peeces of Iron fell upon them so thick, as cleared the decke, and slew many; and in short time we saw few assailants, but such as crept from place to place covertly from the fury of our shot, which now was thicker than theirs: for although as far as we may commend our enemies, they had done something worthy of commendations; yet either wanting men, or being overtaken with the unlooked for valour of our men, they now began to shrinke, and give us leave to be wanton with our advantage. Yet we could onely use but foure peece of Ordnances, but they served the turne as well as all the rest: for she was shot so oft betweene wind and water, we saw they were willing to leave us, but by reason she was fast in the latch of our cable, which in haste of weighing our anchor hung aloofe, she could not cleare her selfe as she wrought to doe, till one cut the Cable with an axe, and was slaine by freeing us. Having beene aboord us two houres and an halfe, seeing her selfe cleere, all the shot wee had, plaied on both sides, which lasted till we were out of shot; then we discovered the Vice-Admirall comming to her assistance, who began a farre off to ply us with their Ordnances, and put us in minde we had another worke in hand. Whereupon we separated the dead and hurt bodies, and manned the ship with the rest, and were so well incouraged wee waifed them amaine.' The Admirall stood aloofe off, and the other would not come within Falcon' shot, where she lay battering us till shee received another paiment from a Demiculvering, which made her beare with the shore for smooth water to mend her leakes. The next morning they both came up againe with us, as if they had determined to devour us at once, but it seemed it was but a bravado, though they forsooke not our quarter for a time within Musket shot; yet all the night onely they kept us company, but made not a shot. During which time we had leasure to provide us better than before: but God bethanked they made onely but a shew of another assault, ere suddenly the Vice-admirall fell a starne, and the other lay shaking in the wind, and so they both left 'Signalled thein to come ahead.

2

A falcon was a cannon weighing about 1000 pounds.

us. The fight continued six houres, and was the more unwelcome, because we were so ill provided, and had no intent to fight, nor give occasion to disturbe them. As for the losse of men, if Religion had not taught us what by the providence of God is brought to passe, yet daily experience might informe us, of the dangers of wars, and perils at sea, by stormes tempests, shipwracks, encounters with Pirats, meeting with enemies, crosse winds, long voiages, unknowne shores, barbarous Nations, and an hundred inconveniences, of which humane pollicies are not capable, nor mens conjectures apprehensive. We lost Doctor Bohun,' a worthy valiant Gentleman, (a long time brought up amongst the most learned Surgeons and Physitions in Netherlands, and this his second journey to Virginia) and seven slaine out right; two died shortly of their wounds; sixteene was shot, whose limbs God be thanked was recovered without maime, and now setled in Virginia. How many they lost we know not, but we saw a great many lie on the decks, and their skuppers runne with bloud. They were about three hundred tunnes apeece, each 2 sixteene or twentie Brasse-peeces. Captaine Chester, who in this fight had behaved himselfe like a most vigilant, resolute, and a couragious souldier, as also our honest and valiant Master, did still so comfort and incourage us by all the meanes they could. At last, to all our great contents, we arrived in Virginia, and from thence returned safely to England.3

That most generous and most honourable Lord, the Earle of Southampton, being pleased to take upon him the title of Treasurer, and Master John Farrar his Deputy, with such instructions as were necessary, and admonitions to all Officers

1

1 Dr. Bohun received a mortal wound, and Captain Chester embraced him and exclaimed, "Oh, Dr. Bohun, what a disaster is this." The noble doctor replied, "Fight it out, my brave man, the cause is good, and the Lord receive my soul." Brown, Genesis of the United States, II. 830.

'I.e., each had.

Next follows in the Generall Historie (pp. 130-138 of the original), an alphabetical list of the adventurers for Virginia, or subscribers to the Virginia Company, here omitted. 1 Sent.

to take heede of extortion, ingrosing commodities, forestalling of markets, especially to have a vigilant care,' the familiarity of the Salvages living amongst them made them not way to betray or surprize them, for the building of Guest-houses to relieve the weake in, and that they did wonder in all this time they had made no discoveries, nor knew no more then 2 the very place whereon they did inhabit, nor yet could ever see any returne for all this continuall charge and trouble; therefore they sent to be added to the Councell seven Gentlemen, namely Mr Thorp, Captaine Nuce, Mr Tracy, Captaine Middleton, Captaine Blount, Mr John Pountas, and Mr Harwood, with men, munition, and all things thought fitting; but they write from Virginia, many of the Ships were so pestred with diseased people, and thronged together in their passage, there was much sicknesse and a great mortality, wherefore they desired rather a few able sufficient men well provided, then great multitudes. And because there were few accidents 3 of note, but private advertisements by letters, we will conclude this yeere, and proceed to the next.

Collected out of the COUNCELS letters for Virginia.

The instructions and advertisements for this yeere were both from England and Virginia, much like the last: only whereas before they had ever a suspicion of Opechankanough, and all the rest of the Salvages, they had an eye over him more then any; but now they all write so confidently of their assured peace with the Salvages, there is now no more feare nor danger either of their power or trechery; so that every man planteth himselfe where he pleaseth, and followeth his businesse securely. But the time of Sir George Yearley being neere expired, the Councel here made choise of a worthy young Gentleman Sir Francis Wyat to succeed him, whom they forthwith furnished and provided, as they had done his Predecessors, with all the necessary instructions all these times had

'Than.

3

'Supply "that." Happenings. 'The margin has the note, "1621. The Earle of Southampton Treasurer. Master John Ferrar Deputy."

acquainted them, for the conversion of the Salvages; the suppressing of planting Tobacco, and planting of Corne; not depending continually to be supplied by the Salvages, but in case of necessity to trade with them, whom long ere this, it hath beene promised and expected should have beene fed and relieved by the English, not the English by them; and carefully to redresse all the complaints of the needlesse1 mortality of their people: and by all diligence seeke to send something home to satisfie the Adventurers, that all this time had only lived upon hopes, grew so weary and discouraged, that it must now be substance that must maintaine their proceedings, and not letters, excuses and promises; seeing they could get so much and such great estates for themselves, as to spend after the rate of 100. pounds, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. nay some 2000. or 3000.2 pounds yearely, that were not worth so many pence when they went to Virginia, can scarce containe themselves either in diet, apparell, gaming, and all manner of such superfluity, within a lesse compasse than our curious, costly, and consuming Gallants here in England, which cannot possibly be there supported, but either by oppressing the Comminalty there, or deceiving the generality here (or both).

Extracted out of the COUNCELS Letters for Virginia.

From Virginia, by the relations of the Chieftains there, and many I have conferred with, that came from thence hither, I have much admired to heare of the incredible pleasure, profit and plenty this Plantation doth abound in, and yet could never heare of any returne but Tobacco: but it hath oft amazed me to understand how strangely the Salvages hath beene taught the use of our armes, and imploied in hunting and fowling with our fowling peeces; and our men rooting in the ground about Tobacco like Swine. Besides, that the

'It was, as observed before, a part of the council's policy to "promote" the country at the expense of the settlers.

'Three thousand pounds sterling at that time was equivalent to $75,000 in present values.

Salvages that doe little but continually exercise their bow and arrowes, should dwell and lie so familiarly amongst our men that practised little but the Spade; being so farre asunder, and in such small parties dispersed, and neither Fort, exercise of armes used, Ordnances mounted, Courts of guard,' nor any preparation nor provision to prevent a forraine enemy, much more the Salvages howsoever: for the Salvages uncertaine conformity I doe not wonder; but for their constancy and conversion, I am and ever have beene of the opinion of Master Jonas Stockam a Minister in Virginia, who even at this time, when all things were so prosperous, and the Salvages at the point of conversion, against all their Governours and Councels opinions, writ to the Councell and Company in England to this effect.

May 28, Master Stockams relation.

We that have left our native country to sojourne in a strange land, some idle spectators, who either cowardly dare not, or covetously will not adventure either their purses or persons in so commendable a worke; others supporting Atlas of this almost unsupportable burdens as your selves, without whose assistance this Virginia Firmament, in which some, and I hope in short time will shine many more glorious Starres, though there be many Italiannated and Spaniolized Englishmen envies our prosperities, and by all their ignominious scandals they can devise seekes to dishearten what they can, those that are willing to further this glorious enterprize, to such I wish according to the decree of Darius, that whosoever is an enemy to our peace, and seeketh either by getting monipolicall paten[t]s, or by forging unjust tales to hinder our welfare, thath is house were pulled downe, and a paire of gallowes made of the wood, and he hanged on them in the place.

1 Pickets.

2

Jonas Stockden, son of William Stockden, of Berkswell in the county of Warwick, England, author of a letter several times printed, which asserted the futility of any attempt to civilize or convert the Indians until their head men were put to death. He appears to have been the earliest exponent of the idea that "the only good Indian is a dead Indian."