Conceffion of Princes, that they exercis'd Jurifdiction over Ecclefiaftical Perfons, but by Divine Right. THE Ecclefiaftical State being thus aggrandiz'd, the Clergy began to fet their minds more on Temporal Affairs, than Divine and Sacred; the ancient Difcipline was intirely laid afide, and the whole Church plung'd in Diffolutenefs and Debauchery; neither was there any Wickednefs which the Clergy was not guilty of: Popes were excommunicated by their Succeffors, and the Sacraments, adminiftred by them, annull'd. Six Popes were turn'd out by those who wanted to fucceed them, nay, and two murthered. Theodora a famous Roman Courtefan, by the Faction fhe had in Rome, John X.made one of her common Bullies Pope, at twenty Years of age; John XI. who was the baftard Son of Pope Sergius, was likewife made Pope. In fine, fuch and fo great Disorders were committed in thofe times, that all Hiftorians agree, that thefe were not Popes, but Monsters; even Cardinal Baronius himself owns, that the Church was in thefe times without a Pope. THE Political State afterwards fell into no lefs Confufion, when Charles the Grofs dying without male Iffue, the Kingdom of Italy pafs'd 888. from the French to the Italians in the year 888, The King- who not being able to govern themfelves, re dom of Ita-folv'd at laft to have recourfe to Otho, Son ly paffes of Henry King of Germany, who drove out from the French to the Italian Tyrants, rather than Kings, and the Italians, put a stop to the inteftine Broils and Čalamiand from ties, under which Italy had groan'd for upthefe to the wards of fixty years. Of all thefe Transactions Germans. our Author gives us a moft accurate and fuc cinct Account, as alfo of the Wars carry'd on by the German Kings of Italy, againft the Greeks in Apulia and Calabria, of the Inftitution of the Electors of the Empire, of new Revolutions that happen'd in Italy at Otho III's death in the Year 1001, and how the Race 100г of the Otho's being extinct in him, the Italian Princes again confpir'd to get the Empire and the Kingdom of Italy into their own hands, by fetting up Ardoin the Son of Dodo Marquis of Eporedia. But Arnulphus Archbishop of Milan, looking upon this Election without his Authority, as an Affront, depos'd him in a Council of his Bishops, and mov'd Henry Duke of Ba-Henry varia, and King of Germany, to drive him Duke of from the Throne. Henry having vanquifh'd crown'd his Rival, was by the Archbishop of Milan King of crown'd King of Italy in the year 1013, and Italy and fhortly after went to Rome, in order to receive Emperor. the Imperial Enfigns and Crown from Pope 1013. Benedict VIII. Thus the Empire and Kingdom of Italy pafs'd from the Race of the Otho's into the Houfe of Bavaria, in the perfon of Henry II. and Ardoin, after having held the Kingdom of Italy almoft two years, gave over all hopes of being reftor'd, and became a Monk. I cannot better conclude this Abridgment of Giannone's firft Volume, than with the Words made use of by him on this occafion; which clearly fhew the free and noble Spirit of the Author, and his regard to Truth, fince he has not, even in Italy, been afraid to write with fuch freedom of the Roman Clergy's bold Ufurpations. "Not only the Pope, fays he, "but the Archbishops of Milan likewife pre"tended, that the Election of the Kings of Bavaria "Italy belong'd to them; for they look'd on "the Ceremony of their crowning and anointing Kings, which at firft was practis'd to render the Action more folemn, to be a "Matter of Right neceffarily inherent in them, "and claim'd it, as if the Election had abso 66 lutely depended on them. A Warning both "to People and Princes to be upon their "guard how they fuffer Priefts to meddle in their Affairs, or in any thing belonging to them; for what at firft they get by way of courtefy, or out of refpect to their Dignity, they afterwards claim as their due; and then, "with the utmost ingratitude, deny they owe it "to them; but attribute it all to their own 66 Authority and Character." ARTICLE II. Lexicon Militare, Authoré CAROLO de AQUINO Societatis Jefu, 2.Vol. &c.. That is, A Military Lexicon by F. CHARLES d'AQUINO Jefuit. Printed at Rome by Antonio de Rubeis, 1724. in tro Volumes in Folio. FA ས ATHER Charles d'Aquino, defcended from the Dukes of Aquino in the Kingdom of Naples, was well known to the Litterati of Italy, before his publishing of this Book. He taught Rhetoric in the Roman College for the space of eighteen years, during which time he publifhed the following Pieces. Poëmatum libri quinque, quinque, Elegiarum libri tres, Orationum libri duo, Satyrarum libri tres, Epigrammatum libri quatuor. But the Lexicon Militare, which he published a few Years fince, and of which I am now to give fome account,has been esteem'd this Author's principal and grand Work. He therein not only, with great perfpicuity, explains whatever any way belongs to War, but befides, confirms fuch Explanation by Paffages taken from Latin and Italian Writers, which gives light to many Places to be met with in the Claffics, otherwife very obfcure. Nor does he confine himself fingly to words ufed by Authors of the best Ages alone, but befides extends to those, in ufe among Writers of the lower Ages; it being his Intent to give us a full and distinct Knowledge of whatever relates as well to the ancient as modern manner of War. To this end he no lefs copiously, than learnedly and clearly treats of the following Heads. De Militiâ, & ad eam fpectantibus genera tim. De Religione & bonis Moribus. De Ludis Gymnicis, & aliis Ludis facris. De creando Milite, & facris Ordinibus equeftris militiæ. De Tyronibus, Exercitatione, & Equeftribus ludicris Certaminibus. De Duce fupremo, & ejus Infignibus. De Bello indicendo, apparatu, delectu, & profectione. De Exercitu, & ejus partibus. No I. 1730. C De De Bellicis Magiftratibus, & Primoribus mi litiæ. 5. De Militum Nomenclaturâ. De Equitatu. De Miniftris, Fabris, & Servis. De Acie. De Inftrumentis muficis. De Clamoribus, Acclamationibus, Canticis, Saltationibus. De Signis, & Vexillis. De Vigiliis, Exploratoribus, Nunciis, & Significationibus aliis. De Armis generatim. De Armis tegentibus, & offendentibus. De Machinis, earum partibus, & Inftrumentis ad offendendum. De Remediis ad repugnandum. De Veftibus, Calceis, Tibialibus, &c. De Arce militari & Stipendiis. De Annonâ & Cibariis. De Curribus & Sellis. De Impedimentis. De Equis, & Equorum Nominibus. De Supellectile & Oneribus. De Caftrametatione, Itineribus, & Manfio nibus. De Arce, & Re munitoriâ.) anu De Pugnâ. De Præmiis, Conceffionibus, & Indultis. De Pœnis, Mulctis, & Re Judiciaria. De Remediis adverfus offenfionem armorum, De Obfidione. De Supplicibus, & Deditiis. De Seditione. De Pace, Foederibus, & Sponfionibus. De |