lenti, and 1. 2374, quod nos ambo fecerimus in gratiam et honorem isti ebrioso (istis ebriosis) cannot be at all tried by the context, since in both cases the narration is made only episodically. Umber, equivalent to omber, is however suspicious, because from the Ohd. eimpar, we should expect 6mber, equivalent to amber." With submission to Dr. Grimm, not only is the last consideration quite sufficient to overthrow his reading, but enough may be gathered from the context to enable us to give a shrewd guess at the meaning. In the Cod. Ex. fol. 89. we have these lines, meotud ána wát hwær se cwealm cymeð þe heónon of cydde ge-wíteð þá ær adl nimeð. umbor yceð, probably miseriam auget. In the first passage, umbor-wesende, miseri, if my conjecture be sound, is applied to a party of warriors who have just consigned to the deep the body of a beloved chieftain: in the second Wealhpeow appeals in favour of her sons to Hróðwulf, on the score of kindnesses done by her to him in his misery, that is when his father had been murdered.* * Though there is an inaccuracy in umbor-wesende for wesendne, there is no doubt but that it is to be construed with hine: the same error is committed in 1. 742. The whole refers to the exposure of Scyld, as an infant. For the account of which see the Preface to vol. ii. James Grimm does not agree with me in the translation of umbor ýced; in the Deutsche Mythologie, which I hope is shortly to appear, there is the following note; "the passage perhaps means, nova proles addit (restituit), quos morbus aufert." AngelSachsische Stammtafeln. p. xviii. note 2. S NAMES OF PERSONS, ETC. MENTIONED IN BEOWULF. Angles. Gár-mund, Offa,* Hreðel, and his sons Herebald, Hæcyn and Higelác; the last is called the nephew of Swerting, who must therefore have been Hrebel's brother, and is not to be confounded with the Frisian or Old Saxon Swerting, by whom Fróda IV. of Denmark was slain. Offa is in our legend stated to be the nephew instead of the son and successor of Gármund, and to be of kin to Heming, a hero unknown to me. The Norse genealogies make no mention of Hrebel, and give Offa, Dan for a successor; this however signifies little, for it was the usual practice in these times for the sons to divide among themselves the whole inheritance, and every separate state therefore will give a separate line of . succession. After the death of Herebald accidentally slain by Hæðcyn, the two brothers divided the kingdom, till Hæðcyn having fallen in battle against Ongendeów, Higelác remained lord of the whole: but being slain in an unsuccessful inroad against the Frisians he was succeeded by his son Hardred; and this king having also fallen under the swords of the Sweónes, Beowulf, the hero of our tale, was called to the throne. He was a Wægmunding, deriving his blood from the kingly * See Traveller's Song, 1. 69. stock, and the son of Ecgdeów, who had to wife the sister of Higelác; but dying childless was succeeded by Wigláf, the son of Wihstán, his near kinsman, and the last survivor of the Wægmund family. Other heroes mentioned, not of royal blood, are Wulf and Iófor, the sons of Wonred, to the latter of whom Higelác married his daughter. An unnamed lady, the daughter of Hæreð, was Offa's wife or daughter-in-law, the latter of which suppositions is however the more probable from her being yet alive at the period of Beowulf's expedition to Denmark. The Angles are called Geátas, Wederas, SæGeátas, etc. Danes, called also East-Dene, Gár-D. Hring-D. North-D. Súð-D. West-D. Of these, three mythic kings are mentioned, viz. Scéf, Scyld, Beowulf the Scylding. Their era must be placed before the birth of our Lord. In the fourth and fifth centuries, we have Halfdane, and his sons, Heorogár, Hróðgár* and Halga. Ingeld and Fróda V, whose son Hróðwulf was associated with Hróðgár in the kingdom, and married to his daughter Freáware, were Halfdane's brothers, and Elan was their sister. Hró gár by his queen Wealhbeów, a lady of the family of the Helmings, had two sons, Hreðric and Hróðmund. This royal race are collectively called Ingwinas, which seems to be the same name as the Norse Ynglingar. Besides these a Heremód is named as reigning tyrannically over some part of Denmark, who may be the same person as that connected with Sigmund the Walsing, in l. 1795, and * See Traveller's Song. 1. 89. + Id. 1. 95. in the Hyndly Lióð, 2. (Edd. Sæm. vol. i. 315.)__Danish heroes, not of the blood royal, are Eschere, Hunferð, Wulfgar, Gúðlác, Hengest and Osláf. Frisians. Fin, the son of Folcwalda:* his queen was Hildeburh, the descendant of Hoce; and her son, Hnæf,t slain in battle against Halfdane. Holinga, very liberally given to Hnæf as his wife by some commentators, is not a lady but an adverb. A Hunláfing § is mentioned as the slayer of Hengest, but this may be only a patronymic denoting Fin; Osláf and Gúðlác revenged this murder by the slaughter of Fin, the destruction of his city, and the abduction of his treasury and queen to Denmark. Another Frisian chieftain, slain by Beowulf, was Hugu or Hugh. Heaxobeardnas. A tribe, stated in 1. 4060, etc. and in the Traveller's Song, 1. 98, to have been defeated under the walls of Heort by Hróðgár and Hróðwulf, are otherwise unknown to me. Sweóas. Suiones. Their kings were Eádgils, probably the Adils of the Heims-kringla, and Athislus of Saxo; Ongendeów,‡ and his sons Onela and Ohthere, at feud with Eádgils. Ongendeow was slain in a battle against Higelác by Wulf and Iófor: in revenge Ohthere's sons ravaged Anglia and slew Hardred; but were in turn defeated and killed by Beowulf, * See Traveller's Song. 1. 53. Thorpe however suggests, with great probability, that Hunlafing may only be the name of the sword with which Hengest was killed: according to the usual practice of the Saxons in naming their weapons, thus Hrunting. Nægling, &c. 1 Id. l. 62. + Id. 1. 59. and Wihstán, who espoused the cause of Eadgils. By the hand of Wihstán, Ohthere's son, Eánmund is particularly recorded to have fallen. The sons of Ohthere are called Hereric's nephews, and the whole race were Scylfings, among whom Hróðgár's sister was married. These with the Franks,* once only mentioned; the Gifðas; the Wioings; the Wends, from among whom Wulfstán came into Hróðgár's service; the Brondings, § whose king Brecca fought with Beowulf, and who lived in Ramesey; the Brentings; the Wylfings, (the Ylfingar of Hrolf-Kraki's history, and the Helga-quid. Hund. i. 5. Edd. Sæm. vol. ii. p. 57, and from whom sprang Sigurþr Fafnisbani); are the only races named in Beowulf. Hermanaric, (Eormanríc) || the Ostro-Goth is introduced incidentally, 1. 2402, as well as Hama, by whom he was slain, the Ammius of Jornandes. cap. xxxiv. The whole story, hinted at in the Edd. Sæm. vol. ii, p. 240. Sigurp-quid. iii. 59. is told, at length, by Johannes Magnus, Lib. vi. c. 26. (p. 223 of the Roman folio,) and by Saxo, p. 157. Lib. viii., and may possibly have had some historical foundation, though it is quite impossible from the dates, that the daughter of Gudrun, Sigurþr's and afterwards Ættli's (Attila) wife, could have been married to Hermanaríc. Brósinga mene (m), of which this prince was possessed, and the Norse Brísíngr men (n), the well known attribute of Freya, (Edd. * See Traveller's Song. 1. 47. + Id. 1. 119. The Id. 1. 16, 175. |