satisfaction in hopes of an answer," he said in a jubilant letter. "You will easily conclude, therefore, with how much more I write now, since it will be the occasion of enjoying your company here in England. I need not tell you that I have omitted no opportunity of contradicting all false reports to the king, and, as in so good a cause none can but succeed, I have so satisfied the king that he has assured me he will never believe any ill reports of you. He bid me write to you to come over. I told him I would then bring you to kiss his hand, and he was fully satisfied I should. Pray, for my sake, let me see you before the summer be over. I believe you will not mistrust me; I am sure none can the king's word. You having so many friends, lest you should mistake who I I must subscribe myself, your friend Pembroke."1 But Locke did distrust King James's word; and did not at all care about kissing the king's hand. Irksome as he found his close hiding in Dr. Veen's house, moreover, he preferred it to such life in England as would then be possible to him, especially on the disgraceful terms implied in his proffered pardon. He was doubtless grateful for the well-meant efforts of his friends on his behalf; but he proudly answered that "he had no occasion for a pardon, having been guilty of no crime."2 am, Instead of going to England he went, about the middle of September, to Cleve, where it will be remembered he had spent a few weeks more than twenty years before, when he had gone thither as secretary to Sir Walter Vane. "Though Mr. Locke experienced in Dr. Veen's house all the services that friendship and good 1 Lord King, p. 158; Pembroke to Locke, 20 Aug., 1685. . 53 PARDON nature could render," wrote Limborch, "the confinement was painful to him, the access of only two or three friends. being allowed to him. Solitude wearied him, and he wished to breathe a freer air. A certain gentleman, long known to Veen and myself, was in the habit of corresponding with Mrs. Hubner, a well-known lady, who concerned herself much with public affairs, and, while Chancellor Dankel flourished, was held in high estimation. He, after many letters had passed to and fro between them, persuaded Dr. Veen that Mr. Locke would find a safe and comfortable asylum at Cleve if he went thither. I and Dr. Guenellon objected to his going, for I knew this gentleman to be a braggart, fond of making great promises which often came to nothing; but through Veen he persuaded Mr. Locke to leave us, his friends, and go into that unknown place in order that he might enjoy more liberty. Veen and Guenellon and I conducted him to the boat which goes from here to Utrecht, and hardly could we bear to part from him. But before many weekswere over he found that the promises of his adviser were as vain as we had anticipated. So he came back to his old hiding-place in Amsterdam, and, that there might be the less chance of his being discovered, passed by the name of Dr. Van der Linden." That disguise Locke seems to have soon thrown off, on finding that there was no further danger of his arrest. Though he declined to derive from it any other advantage than freedom in walking about the streets of Amsterdam and enjoying the society of more friends than could be admitted into Dr. Veen's little parlour, the "pardon" that he refused to sue for or to accept was granted to 1 MSS. in the Remonstrants' Library; Limborch to Lady Masham, [26 March-] 6 April, 1706. 1 him. When, in May, 1686, just a year after Skelton's demand for the surrender of Monmouth's supposed accomplices, proclamation was made by the states-general for the arrest of certain persons who had assisted in his rebellion, but who were out of reach of both Colonel Kirke and Judge Jeffreys, Locke's name was not included in the list.2 In the summer-time of 1685, after Limborch had conducted Locke from his lodgings at Utrecht to find a hiding-place in Dr. Veen's house in Amsterdam, the friendship of these two men ripened into a maturity that decayed only with death. Veen lived somewhere near the university, in the Hoog-straat, Limborch in the seminary adjoining the remonstrants' church in the Keisers-gracht; and, while Limborch passed from the one house to the other very often to relieve his friend's solitude by welcome talk on philosophy and theology, Locke sometimes ventured out after dark to take counsel with him at his own home. He seems, for safety's sake, to have generally given notice 1 "I thought it might not be unpleasing to your lordship," Skelton wrote to the Lord President on the 20th of April, 1686, "to know that, upon his majesty's inclining to pardon young Burnardiston and Joshua Locke, both now at Amsterdam, several others of the same party have from thence taken encouragement to hope for the like mercy, and are earnestly solicitous for it."-Foreign State Papers, Holland, in the Public Record Office. We may reasonably assume that Skelton wrote Joshua in mistake for John. I have sought in vain for any trace of a Joshua Locke in Amsterdam at this time. 2 I am indebted to Mr. Frederic Muller, the great bookseller of Amsterdam, for an original copy of this proclamation. Though Locke's name is not in it, it somewhat strangely mentions some of his Somersetshire neighbours; among others Mary Bath and George Lipp, of Wrington. Æt. 53. noon, of his approach. "I always have so many proofs of your kindness and friendship," he wrote on a Monday after"and I lean so much on your wisdom and experience, that I venture to seek fresh favours from you. I am very anxious to meet you, having a great many things to say. If it is convenient to you that I should visit you this evening, I will come to your house after nine o'clock."1 From the time when he left Amsterdam to make his short sojourn in Cleve, Locke corresponded steadily and frequently with Limborch, whenever they had not the greater advantage of personal intercourse; and this correspondence throws much light on Locke's general history, and especially on his theological opinions, during the remaining years of his life." 1 MSS. in the Remonstrants' Library; Locke to Limborch, Die Lunae. 2 Forty-three letters from Locke to Limborch, from copies supplied by the latter to Sir Peter King, and twenty-seven from Limborch to Locke, were printed in Some Familiar Letters between Mr. Locke and several of his Friends' (1708). One from Locke to Limborch and ten from Limborch to Locke were printed by Lord King in the second edition of his Life and Correspondence of Locke' (1830). I have found in the Remonstrants' Library at Amsterdam thirty-four other letters from Locke, as well as Lim borch's own copies of all his letters. From the originals, in the same library, I have also been able to supply numerous postscripts and other passages which Limborch had omitted from his transcripts of Locke's letters, apparently because he thought them too personal and trivial to interest the general public. They are of great value now, however, as illustrating Locke's biography. Nearly all these letters are written in Latin; a few in French. Translations of forty-four of the letters, including some of Limborch's, were made by Mr. Rutt, the biographer of Priestly, and published by him in the Monthly Repository,' vols. xiii. and xiv. (1818 and 1819). Of these translations I have occasionally availed myself; but I have endeavoured in my own renderings, while retaining the sense of the originals, to avoid as far as possible the pedantic tone inevitable in a very literal translation of letters written in Latin. From the first of the long series, it appears that he arrived in Cleve on the 7th or 8th of September, and at once addressed to Guenellon a letter which he feared had not reached its destination. "I should especially regret its miscarriage," he wrote two days afterwards to Limborch, "as in that case I might seem to disregard or undervalue the numberless kindnesses which you all have shown to me, and in the space of a few hours to have forgotten your favours, the remembrance of which, I assure you, time can never efface. I cannot find words in which to give sufficient thanks for the benefits I have received from Dr. Veen and his excellent wife: please express them for me in your choicest phrases. I think I shall stay long here, for my health's sake. The pleasantness of the place, and my love of quiet, if not idleness, as well as my dislike to the worry of travelling, detain me. I enjoy my daily walks immensely, though I should enjoy them very much more if some of you were companions of my rambles." The letter was signed "Lamy," a pseudonym which Locke here adopted for his greater security. "Please address your letter T Lamy," he said in a postscript," and send it in an outside envelope to Mr. Meyer, secretary to his highness the Elector of Brandenburg."1 While at Cleve, Locke worked on at his 'Essay concerning Human Understanding." "I wish," he said in his next letter to Limborch, "that the book I am preparing were in such a language that you might correct its faults; you would find plenty of matter to criticise." 2 In the same letter Locke courteously reported that he 1 MSS. in the Remonstrants' Library; Lamy to Limborch, [18-] 28 Sept., 1685,-partly printed in Familiar Letters,' p. 298. 2 Familiar Letters,' p. 302; Locke to Limborch, [26 Sept.-] 6 Oct., |