The Schulhoff gun is another of the recent foreign guns. The magazine is drum-shaped, and placed under the receiver. Within this drum is a revolving carrier, which causes the cartridges to run around a central spindle, and presents them one after the other at the bottom of the bolt. This magazine, can be filled with cartridges one at a time or all at once from a packing case. Fig. 14 gives a view of the Schulhoff gun; Fig. 15 a cross section through the magazine.

In the Austrian gun, the Mannlicher, the bolt, instead of being pushed in and turned, is operated by a forward-and-back motion simply. The magazine is fixed under the receiver, like the Rubin. A packing case filled with cartridges is inserted in the magazine and left there, the cartridges being fired from the case, and when the case is emptied it drops through a slot in the bottom of the magazine. This gun cannot be used for single firing, and the cartridges cannot be inserted one at a time. It also has the disadvantage that it is necessary to open the breech to fill the magazine, as the packing case has to be inserted through the receiver.

Fig. 16 shows the Mannlicher gun, and Fig. 17 the packing case used to fill it. Fig. 18 shows the small caliber cartridge with projecting flange used in the Mannlicher. The flanges have to be over

lapped in the magazine to leave the top one free to move forward with the bolt, and a corresponding arrangement is necessary in the packing case, giving it a definite top and bottom.

In place of the German gun, illustrated above in Figs. 3 and 4, one having a magazine similar to the Mannlicher has been adopted for the German army, the bolt being of the old pattern shown in these figures. The use of flangeless cartridges allows the insertion of the packing case either side up. A groove around the base of the new cartridge gives a hold for the extractor, as shown in Fig. 19, but this does not show the bottle shape of the German cartridge.

Fig. 20 shows the U. S. service cartridge caliber .45. The cartridges are shown in actual size.

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Capt. Russell also exhibited an inspecting mirror of his invention for examining the bore of breech-loading small arms. Fig. 21 gives a view of this instrument, and Fig. 22 illustrates its use with the Springfield rifle.

Fig. 21.

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Fig. 22.

Most of the guns already spoken of were exhibited, as were also the Peabody, the Colt rifle, and several others.

Numerous drawings, representing sections, etc., of many styles of guns, arranged in the order of development, were used to illustrate the lecture. Among them were drawings of the Maxim automatic recoil rifle, and an electric gun. Illustrations were given of magazine guns, like the Spencer shot gun, and the Colt rifle, operated by means of a slide under the barrel; also of the Burgess gun, operated by means of a slide on the small of the stock. The latter has the advantage of operation with the right hand, while the left hand, grasping the barrel, steadies the piece.

At the close of the paper, Capt. Russell expressed his thanks for the courtesy shown by Hartley & Graham, of New York, William Read & Son, and J. P. Lovell Arms Co., of Boston, in offering and furnishing arms for exhibition.

MEETING 397.

The Physical Properties of Iron and Steel at Higher Temperatures.

BY MR. JAMES E. HOWARD.

The 397th meeting of the SOCIETY OF ARTS was held at the Institute on Thursday, January 9, 1890, at 8 P. M., Prof. Gaetano Lanza in the chair.

After the reading of the records of the previous meeting, the Chairman introduced Mr. James E. Howard, of Watertown Arsenal,