than Don Sebastian. She plays an hydra upon the emperor that is full as good as the Gorgon.

"O that I had the fruitful heads of hydra,

That one might bourgeon where another fell!

Still would I give thee work, still, still, thou tyrant,
And hiss thee with the last"-

'She afterwards, in allusion to Hercules, bids him lay down the lion's skin, and take the distaff;" and in the following speech utters her passion still more learnedly.

"No, were we join'd, even tho' it were in death,

Our bodies burning in one funeral pile,

The prodigy of Thebes wou'd be renew'd,
And

my divided flame should break from thine."

• The emperor of Barbary shows himself acquainted with the Roman poets as well as either of his prisoners, and answers the foregoing speech in the same classic strain:

"Serpent, I will engender poison with thee;

Our offspring, like the seed of dragon's teeth,
Shall issue arm'd, and fight themselves to death."

• Ovid seems to have been Muley Molock's favourite author, witness the lines that follow:

"She still inexorable, still imperious

And loud, as if like Bacchus born in thunder."

I shall conclude my remarks on his part with that poetical complaint of his being in love, and leave

my

reader to consider how prettily it would sound in the mouth of an emperor of Morocco:

"The god of love once more has shot his fires

6

Into my soul, and my whole heart receives him."

Muley Zeydan is as ingenious a man as his bro

her Muley Molock; as where he hints at the story of Castor and Pollux :

"May we ne'er meet?

For like the twins of Leda, when I mount,

He gallops down the skies"—

As for the mufti, we will suppose that he was bred up a scholar, and not only versed in the law of Mahomet, but acquainted with all kinds of polite learning. For this reason he is not at all surprised when Dorax calls him a Phaëton in one place, and in another tells him he is like Archimedes.

The mufti afterwards mentions Ximenes, Albornoz, and Cardinal Wolsey by name. The poet seems to think he may make every person in his play know as much as himself, and talk as well as he could have done on the same occasion. At least I believe every reader will agree with me, that the above-mentioned sentiments, to which I might have added several others, would have been better suited to the court of Augustus, than that of Muley Molock. I grant they are beautiful in themselves, and much more so in that noble language, which was peculiar to this great poet. I only observe that they are improper for the persons who make use of them. Dryden is indeed generally wrong in his sentiments. Let any one read the dialogue between Octavia and Cleopatra, and he will be amazed to hear a Roman lady's mouth filled with such obscene raillery. If the virtuous Octavia departs from her character, the loose Dolabella is no less inconsistent with himself, when, all of a sudden, he drops the pagan, and talks in the sentiments of revealed religion.'

"Heaven has but

Our sorrow for our sins, and then delights

To pardon erring man.

Sweet mercy seems

Its darling attribute, which limits justice;
As if there were degrees in infinite:
And infinite would rather want perfection
Than punish to extent."

I might show several faults of the same nature in the celebrated Aurenge-Zebe. The impropriety of thoughts in the speeches of the great mogul and his empress has been generally censured. Take the sentiments out of the shining dress of words, and they would be too coarse for a scene in Billingsgate.

Damme, whate'er those book-learn'd blockheads say,
Solon's the veriest fool in all the play.

DRYDEN.

I AM very much concerned when I see young gentlemen of fortune and quality so wholly set upon pleasures and diversions, that they neglect all those improvements in wisdom and knowledge which may make them easy to themselves, and useful to the world. The greatest part of our British youth lose their figure, and grow out of fashion by that time they are five and twenty. As soon as the natural gaiety and amiableness of the young man wears off,

* ADDISON'S.

This paper, No. 110, is distinguished by a hand; and reprinted by Mr. Tickell, in his edition of Addison's Works,' 4to. vol. iv. p. 173. ed. 1721.

·

they have nothing left to recommend them, but lie by the rest of their lives among the lumber and refuse of the species. It sometimes happens, indeed, that for want of applying themselves in due time to the pursuits of knowledge, they take up a book in their declining years, and grow very hopeful scholars by that time they are threescore. I must therefore earnestly press my readers, who are in the flower of their youth, to labour at those accomplishments which may set off their persons when their bloom is gone, and to lay in timely provisions for manhood and old age. In short, I would advise the youth of fifteen to be dressing up every day the man of fifty, or to consider how to make himself venerable at threescore.

Young men, who are naturally ambitious, would do well to observe how the greatest men of antiquity made it their ambition, to excel all their contemporaries in knowledge. Julius Cæsar and Alexander, the most celebrated instances of human greatness, took a particular care to distinguish themselves by their skill in the arts and sciences. We have still extant several remains of the former, which justify the character given of him by the learned men of his own age. As for the latter it is a known saying of his that he was more obliged to Aristotle who had instructed him, than to Philip who had given him life and empire.' There is a letter of his recorded by Plutarch and Aulus Gellius, which he wrote to Aristotle upon hearing that he had published those lectures he had given him in private. This letter was written in the following words at a time when he was in the height of his Persian conquests.

· ALEXANDER TO ARISTOTLE, GREETING. You have not done well to publish your books of Select Knowledge; for what is there now

in which I can surpass others, if those things which I have been instructed in are communicated to every body? For my own part I declare to you, I would rather excel others in knowledge than in power. Farewell.'

We see by this letter, that the love of conquest was but the second ambition in Alexander's soul. Knowledge is, indeed, that which, next to virtue, truly and essentially raises one man above another. It finishes one half of the human soul. It makes being pleasant to us, fills the mind with entertaining views, and administers to it a perpetual series of gratifications. It gives ease to solitude, and gracefulness to retirement. It fills a public station with suitable abilities, and adds a lustre to those who are in possession of them.

Learning, by which I mean all useful knowledge, whether speculative or practical, is in popular and mixt governments the natural source of wealth and honour. If we look into most of the reigns from the conquest, we shall find that the favourites of each reign have been those who have raised themselves. The greatest men are generally the growth of that particular age in which they flourish. A superior capacity for business, and a more extensive knowledge are the steps by which a new man often mounts to favour, and outshines the rest of his contemporaries. But when men are actually born to titles, it is almost impossible that they should fail of receiving an additional greatness, if they take care to accomplish themselves for it.

The story of Solomon's choice does not only instruct us in that point of history, but furnishes out a very fine moral to us, namely, that he who applies his heart to wisdom, does at the same time take the most pro