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The sexes

the women on another tier of seats on the other side of the chapel. They come in at different doors, and retire by the same. are kept totally distinct. When they are seated, every one retains the same posture, with their eyes fixed to a steady aspect on the minister, or cast modestly to the floor. Not a smile, not a whisper. not a motion is perceived among them; all are still, solemn, attentive and devout, from the eldest to the youngest in the assembly. I was present at their evening service, which consisted in reading a chapter of the Bible and singing a hymn in the German language. Mr. Etwein, their minister or bishop, repeated the substance of the hymn to us in English afterward, when it appeared to be a very pertinent prayer in verse. They all sing, and are accompanied by the music of an organ, which is placed in a small gallery in the chapel, into which strangers are admitted to see their devotions.

In their common deportment they are cheerful, civil, polite and kind to strangers, but especially and more eminently so to each other. They are sober and industrious. In their conversation they give no titles of distinction, use no profane or scurrilous language, avoid jesting, and confine their discourse to necessary, useful, instructive, or at least innocent topics.

Their dress is plain and uniform. Their leader, Count Zinzendorf, fixed the mode, and the laws of the Society forbid it to be altered. But this is governed by the dictates of economy rather than religious or moral principle, as in this way a great saving of expense is made, which would otherwise arise from the numerous changing and expensive fashions which take place in the world. If you remember Christian Trott's little close cap, and the rest of her dress, you will have nearly the idea of the dress which is universal with their women. There is nothing very different from the rest of mankind in the dress of their men, except that they are universally plain and frugal. Both the men and women are very neat and clean in their persons, their dress, their houses and their diet.

The children remain with their parents until they are ten or twelve years of age, and are sent to public schools, where they are taught reading, writing, arithmetic, the learned languages, and other parts of literature, according to their abilities, and the business they are designed for. Here likewise they are instructed in the elements of religion by masters provided and supported by the Society.

At twelve, the male children are sent to the house of the single men. This is a very large stone building with apartments to accommodate two or three hundred persons; the length is about one hundred feet, the breadth fifty; it is five stories high, with a cellar and kitchen underneath; through the middle of each story lengthwise, runs an aisle or common passage about twelve feet wide, on each side of which are apartments for the men, furnished with stoves and other necessaries. Here are likewise two very large chambers for lodging-rooms, in which are about one hundred and fifty beds, numbered from one and upward; every one has his bed assigned him. Here is likewise a common hall or refectory, where they all eat together, and an oratory or chapel where they all meet for morning and even

ing prayers, with seats, and at the end is placed a very fine houseorgan. In this house the elder single men, who are almost all artisans, work at their trades, and are furnished with tools and accommodations for that purpose; and here, likewise, the boys of twelve years old and upward are taught and instructed in the particular trades or arts they are intended to pursue. All are under the inspection of overseers appointed by the Society; all are regular in their hours of labor, refreshment and rest. Idleness is banished; all are industrious and active. Behind the house lies a large and well laid-out garden, stored with vegetables in great plenty for the use of the single men: through the middle of this garden runs the Monakisy, in which is a small octagonal island, formed by art, with an arbor, terrace and seats of green sward for the amusement of the single men in a summer's evening. The rear of the garden extends to the Lehigh.

It will be needless to give you a particular description of the house of the single women; it is the counterpart of the house of the single men, though of less dimensions, and but three stories high. It has its common bed-chambers, refectory, chapel and kitchen; in the chapel are a spinnet, bass-viol, and other musical instruments, which are played upon at their morning and evening prayers. On the walls are two pictures or paintings, one of CHRIST taken down from his Cross, and the other, CHRIST in his agony in the Garden, but neither of them very well executed. The walls are hung round with portraits of eminent women who have belonged to the Society; and some elegant specimens of penmanship, executed by the matron who now presides here. Under the direction of this matron the single women are employed and instructed in spinning of all kinds, knitting, weaving, needle-work, embroidery, tambour, and other female arts. The same economy of time, and the same industry, are observed here as in the house of the single men.

Opposite to the single women's house, across the street, is the house of the widows: this is a large, elegant stone-building, about seventy feet long, forty feet wide, and three stories high. Here all the widows of the Society, who have no families of their own, or are unable to provide for themselves, reside, and are provided for by the community; yet not so as to discharge them from the obligations to industry which are common to all.

The lane on which these buildings stand runs from the main street toward the east and terminates in a double row of cherry-trees, which form a pleasant mall for the recreation of the ladies, and in the proper season furnish them with every variety of that agreeable fruit which the climate will produce.

Adjoining the house of the single women is the church: a little back from the street, and adjoining the church, fronting the street, is the bishop's house, a very large building of stone; in this house, up one pair of stairs, is the chapel in which the village meets for morning and evening prayers. The walls are hung round with paintings representing some of the most remarkable incidents in the life and history of our blessed SAVIOur. The chapel is arched overhead; from this arch three large branches depend, with chandeliers, which

are lighted up, and, with thirteen sconces, which hang against the wall, between the paintings, illuminate the chapel in their evening assemblies.

The inn or tavern (there is but one here) is another public building. It is built of stone, on a very broad foundation, three stories high; the apartments are large and convenient, the beds very good, and the house every way well furnished: it has a very large court-yard, a large stone-shed for horses, a range of stables seventy feet long, with a stone lodge for the hostler at one end. The stables are built with stone to the height of about four feet; above mud walls, with openings for the admission of air; they are kept clean, as are the courtyard and shed; the stables are constantly locked and secured: your horses are safe and well fed. A traveller on a long journey will always find it his interest to stop one night at Bethlehem.

Under the hill, on the little rivulet Monakisy, at the distance of about thirty rods from the main street, the tradesmen are planted, who can use the stream in promoting their particular business. Here is a grist-mill, fulling mill, saw-mill, a dyer's shop, with fine copper boilers, set in mason-work, a tan-house and yard, a bark-house, a mill for stamping bark, another for pounding and softening leather, an oil-mill, a mill for manufacturing barley, oat-meal, split peas and the like, a skinner's mill (that is to manufacture deers' leather) and a mill to break and soften hemp, to fit it for spinning.

Here likewise there rises a large spring of fine sweet water out of the hill, which is conveyed in pipes under a pump-house, where three pumps, which are worked by a water-wheel, that is turned by the Monakisy, force the water up into a large leaden pipe, which conveys it up the hill to a large cistern in the middle of the village, from whence it is conveyed in like pipes to every part of the town, and supplies the inhabitants with plenty of good water for drinking and every other purpose.

This last is a public work, and belongs to the community, as does another building, resembling a vault, adjoining the burying-ground, into which, when any person dies, his corpse is immediately conveyed and laid out. It remains here twenty-four hours; then the village assembles in the church, public prayers are had, a sermon is preached, after which they all go in solemn procession to the vault, take the corpse, and deposit it in a grave in the burying-ground.

The graves are not opened promiscuously, here and there, at the pleasure of a relation or friend, as with us, but regularly in rows from one side of the ground to the other, with a little alley to pass in between the rows; on the south side, in the first three rows, are deposited the remains of aged and middle-aged men ; then in the following rows, young men, boys and children; next elderly and middleaged women, then young women, girls and female infants. Upon most of the graves there lie oblong stones, each about two feet long and eighteen inches wide, with an inscription mentioning only the name of the deceased, the time and place of his birth and of his death. Neither title, sentiment nor character is to be found among the inscriptions on any stone in this repository of the dead.

You go into Bethlehem by a road which leads from East to West. The first house is the tavern. Here the road turns to the South, and runs down to the Lehigh about half a mile. This last is the main street. To the east of this street the ground, about half a mile square, is covered with well-grown, thrifty apple-trees, now loaded with fruit. This orchard is public property, as is the whole farm, (except the house, plots and gardens of particular persons in town,) which contains seven thousand acres. The whole is under the management of one man, styled 'the Farmer.' He is a public officer, who directs and superintends the whole of their agriculture, sells the produce, and accounts with the community for the net income.

The grist-mill, fulling-mill, saw-mill, tannery, oil-mill, the manufactory of barley, split-peas and oat-meal, of small skins, the dying, the manufactory of flour, bread, soap, and the tallow-chandlery, are all public property, under the management of particular persons, who are public officers, superintend their particular branches, and account with the community for the net profits. These profits, with others which I cannot enumerate, are carried into their treasury, and constitute the fund from which the expenses of public buildings, and other public charges, are defrayed, and their charitable foundations supported.

Here is a botanical garden; that is, a garden of medicinal plants; but I had no leisure to examine it, and can give you no account as to what plants are cultivated in it, or as to what good purpose it serves; I only mention it to excite your curiosity when you have opportunity to obtain farther information about it.

Madder, a plant the root of which is an excellent and necessary dye, is raised here in great perfection, so as to exceed that raised in the United States of Holland and in England. I saw three plots of this plant growing, and almost at perfection, in the garden which belongs to the bishop's house, each containing about forty rods of land. Should you be curious to know more of the natural history and culture of this plant, and the manner of preparing it for use, you will find a very particular account in Miller's Gardeners' Dictionary,' which Captain Mortimer owns, and will doubtless be so kind as to let you see, if you desire it.

This settlement was begun in the year 1745. It now consists of no more than sixty or seventy families. The first settlers were not very opulent. All the public buildings and works which I have mentioned, and many I omit for want of time, are the fruits of order, economy, frugality, industry and virtue, or public spirit, steadily exerted by a few people in the short term of thirty-seven years.

TRANSCENDENTAL

FORMULA.

O, WISE Idealist! thy truth I see:
Thou sayest,' Me is All.' I do agree,
Reading thy sentence thus, thy All is Me.

E. A. W.

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I READ in some old book of mystic lore,
One of those gem-books, all illumined o'er
With vermeil flowers and azure buds, embraced

In golden scrolls around the margin laced;

Stuffed with strong words and quaint conceits- I fear Not over tuneful they to gentle lady's ear:

To some, not all; for seated at thy feet,

Methinks I might that same harsh text repeat,
And even win thy smile; for, like the sun,
You gladden everything you look upon;
But to begin again' the book,' ah me!

I cannot think of it; my thoughts are all of thee!

Have patience; well then, thus: it was my hap
To read a story of a wondrous cap,

Old FORTUNATUS', and the tale doth say

That when he would at once be far away

From where he was, 't was but to don the hood And wish

– and straight it chanced he was where'er he would.

Thus far I read, and folding down the place,

I sighed and wished mine were FORTUNIO's case,
That some good fairy would bestow the prize,

So I might spurn the earth and cleave the skies,

Uplifted high as the dizzy heavens be,

Then downward speed to earth, and heaven again, and thee!

So sitting in the lamp-light's pensive gloom,
Methought sweet perfumes floated in the room,
Link after link of Revery's golden chain

Stretched o'er the waste that lay between us twain;
Tumultuous raptures filled me, thrilled me through,
And lo the wish fulfilled! I was indeed with you!

I was with thee! thy presence filled the place,
And I was standing gazing on thy face;
Near thee, yet sad my spirit seemed to wait,
Like the lorn Peri at the golden gate;

But with averted look you turned to part,

And then methought the pulse had stopped within my heart.

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