markable; not one fold, as characteristically, but erroneously, rendered in our authorised version; not one fold, but one flock. No one exclusive enclosure of an outward Church, but one flock, all knowing the one Shepherd, and known of Him. (Dean Alford.)

Has Monsignor Capel yet to learn the distinction between auλŋ and Tоiμvn? I am, rev. sir, yours faithfully,

ROBT. ASKWITH TAYLOR, M.A. Norton Mareward Rectory.

Replies.

2 KINGS v. 18, 19.

A VERB in the infinitive mood is sometimes used for the past, and sometimes for the future. In the past in Gen. ii.

In the day * ביום עשות יהוה :4

the Lord made," &c.

, in Hithp., is sometimes used in the future, though it has the preter. form.

W is used in Niph. only, and seems to have the force of a deponent. The participle is used in the passage above cited, and may be rendered leaning or leaned The active participle is sometimes used as a preter. Gen. xli. 4: D. "Pharaoh dreamed," &c.

The various readings in De Rossi are not worth notice; only one or two MSS. are mentioned. I take the passage to refer to the past, and would read it thus: " May the Lord pardon thy servant for this thing: (viz.) on my master entering the temple of Rimmon to worship there, and he leaned, or leaning, upon my hand, and I bowed myself in the temple of Rimmon because I bowed myself in the temple of Rimmon, may the Lord pardon thy servant for this thing."

is often used, implying reverence or respect to a thing, because. (Vide 1 Kings v. 22; Gen. xviii. 28; Ex. x. 12; 2 Kings xiv. 6; Jonah i. 14.) One MS. rejects the latter clause, "Bowed himself in the house of Rimmon;" but this is of no weight. The first clause states what the commander-in-chief did with his master; and the bowing to worship Rimmon now being considered by him to have been sinful, it was necessary to repeat the expression to show what he asked pardon for. nho is in the future, because the as

:

surance of forgiveness, if granted would be a future act. There is an important moral consideration involved in the solution of this passage, which is decidedly antagonistic to the verbs being applied to the future; I mean those expressing the act of worship for it is obvious that Naaman now considered idolatry a sin, and resolves to sacrifice to no other God but the Lord. How he could now, with such deep convictions, conscientiously bow to worship Rimmon after he had solemnly renounced his belief in him, and solemnly vowed devotion to the God of heaven, we are at a loss to conceive. Besides, is there a single example to show that the Lord ever pardoned sin prospectively? Would not such an act look like granting an indulgence, or a dispensation to sin? It is clear enough that Naaman looked upon the act as a sin, else why ask for pardon? So far as I can see, there is no violence done to Hebrew grammar by considering the verb, to bow, as a preterite.

This is my view of the passage; you may differ from it, and you are at liberty to do what you will with it. B. H.

Literary Notice.

PREDIGT, gehalten in St. Margareth's Kirche, Westminster, am 2 Mai, 1872, vor der Londoner Gesellschaft zur Beförderung des Christenthums unter den Juden, von dem Prediger C. D. MARSTON, M A., Rector von Kersal, Manchester. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt von CARL BECKER, Pastor. Cöln, 1872.

THIS brochure, as the title page informs us, is a translation into German of a sermon by the Rev. C. D Marston, now Vicar of St. Paul's, Onslow Square, Brompton. The sermon was preached on the eve of the sixty-fourth anniversary of the London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews, before the friends of the great cause which that Association especially espouses. The theme which the preacher has chosen for his discourse, on that occasion, was GOD IN HISTORY, AS ELUCIDATED BY HIS DEALINGS WITH HIS PEOPLE ISRAEL. The subject itself was a most suitable one, but its suitableness was greatly enhanced by the mode in which it was treated. Mr. Marston contrived to produce, in a

marvellously small compass, a clear and lucid synopsis of the great theme of prophecy, which extended over thousands of years past, and which is still stretching onward. We were not at all surprised therefore to find that a learned German divine-a colaborateur of Professor Delitzsch-should have considered the discourse worthy of being reproduced, in his own vigorous language, for the spiritual instruction of his own countrymen. We wish

from the depths of our heart that that sermon were carefully and prayerfully read by every professing Christian in this land. God in history, as it is brilliantly illustrated in this discourse, is the most effectual antidote to the baneful scepticism which, like a thick veil, is being gradually spread over the nations of Christendom. One more earnest wish we have to express ere

we close this our laconic notice. It is that the committee of the "London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews," or that of the "British Jews' Society," would have that sermon translated into good idiomatic Hebrew for the benefit of the Continental, as well as for that of Asiatic and African Jews. It would be read with real avidity, inasmuch as the Jewish national history is the basis of the discourse. God may be pleased to vouchsafe a greater blessing upon it than He saw fit to grant to the various polemical tracts which are constantly in circulation by the agents and missionaries of those societies. If the literary staffs of those associations have other translations on hand, some members of our staff will be glad to do their best to supply the proposed translation.

GOLIOUTH.

I.

A new, improved, and enlarged English edition of Bythner's METHODICA INSTITUTIO LINGUÆ SANCTE. Forming a complete, intelligible, and comprehensive Hebrew Grammar.

II.

CLAVIS PSALMORUM. A revised, condensed, and therefore greatly improved English edition of Bythner's Lyra Prophetica Davidis Regis; sive Analysis Critico-Practica Psalmorum. Being the most perfect key to the study of the Original of the sublime Book of Psalms.

III.

An interlineary HEBREW AND ENGLISH PSALTER. Arranged in lines of metrical parallelism. With brief, but important critical and exegetical notes, in which the many egregious and reprehensible philological inaccuracies which disfigure and disgrace the interlineary translations of Montanus, Wal

By the REV. Dr. Mar.

ton, and others, have been carefully guarded against.

A FEW WORDS FAMILIARLY ADDRESSED TO HEBREW STUDENTS.

I have been importuned upwards of these twenty years to prepare a useful vade mecum for the Hebrew student. I must confess that I have no tastenor do I think it to be my calling-for writing elementary works; I have therefore endeavoured, invariably, to recommend Bythner's LYRA PROPHETICA, either the original LATIN, or the English translations of the same, by Dee and Benmohel. I felt, however, in duty bound to warn my Hebrewlearning friends of the overwhelming number of inaccuracies which mar both the original and the English versions. I have not bettered my condition by the recommendation and warning. I have been constantly appealed to for the last score of years, by Hebrew students, to point out the errors of Bythner's analysis of this Psalm and of that Psalm, to intimate Bythner's irrelevant matter in this page and that page; so that a considerable portion of my time was consumed in writing critical notes on Bythner, Dee, and Benmohel.

Of late, however, my learned Importunaters have altered their tactics; they have abandoned their small and piecemeal measures, and begun to agitate for a sifting and thorough reformation of Bythner and his translators. They positively gave me no rest, and in self-defence-to secure a quiet life from one quarter at least-I have undertaken the task, and here is its performance. Its completeness and accuracy will speak for themselves; I have only to offer a few statements respecting some of the principal features of alteration which I deemed incumbent upon me to make.

1. Í dispensed with the Chaldee, Arabic, Syriac, Greek and Latin quotations-in which Bythner abounds. Those quotations, instead of expediting the student's progress, rather retard it. The study of Hebrew is the learner's immediate object, and I have endeavoured to give him the full value of the Hebrew word or sentence which he is now analysing. Woe betide the progress of a foreigner in the English language, if he-the German or Frenchman-set about reading the Vicar of Wakefield under the auspices of Littleton's learned English Dictionary.

2. I have eschewed the constant references to the numbers of the rules in the grammar. I know the waste of time unnecessarily occasioned by the frequent consultations of numerous books, during the early days of learning a language. I presume that the students of this work will give me credit for not having set down ought which was not according to rule; and I have sincere confidence in them to believe ought but that they are endeavouring to make themselves thorough masters of the small but comprehensive grammar, which I have edited for them as companion to this.

3. I have struck out all quaint and fantastic illustrations. For instance, under No. 76, where is explained to mean also a nostril, nose: it is added, "It is sometimes put for the entire countenance or face, as the nose being the most prominent feature gives a turn of beauty or ugliness to the face accordingly. It is sometimes taken for rage, anger, because the nose and the entire countenance is an index of anger." I have omitted the words printed in ita

lics. If any student should regret their absence, he will find them, and hosts after their kind, in Dee's and Benmohel's Bythners.

4. The roots which David never planted in his Psalms, but which Bythner has sown in that field-and his translators propagated whilst Hebrew scholars were asleep, I have eradicated, and have restored the genuine roots.

5. I have supplied the singular to plural nouns which neither Bythner nor his translators could find.

6. In giving the pronunciation of the Hebrew words in English characters, I have made the following changes. (a) I have represented the vocal) by wy in certain positions, by Ai the n to be pronounced as it is in the French-language; slighter than hat if possible. I have also represented the long vowel (..) by the diphthong ai, or ay. (:) initial I have represented by an apostrophe. My reasons the student will find in the grammar.

7. I have headed each Psalm with a brief summary of its purport, knowing well that a previous correct notion of the theme conduces to help forward the student in his work.

8. To make the study of the sacred tongue, from the Book of Psalms, most pleasant to the learner, I have also prepared for him an English interlineary translation of that sacred volume, on the plan--but on a sounder principleof Montanus, and the Psalter published by the enterprising firm of Messrs. Bagster & Sons. This three-fold cord -viz. the Grammar, Clavis Psalmorum, and the interlineary Hebrew Psalterif properly laid hold of, will unfold to the learner-whether with a master or without-more of the intrinsic beauty of the sacred tongue in one year than unsystematic study of many years.

The triple work will begin to be issued in monthly numbers, as soon as the complement of subscribers' names shall have been received to warrant the author going to press.

Price to subscribers, paying in advance, THREE SHILLINGS per No. ; to non-subscribers, FOUR SHILLINGS.

MOSES MARGOLIOUTH, LL.D.
PH. D., &c. &c.

22, Pelham Crescent,

South Kensington, S.W.