. BARDILI. The general obfervations on Timaeus contain a pertinent elucidation and estimation of the philofophical opinions occurring in this tract. 2. On the Traditions concerning Hermotimus of Klazomenae. A critical Effay,. by Prof. CARUS of Leipzig. This treatife is a pattern of critical inquiry; and places the author's penetrating spirit of inveftigation and happy talents of combination, as well as his erudition, in a very advantageous light. The refults of his investigation are a truly valuable acquifi 4 D

tion

tion to the inquirer into the history of aneient philofophy. 3. GARVE on the Hif tory of Philofophy. 4. Supplements to the Hiftory of Phyfiognomy, from the Editor. 5. Fragments on the Philofophy and Manners of Ariftotle.

Phyfifche Ketzereien, &c. &c. von J. G. 6. RUEDIEGERN. 1709. pp. 121; 8vo. Phyfical Herefies, or Attempts to introduce an easier and more fimple Manner of explaining natural (Phenomena, we fuppofe?) into natural Philofophy. The author difplays, indeed, a great deal of phyfico-mathematical knowledge, and an extenfive erudition; but we have not the leaft apprehenfion that he will fucceed in his attempt of overturning the established theory, which is fupported by the greatest natural philofophers of our age, as his manner of explaining the principal natural phenomena is rather more difficult and complicated, inftead of being easier and more fimple, than that which is generally adopted.

Merkwuerdige Beyspiele zur Kenntnifs der Seelenkraefte der thiere, &c. &c. 1798. PP. 206; 8vo. Remarkable Inftances, tending to promote the Knowledge of the mental Powers of Brutes, for young People and curious Lovers of Animals. Collected arranged, and illuftrated by J. G. TRIMOLT. A collection at once amufing and inftru&ive.

Theoretische Bruchftuekke ueber die Natur der Erde, &c. &c. von S. P. T. 1798. Theoretical Fragments on the Nature of the Earth, and of the folar and planetary World, with Relation to different Sciences. The author's fingular hypothefis is too high for our mechanical comprehenfion, and it would only be wafting time ufeleffly, were we to attempt to follow this phyfical Icarus in his flight.

Grundriss der Phyfic, &c. &c. von H. F. LINK. 1798. pp. 284; 8vo. A Sketch of Natural Philofophy, for the Ufe of academical Lectures. This sketch is to ferve as a manual to ftudents and amateurs of natural philofophy. It contains nothing but what, in the strictest sense of the word, belongs to natural philofophy, and may ferve to the tyro as an ufeful compendium.

CHEMISTRY.

Journal der Pharmacie, &c. &c. von Dr. J. B. TROMSDORFF. 1798. 8vo. Journal of Pharmacy, for Phyficians, Apothecaries, and Chemifts. Vol. V. No. I. and II. The present numbers of this valuable periodical work contain a variety of important matter, and of extremely interesting observations. We were particu

larly pleased with a Specimen of a new Pharmaceutical Nomenclature, contained in No. I. as we are perfectly convinced that it will prevent a great deal of confufion which the old one frequently occafions, and that the new names are not only fhorter, but alfo much more accurate than thofe which have been used hitherto.

Chemifche Abhandlungen, von J. F. WESTRUMB. Dritter Band, erfters Heft. 1798. pp. 86. Chemical Tracts. Vol. III. No. I. This work of Mr. W. is a very interefting and valuable repertory of the ingenious experiments of a diligent and able chemift, whofe name is honourably recorded in the annals of German chemiftry. The prefent number contains a che mical analysis of the water of the new muriatic faline mineral spring, lately discovered at Pyrmont.

ECONOMY.

Ueber den Schaden der aus einer willkuehrlich en Verkleinerung der Bauerngueter, &c. &c. von C. MEERWEIN. 1798. 8vo. On the Injury which muft neceffarily arife to every State from the arbitrary Reduction of Farms. The author endeavours to prove that large farms, if well cultivated, are one of the principal pillars of every ftate; and that the reduction of such farms, if rendered general in a whole state, neceffarily must produce poverty. Senfible as we are of the extenfive practical knowledge, and the laudable zeal for the general good, which the author difplays in this work, we cannot help lamenting the partiality, contradictions, and the diffusenefs which depreciate the value of this compofition, which is great in many refpects.

Einleitung zur Kenntnifs der Englifchen Landwirthschaft, &c. &c. von A. THAER. 1798. pp. 813. 8vo. Introduction to the Knowledge of English Agriculture, and its late theoretic and practical Improvements, tending to promote the Improvement of German Agriculture; for the Ufe of thinking Farmers and Oeconomists. The author difplays an intimate knowledge of the agriculture of this country, and feems to have carefully digested his obfervations. He has ably commenced cultivating a field which hitherto has been much neglected by his countrymen; and his book contains a variety of intelligence and obfervations, which will render it almoft as interefting to an English reader as it must be to the economists of Germany.

Handbuch der gefammiten Landwirth schaft, &c. &c. von J. L. G. LEOPOLD. Zweiter Th. 1798. pp. 494. A complete Manual of Hufbandry. This ufeful very work

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