with the first. Beyond question there are many who are constrained by their natures to devote their energies to philanthropic ends, and do this without any regard for personal benefit. Indeed there are here and there men who would consider themselves insulted if told that what they did was done with the view of obtaining divine favour.

REFERENCES.

To find the authority for any statement in the text, the reader is to proceed as follows:-Observing the number of the section in which the statement occurs, he will first look out, in the following pages, the corresponding number, which is printed in conspicuous type. Among the references succeeding this number, he will then look for the name of the tribe, people, or nation concerning which the statement is made (the names in the references standing in the same order as that which they have in the text); and that it may more readily catch the eye, each such name is printed in Italics. In the parenthesis following the name, will be found the volume and page of the work referred to, preceded by the first three or four letters of the author's name; and where more than one of his works has been used, the first three or four letters of the title of the one containing the particular statement. The meanings of these abbreviations, employed to save the space that would be occupied by frequent repetitions of full titles, is shown at the end of the references; where will be found arranged in alphabetical order, these initial syllables of authors' names, &c., and opposite to them the full titles of the works referred to.

REFERENCES TO PART IV.

§ 8. Cimmarróns (Osw. 61)—Wolves (Rom. 436). § 9. Beavers (Dal. in C. N. H. iii, 99)-Crows and Rooks (Rom. 323-5). § 10. Bisons (Rom. 334-5)-Elephants (Rom. 400-1)—Monkeys (Gill. 170). § 14. Abors (Dalt. in J. A. S. B. xiv, 426). $23. Dogribs (Lub. 509)-Fuegians (Wed. 175) -Greeks (Pla. Jow. 229). § 24. Communists (Lav. in Contemporary Review, Feb. 1890; Bel. 101). § 26. Germany (Daily Papers, Feb. 1890). § 31. Lepchas (Camp. in J. E. S. L. July, 1869)—Hos (Dalt. 206)-WoodVeddah (Tenn. ii, 444)—Kant (Ka. 54-5). § 32. Austin (Aust. 30). § 34. Benthamism (Mill. 93; Bel. in Cont. Rev., July, 1890). § 40. Fijians (Will. i, 112) — Wends (Grimm. 488) - Herulians (Grimm. 487) Greeks (Gro. ii, 33)—Europeans (Gri. 289; Green, 13)-English (Steph. ii, 204, 209). $ 41. Early Germans, &c. (Mai. 370) Anc. Russia (Holtz. i, 225-6) $45. Abors (Dalt. in J. A. S. B. xiv, 426) Nagas (Stew. in J. A. S. B. XXIV, 608)-Lepchas (Camp. in J. E. S. L. July, 1869)-Jakuns (Fav. in J. I. A. ii). § 46. Fijians (Ersk. 492)- Hebrews (Ex. xxi; Deut. xv; Lev. xxv. 45, 46) Christians (1 Cor. vii, 21) — Greeks (Gro. ii, 37, 468-9) -Spartans (Gro. ii, 309)-English (Green, 56, 91, 90, 247)-Artizans (Mart. i, 343). § 52. Suanetians (Fresh. in P. R. G. S. June, 1888, p. 335)

Dahomans (Burt. i, 260). 8 54. Locke (Sec. Treat. on Gov. § 27)Comanches (Scho. i, 232)-Chippewayans (Scho. v, 177)-Irish (Green, 431)— China (Wil. i, 1-2)—India (Lav. 310, etc.). $ 55. Maine (Mai. 184). § 60. Romans (Cop. 2)—English (Rob. in Ency. Brit. art. " Copyright"). 61. Monopolies (Had. 489). § 62. Roman Law (Pat. 154-5)—Buddhists (Pat. 181, note)—English (Pat. 53). $ 63. English (13 Eliz. c. 5; 29 Eliz. c. 5). 64. Polynesians (Ell. P. R. ii, 346; Tho. i, 96)—Sumatra (Mars. 244)-Hottentots (Kolb. i, 300)—Damaras (And. 228)—Gold Coast (J. E. S. (1856) IV, 20)-Congo (Proy. in Pink. xvi, 571)-Eghas (Burt. Abeokuta, i, 208) Timbuctoo (Shab. 18)-Ashantis (Bee. 117)-Arabs (Burck. i, 131)— Todas (Mar. 206)—Gonds (His. 12*)-Bodo and Dhimals (Hodg. in J. A. S. B. xviii, 718)-Kasias (Hook ii, 275)—Karens (Mas. in J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. ii, 142)-Mishmis (Grif. 35)—Primitive Germans (Tac. Germ. xx)—Celts (Bello, iii, 398)-Saxons and Frisians (König. 152-3)-Merovingians (König. 158-60) -France (Civil Code, § 967, etc.)." $ 69. Polynesians (U. S. Ex. Ex. iii, 22; Ang. ii, 50; Ell. Hawaii, 390; St. John, ii, 269 Bechuanas (Burch. ii, 395) Inland Negroes (Land. i, 250) — Ashantis (Bee. 148)— Shoa (Harr. ii, 26) Congo (Proy. in Pink. xvi, 578) — Dahomans (Burt. Miss. i, 52) Fulahs (Wint. i, 170) — Hebrews (Deut. xxii, 8, etc.) — Phoenicians (Möv. ii, 108-110)-Mexicans (Zur. 223)-Cent. Americans (Xim. 203; Pala. 84; Sqi. ii, 341)—Patagonians (Fitz. ii, 150)—Mundrucus (Bates, 274) - Diocletian (Lév. i, 82-3). $ 70. Hebrews (Deut. xxiii, 19-20)— Cicero (Arn. 50)—England (Ree. iii, 292; Steph. Comm. ii, 90) France (Lec. Rationalism, 293-4). 8 72. England (Cunn. 200; Thor. i, 118; Craik, i, 108-9; Rog. i, 575; Ree. iii. 262, 590; Pict. Hist. ii, 809, 812, viii, 635)— France (Tocque. 427; Lév. iii, 286). $ 74. Guinea (Bast. iii, 225)— Fijians (Lub. 357; Ersk. 450; Will. i, 121)-Greeks (Plato: Laws, bk. x; Smith, Class. Dict. 714; Ency. Brit. ii, 1). § 78. Henry IV. (Green, 258) -Nonconformists (Green, 609-13)—Athenians (Pat. 76)—Romans (Pat. 77)— English (Pat. 79, 94)—Plato (Pat. 50)-English (Pat. 50-1). $ 90. Fijians (Will. i, 210)-Fuegians (Voy. Adv. & Bea. ii, 2) Australians (Trans. Eth. Soc. N.S. iii, 248, 288)-Egyptians (Ebers. i, 307-8)-Aryans (Tac. Germ. xviii)-Prim. Germans (Gri. 450)—Early Teutons (Mai. 153)-Old English (Lapp. ii, 338-9)—Romans (Hunt. 32-3)-Fulc the Black (Green, 95). $95. Greeks and Romans (Lec. ii, 26)-Teutons and Celts (Gri. 455, etc.) Fuegians (Fitz. ii, 171)—New Guinea (Kolff, 301)—New Zealanders (Cook's Last Voy. 54)-Dyaks (Broo. i, 75)—Malagasy (Wai. ii, 437)—Hebrews (Ex. xxi, 7; 2 Kings iv, 1; Job xxiv, 9)-Romans (Lec. ii, 31)-Celts (König. 86-7)-Germans (Gri. 461)-Romans (Hunt. 29; König. 87)-France (Bern. 189-193; Gonc. 10-12; Bern. 161). $ 102. Esquimaux (Hear. 161)Greeks (Gro. ii, 468)-Bodo, Dhimál and Kocch (Hodg. 157; Hodg. in J. A. S. B. xviii, 741). § 111. Esquimaux (Cran. i, 164-5)-Fuegians (Wed. 168)-Veddahs (Tenn. ii. 440)-Tasmanians (Bon. 81)-Mountain Snakes (Ross. i, 250)—Fish-eaters (Scho. i, 207)—Shirry-dikas (Lew. & Clarke, 306)-Comanches (Scho. ii, 127). § 112. Snakes (Lew. & Clarke, 306)-Creeks (Scho. v, 277)-Dacotahs (Scho. ii, 183-5)—Comanches (Scho. i, 231)-Uanpés (Wal. 499)-Patagonians (Falk. 123)—Araucanians (Thomp. i. 405)-Bechuanas (Licht. ii, 329)—East Africans (Burt. C. A. ii, 365)—Coast Negroes (J. E. S. 1848, i, 215; Wint. i, 127)-Abyssinia (Park. ii, 236-8)—Arabs (Palq. 53; Burck. i, 284)—Bhils (Mal. i, 576)—Khonds (Macph. 44)— Karens (Mas. in J. A. S. B. xxxvii, Pt. II, 142)—Early Teutons (Kemb. i, 268, 272; Thor. i, 447)—English (Green, 197)—French (Gué. ccviii). § 117. Paternal Government (Mai. 133). § 118. Plato (Laws, bks. vi, vii; Rep. bk. v)-Aristotle (Rep. bk. vii, 14-16)-Plato (Rep. iv, 19)—Aristotle (Rep. bk. vii, 9-10). § 121. Feudalism (Bonne. i, 269) Fiji (Will. i, 30)— Church-and-King Mob (Hux. 103). § 131. Thieves (Daily Papers: date lost). $132. Shrewsbury (Jev. 37). $133. Penny Post (Ency. Brit. xix, 565)—Boy Messengers Co. (Daily Papers, March, 1891).

TITLES OF WORKS REFERRED TO.

And.-Andersson (C. J.) Lake Ngami.

Ang.-Angas (G. F.) Savage Life and Scenes in Australia and New Zealand. Arist.-Aristotle's Politics and Economics. Trans. by E. Walford. (Bohn's Series). London, 1871.

Arn.-Arnold (W. T.) Roman Provincial Administration. London, 1879. Aust.-Austin (John) The Province of Jurisprudence determined. 2nd Ed. 8vo. London, 1861.

Bast.-Bastian (A.) Der Mensch in der Geschichte. 3 vols.

Bates.-Bates (H. W.) The Naturalist on the River Amazon. 2nd Ed. London, 1864.

Bee.-Beecham (J.) Ashanti and the Gold Coast.

Bel.-Bellamy (E.) Looking Backward.

Bel.-Bellamy in Contemporary Review.

Bello.-Belloguet (R. Baron de) Ethnogénie Gauloise.

Bern.-Bernard (P.) Histoire de l'Autorité paternelle en France. Montdidier, 1863.

Bon.-Bonnemère (E.) Histoire des Paysans. 2nd Ed. 2 vols. Paris, 1874. Bonw.-Bonwick (J.) Daily Life and Origin of the Tasmanians. 8vo. London, 1870.

Broo.-Brooke (C.) Ten Years in Sarawak.

Burch.-Burchell (W. J.) Travels into the Interior of Southern Africa.
Burck.-Burckhardt (J. L.) Notes on Bedouins and Wahábys. London, 1831.
Burt.-Burton (R. F.) Abeokuta and the Cameroon Mountains. 2 vols. 1863.
The Lake Regions of Central Africa. 2 vols. 8vo. 1860.
Mission to Gelele, King of Dahomey. London, 1864.
C. N. H.-Cassell's Natural History, ed. by P. M. Duncan. 6 vols. roy. 8vo.
London, 18[77]-1883.

Camp.-Campbell in Journal of the Ethnological Society, London.
Cook. Journal of Captain Cook's Last Voyage, 1776-79. London, 1781.
Cop.-Copinger (W. A.) The Law of Copyright. 2nd Ed.

Craik.-Craik (G. L.) History of English Commerce. 1844.

Cran.-Crantz (D.) History of Greenland. London, 1820.

Cunn.-Cunningham (W.) The Growth of English Industry and Commerce, etc. 8vo. Cambridge, 1890.

Dal.-Dallas in Cassell's Natural History.

Dalt.-Dalton (Col. E. J.) Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal. Calcutta, 1872. Dalt.-Dalton in Journal of the Asiatic Society, Bengal.

Ebers.-Ebers (G.) Aegypten und die Bücher Moses. Leipzig, 1868.

Ell.-Ellis (Rev. W.) Narrative of a Tour through Hawaii. 1827.

Polynesian Researches. 1829.

Ency. Brit.-Encyclopædia Britannica. 9th Ed.

Ersk.-Erskine (Capt. J. E.) Journal of a Cruize among the Islands of the

Western Pacific. 8vo. 1853.

Falk.-Falkner (T.) Description of Patagonia.

Fav.-Favre (Rev. P.) in Journal of the Indian Archipelago.

Singapore.

ture' and 'Beagle,' etc. London, 1839-40.

Vol. II.

Fitz.-Fitzroy (Admiral) Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of the ‘Adven

Fresh.-Freshfield (D.) in Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. Gill.-Gillmore (P.) The Hunter's Arcadia.

Gonc.-Goncourt (E. & J. de) La Femme au XVIIIe Siècle. 8vo. 1862.
Green.-Green (J. R.) A Short History of the English People. 1880.
Gri.-Grimm (Jacob) Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer. Göttingen, 1828.
Grif.-Griffith (W.) Journal of Travels in Assam, etc. Calcutta, 1847.
Gro.--Grote (G.) A History of Greece. 10 vols. 4th Ed.

Gué.-Guérard (B.) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de St. Père de Chartres. 2 vols.
Paris, 1840.

Harr.-Harris (W. C.) Highlands of Ethiopia. London, 1844.

Hay.-Haydn's Dictionary of Dates. 12th Ed., by Vincent. London, 1866. Hear.-Hearne (S.) Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort, etc. Dublin, 1796. His.-Hislop (Rev. S.) Aboriginal Tribes of the Central Provinces. 1860. Hodg.-Hodgson (B. H.) Kocch, Bodo and Dhimál Tribes. Calcutta.

in Journal of the Asiatic Society, Bengal. Holtz.-Holtzendorf-Vietmannsdorf (F. von) Handbuch des deutschen Strafrechts. 4 vols. 8vo. Berlin, 1871.

Hook.-Hooker (J. D.) Himalayan Journals. 2 vols. 8vo. 1854.
Hunt.-Hunter (W. A.) Introduction to Roman Law. London, 1880.

Hux.-Huxley (T. H.) Science and Culture, and other Essays. London, 1881.
J. A. S. B.-Journal of the Asiatic Society, Bengal.

London, 1882.
London, 1873.

J. E. S. L.-Journal of the Ethnological Society, London.
Jev.-Jevons (W. Stanley) The State in Relation to Labour.
Ka.-Kant's (E.) Theory of Ethics. Trans. by T. K. Abbott.
Kemb.-Kemble (J. M.) The Saxons in England. 2 vols. 8vo. 1849.
Kolb.-Kolben (P.) Present State of the Cape of Good Hope. Trans. by
Medley. 1731.

Kolff.-Kolff (D. H.) Voyages of the Dutch Brig_the 'Dourga' through the
Molucca Archipelago, etc. Trans. by G. W. Earl. 1840.

König.-Königswarter (L. J.) Histoire de l'organisation de la Famille en France. Paris, 1851.

Land.-Lander (R.) Journal of an Expedition to the Course and Termination of the Niger. London, 1832.

Lapp.-Lappenberg (J. M.) England under the Saxon Kings. Trans. by B. Thorpe. 2 vols. 8vo. 1845.

Lav.-Laveleye (E. de) in The Contemporary Review.

Primitive Property. London, 1878. Lec.-Lecky (W. E. H.) History of European Morals.

London, 1877.

3rd Ed. 2 vols.

Lec.-Lecky (W. E. H.) On Rationalism in Europe. 2 vols. 8vo. 1865.
Lév.-Lévasseur (C.) Histoire des classes ouvrières. 1st and 2nd series.

4 vols. Paris, 1859-67.

Lew.-Lewis (M.) and Capt. Clarke. Travels to the Source of the Missouri, etc. London, 1814.

Licht.-Lichtenstein (H.) Travels in Southern Africa in the Years 1803-1806. Trans. by A. Plumptre. 2 vols. 4to. 1812-15.

Locke.-Locke (J.) Two Treatises of Government. 5th Ed. London, 1728.
Lub.-Lubbock (Sir J.) Pre-Historic Times. 2nd Ed. 8vo. London, 1869.
Macph.-Macpherson (Lieut.) Report upon the Khonds of Ganjam and Cuttack.
Calcutta, 1842.

Mai.-Maine (Sir H. S.) Ancient Law. 3rd Ed.
Mal.-Malcolm (Sir J.) Memoir of Central Asia.
Mar.-Marsden (W.) History of Sumatra.

London, 1866.
London, 1823.

Marsh.-Marshall (Lieut.-Col. W. E.) A Phrenologist amongst the Todas. London, 1873.

Mart.-Martineau (H.) History of England during the Thirty Years' Peace 1849-50.

Mas.-Mason in Journal of the Asiatic Society, Bengal.