ment of the session of the Legislature which passed the measure on which the referendum is demanded. The veto power of the Governor shall not extend to measures initiated by or referred to the people. All elections on measures referred to the people of the state shall be had at the biennial regular elections, except when the Legislature shall order a special election. Any measure initiated by the people or referred to the people as herein provided shall take effect and become the law if it is approved by a majority of the votes cast thereon: Provided, That the vote cast upon such question or measure shall equal one-third of the total votes cast at such election and not otherwise. Such measure shall be in operation on and after the thirtieth day after the election at which it is approved. The style of all bills proposed by initiative petition shall be: "Be it enacted by the people of the State of Washington." This section shall not be construed to deprive any member of the Legislature of the right to introduce any measure. The whole number of electors who voted for Governor at the regular gubernatorial election last preceding the filing of any petition for the initiative or for the referendum shall be the basis on which the number of legal voters necessary to sign such petition shall be counted. All such petitions shall be filed with the Secretary of State, who shall be guided by the general laws in submitting the same to the people until additional legislation shall especially provide therefor. This section is self executing, but legislation may be enacted especially to facilitate its operation.

Publicity.

The Legislature shall provide methods of publicity of all laws or parts of laws, and amendments to the constitution referred to the people with arguments for and against the laws and amendments so referred, so that each voter of the state shall receive the publication at least fifty days before the election at which they are to be voted upon.

Preamble-argument-92 W. 22-38, 46.

See: State ex rel. Howell v. Superior Court for Thurston County, decided August 22, 1917. Chap. 42, Laws '11.

Limited Membership.

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of not less than sixty-three nor inore than ninety-nine members. The number of senators shall not be more than one-half nor less than one-third of the number of members of the House of Representatives. The first Legislature

shall be composed of seventy members of the House of Representatives, and thirty-five senators. See: 85 W. 263. As to apportionment-92 W. 542.

State Census.

Sec. 3. The Legislature shall provide by law for an enumeration of the inhabitants of the state in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninetyfive and every ten years thereafter; and at the first session after such enumeration, and also after each enumeration made by the authority of the United States, the Legislature shall apportion and district anew the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the number of inhabitants, excluding Indians not taxed, soldiers, sailors and officers of the United States army and navy in active service.

See: 15 W. 50; 92 W. 542.

First Election of Representatives-Tenure of Office. Sec. 4. Members of the House of Representatives shall be elected in the year eighteen hundred and eighty-nine at the time and in the manner provided by this constitution, and shall hold their offices for the term of one year and until their successors shall be elected.

Cited: 49 W. 72.

Second and Subsequent Elections.

Sec. 5. The next election of the members of the House of Representatives after the adoption of this constitution shall be on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November, eighteen hundred and ninety, and thereafter, members of the House of Representatives shall be elected biennially and their term of office shall be two years; and each election shall be on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, unless otherwise changed by law.

Election of State Senators.

Sec. 6. After the first election the senators shall be elected by single districts of convenient and contiguous territory, at the same time and in the same manner as members of the House of Representatives are required to be elected; and no representative district shall be divided in the formation of a senatorial district. They shall be elected for the term of four years, one-half of their number retiring every two years. The senatorial districts shall be numbered consecutively, and the senators chosen at the first election had by virtue of this constitution, in odd numbered districts, shall go out of office at the end of the first year;

and the senators, elected in the even numbered districts, shall go out of office at the end of the third year.

See: 4 W. 14; 92 W. 542.

Eligibility.

Sec. 7. No person shall be eligible to the Legislature who shall not be a citizen of the United States and a qualified voter in the district for which he is chosen.

Election Returns.

Sec. 8. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.

See: 60 W. 420.

Rules.

Sec. 9. Each house may determine the rules of its own proceedings, punish for contempt and disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all the members elected, expel a member, but no member shall be expelled a second time for the same offense.

Officers of Each House.

Sec. 10. Each house shall elect its own officers; and when the Lieutenant Governor shall not attend as president, or shall act as Governor, the Senate shall choose a temporary president. When presiding, the Lieutenant Governor shall have the deciding vote in case of an equal division of the Senate.

Cited: 29 W. 34.
See: 29 W. 335.

Journal-Adjournment.

Sec. 11. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish the same, except such parts as require secrecy. The doors of each house shall be kept open, except when the public welfare shall require secrecy. Neither house shall adjourn for more than three days, nor to any place other than that in which they may be sitting, without the consent of the other.

See: Initiative No. 3-88 W. 494.

Meetings of the Legislature—Limit of Session. Sec. 12. The first Legislature shall meet on the first Wednesday after the first Monday in November, A. D. 1889. The second Legislature shall meet on the first Wednesday after the first Monday in January, A. D. 1891, and sessions of the Legislature shall be held biennially thereafter, unless specially convened by the Governor, but the times of meeting of subsequent sessions may be changed by the Legislature. After the first Legislature the sessions shall not be more than sixty days.

Legislature shall meet on second Monday of January. Laws '91, p. 38.

Ineligibility of Members to Certain Offices.

Sec. 13. No member of the Legislature, during the term for which he is elected, shall be appointed or elected to any civil office in the state, which shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased, during the term for which he was elected.

Who Are Ineligible to Membership in the Legislature.

Sec. 14. No person, being a member of Congress, or holding any civil or military office under the United States or any other power, shall be eligible to be a member of the Legislature; and if any person after his election as a member of the Legislature, shall be elected to Congress or be appointed to any other office, civil or military, under the government of the United States, or any other power, his acceptance thereof shall vacate his seat. Provided, That officers in the militia of the state who receive no annual salary, local officers and postmasters, whose compensation does not exceed three hundred dollars per annum, shall not be ineligible.

Vacancies.

Sec. 15. The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies as may occur in either house of the Legislature.

Immunity from Arrest.

Sec. 16. Members of the Legislature shall be privileged from arrest in all cases except treason, felony and breach of the peace; they shall not be subject to any civil process during the session of the Legislature, nor for fifteen days next before the commencement of each session.

Free Speech.

Sec. 17. No member of the Legislature shall be liable in any civil action or criminal prosecution whatever for words spoken in debate.

Style of Laws.

Sec. 18. The style of the laws of the state shall be: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Washington." And no law shall be enacted except by bill.

See: 1 W. T. 15.

But One Subject in Bill.

Sec. 19. No bill shall embrace more than one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title.

Cited: 1 W. 294, 307, 311, 387; 2 W. 495; 3 W. 275; 6 W. 149; 10 W. 149; 15 W. 10, 481; 17 W. 450, 634; 19 W. 398, 443, 448; 21 W. 383; 24 W. 256; 25 W. 126; 28 W. 321; 31 W. 192; 35 W. 166, 341; 36 W. 32, 537; 38 W. 312; 39 W. 185; 40 W. 407; 41 W. 4; 42 W. 193, 194, 499; 43 W. 664; 46 W. 597; 48 W. 44, 71; 49 W. 623; 50 W. 518; 80 W. 362; 83 W. 13; 86 W. 434.

Construed: Sufficiency of title-78. W. 105; 82 W. 646; 88 W. 469; 90 W. 419; 91 W. 420; 94 W. 415. Public service commission act-75 W. 85. Court reporting act-79 W. 231. Jitney bus act90 W. 419. Initiative No. 3-88 W. 469.

Generally: 1 W. 156, 165, 206, 209, 290, 306, 308, 382, 525; 1 W. T. 199; 2 W. 40, 491, 494, 577; 3 W. 7, 267; 3 W. T. 131, 267, 332, 397, 474; 5 W. 222; W. 138, 148; 7 W. 29, 32; 10 W. 147; 14 W. 155, 306, 308, 589, 703; 15 W. 9, 47, 403, 480; 17 W. 447, 611, 626; 18 W. 495; 19 W. 207, 396, 441; 20 W. 80; 21 W. 371, 395; 22 W. 419, 444; 23 W. 542; 24 W. 255, 419; 25 W. 122; 26 W. 368; 27 W. 659; 28 W. 317; 31 W. 141, 191, 492; 32 W. 279, 294; 34 W. 81, 98; 35 W. 161, 338, 503; 36 W. 31, 529; 37 W. 428; 38 W. 126, 309; 39 W. 177; 40 W. 403; 41 W. 174; 42 W. 192, 360, 491; 43 W. 627, 664; 45 W. 290; 46 W. 596; 47 W. 328; 49 W. 460, 619; 50 W. 164, 508; 75 W. 616; 76 W. 317, 333; 79 W. 231, 639; 81 W. 491, 606; 82 W. 646; 91 W. 420; 94 W. 415.

Either House May Amend.

Sec. 20. Any bill may originate in either house of the Legislature, and a bill passed by one house may be amended in the other.

Yeas and Nays.

Sec. 21. The yeas and nays of the members of either house shall be entered on the journal, on the demand of one-sixth of the members present.

Yeas and Nays in Passage of Bill.

Sec. 22. No bill shall become a law unless on its final passage the vote be taken by yeas and nays, the names of the members voting for and against the same be entered on the journal of each house, and a majority of the members elected