has given some valuable additional pieces in his edition of Waterland's works. Waterland is unquestionably one of the acutest divines of the church of England. As a polemic, there are few to equal him. And it is to his praise that, much as he was engaged in controversy, and bitter and keen as his opponents often were, he seldom uses language calculated to irritate or offend. Mr Seed says, "controversy had not at all imbittered or set an edge upon his spirits." Middleton indeed attempted to fix a stigma on his antagonist's reputation, and talked about "the wretched passions and prejudices with which he marched to his grave;" but Middleton's calumny had long ceased to be reckoned a reproach. Dr Aikin, whose sentiments were by no means in unison with Dr Waterland's, acknowledges that, "as a controversialist, though firm and unyielding, he is accounted fair and candid, free from bitterness, and actuated by no persecuting spirit."

Archbishop Boulter.

BORN A. D. 1671.-DIED A. D. 1742.

THIS excellent prelate was descended from a reputable and opulent English family. He received the rudiments of learning in merchanttailor's school, London, and afterwards studied at Oxford. Soon after the Revolution he was elected a demi of Magdalen college, his fellows being the celebrated Addison, the learned Bishop Wilcox, and Dr Welsted, a physician of great eminence and learning.

On the invitation of Sir Charles Hedges, principal secretary of state, Boulter went to London in 1700, in the quality of chaplain to Sir Charles, and soon thereafter was preferred to the same honour by Archbishop Tennison. Among his patrons at court was Spencer, earl of Sunderland, who presented him to the rectory of St Olave in Southwark, and to the archdeaconry of Surrey. He accompanied George I. to Hanover in 1719, as chaplain to his majesty and tutor to Prince Frederic. During his residence in Hanover, the bishopric of Bristol becoming vacant, the king presented him to that see and the deanery of Christ-church, Oxford, on the 15th of November, 1719.

On the death of Dr Lindsay, he was elevated to the archbishopric of Armagh and the primacy of Ireland. In this station he gave much attention to the high duties of his office, and exerted himself most strenuously for the general welfare and improvement of Ireland. He was often heard to remark that "he would do all the good to Ireland he could, though they did not suffer him to do all he would."

He died in September, 1742. His published works consist of a few charges and occasional sermons, and a series of letters to the ministers of state, on the passing affairs of Ireland, from 1724 to 1738,

Andrew Snape, D. D.

BORN A. D. 1670.-DIED A. d. 1742.

THIS learned divine and polemic was trained at Eton and Cambridge.

In 1697 he obtained a fellowship, and was elected lecturer of St Martin's-in-the-Fields, London. He was created D. D. in 1705, and represented the university of Cambridge in that faculty, at the Frankfort jubilee, in 1707.

On the breaking out of the Bangorian controversy, Snape took a zealous part against Hoadly. His 'Letter to the Bishop of Bangor passed through seventeen editions in one year. In 1723 he was elected vice-chancellor of Cambridge. He died in 1742. Dr Berriman edited three volumes of his sermons in 1745. Dr Zachary Grey considered Snape as "by far the most powerful opponent Bishop Hoadly had "

Daniel Neal.

BORN A. D. 1678.-died a. D. 1743.

DANIEL NEAL, the historian of the puritans, was born in London, on the 14th of December, 1678. He was educated in Merchant-tailor's school, of which he was head-scholar in 1697. He declined proceeding to St John's college, Oxford, having embraced dissenting principles, but entered Mr Rowe's academy for the education of young men for the dissenting ministry, and subsequently pursued his studies in Holland.

Soon after his return to London, in 1703, he began to preach; and in 1706 was called to the pastoral charge of the church in Aldersgatestreet, which subsequently removed to Jewin-street. His first publication was his History of New England,' in two volumes 8vo. 1720. In 1722 he published a Letter to the Rev. Dr Francis Hare, dean of Worcester, occasioned by his reflections on the Dissenters in a late visitation sermon.' This is an acute and spirited tract. In the same year he published a short notice on the method of inoculating for the small-pox, as practised in New England. In 1732, the first volume of his great work, the History of the Puritans,' appeared. This publication originated in the following circumstances. Dr Edmund Calamy, had, in his abridgment of the Life of Baxter,' laid before the public a view of the state of non-conformity, and of the characters and sufferings of its principal adherents, during the period that immediately succeeded the passing of the act of uniformity in 1662. Dr John Evans on this formed a design of writing a history of non-conformity from the beginning of the Reformation to 1640, when the civil war broke out. He had proceeded a considerable way in the execution of his design, before his death in 1730. In the meantime, Neal had been requested by several of his dissenting brethren to take up the history from the year 1640, and to carry it on to the passing of the act of uniformity. He had completed his collections, and put them in order for the press, some time before the death of Dr Evans; that event made him pause, and review the ground Dr Evans had intended to occupy, and ultimately he determined to commence his history at the period of the Reformation. Between the publication of the successive parts of this work, we find Neal engaged in the Berry-street and Salters'-hall lectures. The former was preached at the request and by the encouragement of William Coward, Esq., a wealthy and zealous dissenter. It consisted

of fifty-four sermons on the principal doctrine and practical heads of the Christian religion, by Watts, Guise, Price, Hubbard, Jennings, and Neal. The course was published in two volumes 8vo. in 1735. It has passed through numerous editions, and is still regarded as an exceedingly valuable and judicious body of divinity. The other course of lectures was intended as a preservative against Popery, which appeared to be alarmingly on the increase in 1734. The gentlemen who engaged in this design were: Mr John Barker, Dr Chandler, Mr George Smith, Dr Wright, Dr Harris, Dr Hughes, Dr Hunt, Mr Joshua Bayes, Mr Newman, Dr Jabez Earle, Mr Lowman, Dr Grosvenor, Mr Leavesly, Mr Barcough, and Mr Neal. These lectures were afterwards published, and led to two conferences with some Catholic priests, an account of which was afterwards published. While his historical volumes were passing through the press, Mr Neal published an able answer to Dr Madox's remarks on his first volume. Had his health permitted he would doubtless have replied to Dr Zachary Grey's animadversions on the other volumes; but the hand of death was upon him before this could be accomplished. The task, however, was executed by Dr Toulmin of Birmingham, in his edition of Neal begun in 1793 and completed in 1797, in five volumes 8vo.

Mr Neal died in 1743. He was an able divine, an accurate and impartial historian, and a truly pious man. He was Calvinistic in his sentiments, but possessed the friendship of men of all parties.

Archbishop Potter.

BORN A. D. 1674.-died a. D. 1747.

THIS learned prelate was the son of a Yorkshire linen-draper, and was born at Wakefield in 1674. He received his early education in that town, and Dr Parr affects to discover this in his Latin productions, which, says he, "abound with those faults which instruction at a higher seminary would have taught him to avoid."

At the age of fourteen he entered the university of Oxford, having the reputation at that early age of being an accomplished Grecian. After taking his bachelor's degree, he was employed by Dr Charlett in the compilation of a work for the use of students, entitled ' Variantes lectiones et notæ ad Plutarchi librum de audiendis Poetis, et ad Babilii Magni orationem ad juvenes.' In 1694 he was chosen fellow of Lincoln college, and proceeded M. A. in the same year. In 1697 he produced his beautiful edition of Lycophron's Alexandra, and the first volume of his Archæologia Græca,' which he completed next year.

In 1704 he proceeded B. D. and was appointed chaplain to Archbishop Tennison. In 1706 he proceeded D. D., and was made chaplain in ordinary to Queen Anne. His first professional publication was a 'Discourse of Church-government,' in which he pleads for the divine institution of episcopacy. In 1708 he succeeded Dr Jane as regius professor of divinity at Oxford. This promotion he owed to the inAuence of the duke of Marlborough.

In 1715 he was raised to the see of Oxford; and about the same time he published an elaborate edition of Clemens Alexandrinus, with

an entirely new version of the Cohortations.' The celebrated Bangorian controversy soon afterwards commenced, in which, with Sherlock and others, he accused Hoadly, then bishop of Bangor, of holding opinions hostile to all establishments, and particularly to that of the church of England. In 1722 he entered into a correspondence with Atterbury, as to the period when the four gospels were written. He preached the sermon at the coronation of George II., who raised him to the archbishopric of Canterbury in 1737, on the death of Dr Wake. He died in January, 1747, leaving two sons and three daughters. The archbishop's works were published in 1753, in three volumes

octavo

Bishop Gibson.

BORN A. D. 1669.—died a. d. 1748

EDMUND GIBSON, son of Edward Gibson of Knipe in Westmoreland, was born at Bampton, in that county, in 1669. He studied at Queen's college, Oxford.

The study of the Northern languages was at this time cultivated at Oxford by several eminent scholars. Young Gibson turned his attention to them also, and with the able assistance of Dr Hickes made great proficiency in them. In 1691 he published an edition of Drummond's 'Polemo-Middiana,' and James the Fifth's Cantilena Rustica.' His notes on these works are erudite and facetious. He next undertook an edition of the Chronicon Saxonicum,' the original of which, together with a Latin version and notes, he published in 1692. This work was undertaken at the request of Dr Mill, the learned editor of the Greek Testament. He also edited a valuable edition of Camden's Britannia,' in which he was assisted by Lhwyd, Smith, Johnson, and Kennet.

After having declined a small living in the Isle of Thanet which had been offered to him by Lord Somers, he accepted, in 1697, the appointment of morning-preacher at Lambeth-church; and, in 1698, that of domestic chaplain to Archbishop Tennison. About the same time he was made lecturer at St Martin's-in-the-Fields, and published the posthumous works of Sir Henry Spelman. In 1700 he was presented to the rectory of Stisted in Essex; two years afterwards the archbishop of Canterbury conferred on him the degree of D. D.; and in 1703 he obtained the rectory of Lambeth, and was made precentor and residentiary of the cathedral of Chichester. He next obtained the mastership of St Mary's hospital, with license to hold his other preferments; and in 1710 he was promoted to the archdeaconry of Surrey. In 1713 he published his famous 'Codex Juris Ecclesiastici Anglicani.' In 1715, on the death of his patron Archbishop Tennison, and the elevation of Wake to the primacy, he was raised to the bishopric of Lincoln; and on the death of Robinson he was translated to London.

Bishop Gibson's talents were considerable, and he was an excellent business man. During the long illness of Archbishop Wake, he formed a kind of regent archbishop, the ministry consulting him on all occasions, and his advice being sought for by all his brother-prelates He died in September, 1748.

Philip Doddridge.

BORN A. D. 1702.—died a. D. 1750.

Few names stand higher in the estimation of the British public, for genius and piety, for eloquence, charity, and evangelic zeal, than that of Philip Doddridge. He was the son of a London merchant, and the grandson of a non-conforming rector. He was born on the 26th of June, 1702, and became an orphan at an early age, but not before his tender mind had received some salutary impressions from the instruc tions of his parents. His guardian having dissipated the small fortune which had been left him by his father, he was indebted to the kindness of Dr Samuel Clarke of St Alban's for the means of pursuing his studies. In 1716 he began to keep a diary, in which he regularly accounted for every hour of his time. It was his custom at this period, although only fourteen years of age, to visit the poor, and discourse with them on religious subjects, occasionally administering to their necessities out of his own slender allowance. In 1718 he went to reside with his sister, the wife of Mr John Nettleton, a dissenting minister at Ongar in Essex. His uncle, who was steward to the duke of Bedford, soon afterwards procured him the notice of some members of that nobleman's family. The duchess offered to support him at the university, and to procure him preferment in the church, if she should live until he had taken orders; but Doddridge felt compelled to decline this kind proposal, on account of his scruples as to the thirty-nine articles. In the attainment of his favourite object, that of becoming a dissenting preacher, he met with serious obstacles. "I waited," he says, "on Dr Edmund Calamy, to beg his advice and assistance, that I might be brought up a minister, which was always my great desire. He gave me no encouragement in it, but advised me to turn my thoughts to something else." He received this advice with great concern, but resolving "to follow Providence, and not to force it," he was soon afterwards about to embrace an advantageous opportunity of entering upon the study of the law; but before coming to a final resolution on the subject, he devoted one morning to earnest solicitation for guidance from the Almighty; and, while thus engaged, a letter was brought to him from Dr Clarke, in which his benefactor offered to assist him in preparing for the pastoral office. Regarding this communication, to use his own words, "almost as an answer from heaven," he hastened to St Alban's; whence, after passing some time with his generous friend, he removed in October, 1719, to a dissenting academy kept by Mr John Jennings, at Kibworth, and afterwards at Hinckley, in Leicestershire, where he pursued his studies with extraordinary diligence and success; being not only very ardent but admirably methodical in his pursuit of knowledge.

He began his regular ministerial labours at Kibworth, preferring that retired village, with the larger opportunities for study which it afforded, to a more public situation. From large congregations in Worcester, Coventry, and London, he received repeated solicitations to become their pastor. Some of these he positively declined on account of the narrowness or exclusiveness of the opinions which were known to pre