pursue any farther. The Knights, on their return home, promise Queen Hilde to revenge the death of the King, and to deliver her daughter from the ravishers, as soon as the loss of men sustained in the last battle can be supplied by the growing up of the youth. 19. Meantime the enemy arrive with their booty in their own country. Nothing can induce Chautrum to break her faith to Herwig, and give her hand to Hartmuth, who himself disapproves of the harshness of his parents to Chautrun. 20. Gerlinde, Hartmuth's mother, condemns Chautrum to the mean service of washing the clothes of the knights on the sea shore. 21. After a lapse of thirteen years, the Hegelingians arm to execute the revenge which they had sworn. A large army, under the command of Horant, sails to Normandy. 22. Ortwein and Herwig, the brother and bridegroom of Chautrum, re solve to go on shore as spies. 23. Chautrum learns by a vision that her deliverance is at hand. 24. Chautrum, and her friend Hildeburg, speak on the set-shore to the strangers, without being known, till at length Herwig, having shewn them his bridal ring, recognises his affianced bride by hers. The two knights return to their army, which is still concealed. Chautrum, animated by noble pride, throws all the clothes into the sea. For this Gerlinde orders that she shall be punished with rods. But, confiding in the certainty of her deliverance, and to escape the painful punishment, she promises to give her hand to Hartmuth. 25. Early in the morning the army is put in motion, in profound silence. King Ludwig perceives the standards in the twilight, 26. and Hartmuth names to his father the Princes, whose standards he recognises; he arms himself with all speed. Battle. 27. Herwig kills Ludwig; Hartmuth is separated from the rest of his army. An assassin, hired by Gerlinde, has already lifted his sword against Chartrum, when Hartmuth, who is combating with Wate, hears her voice, and saves her by calling in a threatening voice to the murderer. For this, Herwig, at Chautrum's request, saves the life of his rival in his combat with Wate. 28. Wate takes the castle, and sits in judgment on the guilty. Gerlinde, and Heregart, one the women who had been carried off, and had united herself with Hartmuth's cupbearer, are executed. Horant of Tenneland remains with Chautrum and the prisoners, in the conquered castle; while Wate subdues all the fortresses in the country, and plants every where Hilde's standard. The Hegelingians return home: only Horant remains behind, as governor of the country. 29. Hilde receives her people, on their return. Hartmuth obtains his liberty at the request of Chautrun, and of his sister Ortun, on his promise not to escape. A fourfold marriage, of Ortwein with Ortun, Herwig with Chautrum, Hartmuth with Hildeburg, and Seyfried with Herwig's sister, is resolved upon, 30. and solemnized in the most splendid manner. Hartmuth returns with his consort, Hildeburg, to his own country, which Horant gives up to him of again. At the conclusion, Ortwein and Herwig vow to each other eternal friendship. M. Primisser, keeper of the Imperial Cabinet of Medals and Antiquities, and also of the "Ambras Collection," believes this Poem to have been unknown till the discovery of this MS. in the collection under his care, not being able to discover any mention of it. He intended to publish it, but we are not informed whether he has yet done so, nor whether any other MS. of the Poem has since been found. ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. THE CHRONICLE OF EUSEBIUS. As the Literary Gazette was the first Journal in this country which gave information respecting this important work, we have peculiar pleasure in adding the following account. The persons who are charged with the Milanese edition of the celebrated Chronicle of Eusebius of Cesarea, partly inedited, had resolved to publish simultaneously the two books of which it is composed. For this reason alone, instead of distributing separately the first book, which has been printed several months, they preferred hastening the printing of the second; and though this part of the work presents much more serious difficulties, it would have been finished now if the health of the Editors had not several times obliged them to relax in their labours. Meantime the remonstrances of the subscribers have become numerous, and it has been determined to send forth the first book by itself, which is also the inedited and most important part of the work. The second part, which will soon follow the first, will contain, besides the second book of the work, the preliminary discourse of the Editors, an index, which is very necessary in a Chronology, a table of errata, and other matters relative to the work. The first (inedited) book, which is now to be distributed, is only a succinct and chronological ancient history, compiled by Eusebius, with extracts from numerous works, of which we have but a very few left. After an introduction, the author gives the Chaldæan history, taken principally from Berosus, Apollodorus, and Abidenus, writers who are quoted by Alexander Polyistor. We find next what Diodorus, Castor, and Cephalion, had related of the Assyrians. The treatise on the origin and vicissitudes of the Jewish people from Adam to the Advent of Our Saviour, is classical and diffuse. Eusebius then gives us, after the testimony of Manetho, the series of the ancient dynasties of Egypt to Alexander the Great; that of his successors in Egypt, down to Cleopatra and Augustus, follows a very careful narrative of the historian and philosopher Porphyry. From the Oriental history we proceed to that of the Greeks, beginning with that of the Sicyonians, Argives, and Athenians, taken from Castor, and accompanied by catalogues of their Kings, and of their Archons. We next find the little book of the Olympiads, down to the 249th, taken from Cassius, Longinus and Flegontes. Then follows the history of the Corinthians, the Lacedemonians, and other people, who obtained the dominion of the sea, which the author has drawn from Diodorus. We then find the history of the Macedonian monarchy, before and after Alexander, borrowed from Porphyry. To the same historian belongs all that we are told of the Asiatic and Syriac dynasty: but the narrative of the events concerning Thessaly precedes; it is an historical piece, which Scaliger, to his great regret, considered to be absolutely lost. Lastly, we find the history of the first Romans, compiled from the works of Dyonisius Halicarnassus, Diodorus, and Castor. In this Editio Princeps is the Latin translation of the Armenian text, from which the work is taken; at the bottom of the pages are placed the copious Greek fragments of Eusebius, which the Editors have collected in several ancient authors. They have also added philological, critical, and explanatory notes; however they have thought it proper not to exceed certain limits, and the first book, notwithstanding the abundance of its contents, is only 220 pages. LEARNED SOCIETIES. OXFORD, JANUARY 9. Congregations will be holden for the purpose of granting Graces and conferring Degrees, on the following days in the ensuing Term; viz.-Thursday, Jan. 14, Thureday 28; Thursday, Feb. 11, Saturday 20; Thursday, March 11, Thursday 18; Saturday, April 3. Mr. J. S. and Mr. P. B. Duncan, Fellows of New College, have lately presented to the Anatomical Theatre, in this University, some very beautiful wax models, formed with so much accuracy as even to supersede the necessity of having recourse to the human body for anatomical instruction and experiment. They were purchased in Florence by these Gentlemen. No. 1. Is a full-grown Human Female, in which are represented the following points; namely, the whole of the Absorbent System; the Viscera of the Thorax, of the Abdomen, and of the Pelvis, together with the Arteries and Veins belonging to them; the Brain and its Membranes; and numerous Muscles of the Head and of other parts of the Body. No. 2. Two Models representing Sections of the Human Head, together with six smaller models-the whole completely illustrating the Anatomy of the Eye, with its Nerves and Blood-vessels. Nos. 3 and 4. Two models representing with minute accuracy, not only the external form and character, but also the whole of the interior anatomy of the male and female Cray-fish. ARTS AND SCIENCES. SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANIES. METEORIC IRON IN NORTH AMERICA. The northern Esquimaux lately visited by Captain Ross, were observed (as we have had occasion previously to state) to employ a variety of implements of iron, and upon inquiry being made concerning its source by Captain Sabine, he ascertained that it was procured from the mountains about 30 miles from the coast. The natives described the existence of two large masses containing it. The one was represented as nearly pure iron, and they had been unable to do more than detach small fragments of it. The other, they said, was a stone, of which they could break fragments, which contained dallglobules of iron, and which they hammered ont between two stones, and thus brmed them into flat pieces, about the of half a sixpence, and which, let into a tate handle, side by side, form the edges of their knives. It immediately occurred to Captain Sabine that this might be metearic iron, but the subject was not further attended to till specimens of the knives hed Sir Joseph Banks, by whose desire Mr. Brande examined the iron, and found ait more than three per cent of Nickel. This, with the uncommon appearance of the metal, which was perfectly free from rust, and had the peculiar silvery whiteness of meteoric iron, puts the source of the pecimens alluded to out of all doubt. The que mass is probably entirely iron, and too hard and intractable for their management; the other appears to be a meteoric stone, staining pieces of iron, which they sucreed in removing, and extending upon a slese anvil. Some experiments upon the power of an er of iron with nickel to resist rust, and on its fitness for delicate cutting instrumeats, are now in progress. TEMPERATURE BELOW THE EARTH'S SURPACE. There are some curious observa1438 made by Mr. Lean, inserted in the Pailosophical Magazine, upon the increase of temperature in descending into the earth, and they show this increase to go on to the repth of 200 fathoms, the lowest situation which the temperature was taken; for stance, observed in December 1815, at the surface, and at successive depths, inasing by 20 fathoms, the temperatures were as follows: 50°, 57°, 61°, 63°,5, 64°, 1,700, 720, 70°, 74°, 78°. -The temperaare taken in the air in summer and winter a few degrees, even to the lowest Cepths, but always increased on descendIt was probably also affected by the ramen, &c. but by immersing the thermometer into streams of water issuing from The sides of the shafts and galleries, it was wn that an effect was produced indeendent of that cause. The water at mobrate depths was cooler than the air, but at wer situations became as warın; at 100, was 64°, air 66°; at 120, 68°, air 70-at 140, 72, air 720-at 200, 78°, air 78° also. CHANGE OF THE COLOUR OF THE SKIN. unassuming and distinguished individual A very particular account of this pheno- from whose pencil it came. It is a pleasure menon has been published by Dr. Emery to us to add, that it has surpassed rather Bissel, of Clinton, New York, in the Trans- than disappointed our hopes and expectaactions of the Medico-Physical Society. It tions. occurred in a man of the Brotherton tribe of Indians, who is now ninety years of age, and has gradually been becoming white for the last thirty years. The first appearance of this change was soon after an attack of acute rheumatism, in a small white patch near the pit of the stomach, and shortly after other spots appeared of the same colour, and gradually increased in size. He was at first alarmed, and endeavoured to remove them by remedies, but produced no effect, and soon desisted, and the change has continued going on irregularly ever since, the original colour remaining only on the forehead, and fore part of the face and neck, with a few small patches on the arm. The skin which has become white, is of a fine clear tint, and has nothing of a dull earthy appearance, nor of the livid hue observed in Albinos. It is more delicate to sensations of heat and cold than before, and likewise very tender, for the parts bleed much when cut or lacerated, and heal with difficulty; the perspiration is rather less than in the other parts. The man affirms he has never suffered under any cutaneous disease, except the itch, and that but twice, and also that he was a very dark Indian. MOIREE METALLIQUE. - The Marquis Ridolfi has suggested a modification of this ornamental material, which consists in sketching flowers, figures, or other designs, upon the tin plates, with pale or coloured varnishes, before they are dipped in the acid bath. The figures are, of course, left with the original appearance of the tin, and may be brought out in great perfection; they may be made by laying on leaf gold or silver, the latter metals with the varnish defending the surface of the tin covered with them from the acid. THE FINE ARTS. or SIR JOHN LEICESTER'S GALLERY. wied plan, that The subject is the Rape of Europa, who is represented on the back of the Bull; in the midst of waters, surrounded by seanymphs, satyrs, and other mythological beings; and looking with too late alarm at her removal from the paternal abodes of Agenor. The canvas is (we speak by guess from the view) six or seven feet in length, by five or six in breadth, and the whole is filled with the action, except a small portion of Landscape on the left of the spectator, executed in a grand manner. The composition and grouping seem to us to be admirable, and the colouring is truly that of Titian. Yet it is not touched into miniature perfection: the masses are bold, broad, and glowing. With all the charms of the Venetian School, there is not one of the puerilities or instances of bad taste which so often disfigure even the noblest efforts of the ancient masters. This quality, en passant, is a grand thing gained by modern art, and the general light of the age and of science has redeemed this exquisite branch of refinement from the risk of repeating such grossnesses and littlenesses as we so often see where we most lament their appearance. But what strikes us most forcibly as the chief merit of Mr. Hilton's performance, is the motion which he has almost absolutely communicated to his figures. They all look as if they would speedily vanish from our sight, through the side of the frame. Nothing can surpass this-it is the doing of genuine feeling and supreme talent. With regard to minor beauties, we might state that the flesh of Europa is in an exquisite tone, the animal elevated and characteristic, the management of the light and shadow clever without being mean or artificial, and the inferior actors a combination of as many various, graceful, and poetical forms, as have been often witnessed in a single picture. Upon the whole, though we bestow so warm a panegyric upon this production, we are assured that no amateur who sees it will think we have exceeded the bounds of justice. It is, in truth, one of the very ablest works of our day, and we have much pleasure in describing so transcendent a proof of talent by a young British Artist. MR. LUKE CLENNELL. This unfortunate Artist, a native of Morpeth, in Northumberland, and known to the world as an eminent Engraver on Wood, as well as a Painter of no ordinary talent, has furnished one of those cases of human distress and misery, which calls for the sympathy and the aid of every friend to forlorn genius. In the midst of a prosperous career, with fortune "both hands full" smiling on every side, -munificently treated by the British-Institution, employed on an important work by the Earl of Bridgewater (a picture of the Fete given by the City of London to the Allied Sovereigns,) and with no prospect but that delightful one of fame | Kisses and looks voluptuons; and they quaffed At mid day iced waters which had grown more impressive it must be. The wretched Were the print a allad-top we should not need to recommend it, as we do spontaneously; but even as a work of art, it would merit encouragement, unsupported by the melancholy circumstances of our statement, which appeal so irresistibly to every feeling bosom. ORIGINAL POETRY. [Literary Gazette.] AN ARABIAN SONG. Suggested by ANTAR's exquisite Song quoted in I love thee, Ibla! -Thou art bright But the snow is poor, and withers soon, Fine is thy shape as the Erak's bough, But the bough of the Erak in winter dies, Thy hair is black as the starless sky, And clasps thy neck as it lov'd its home; Farewell! farewell!-yet of thee, sweet maid, And when I return, with a Chieftain's name, [AMICUS.] A RECOLLECTION OF THE VISIT OF VATHEK They took their way (Vathek and his young The sweet Nouronikar) through summer fields But these days passed by: That lay upon the marble, like to things towers Countless and sky-touching ("Whose architecture was unknown amidst The stars now shone anew; and right against stood Towards the stupendous capitals (which seemed Traversed a scene of luxury and woe; Voluptuous odours steamed, whose breath was sweet As hers whom story fabled once the queen stalked Figures like men-all silent-with despair Upon a globe of fire sate Eblis: He A portion of his fire)-and on their souls hate The dwarfed Indian, grinning like a fiend: are come To see the Prince of morning: ye deserve At last they saw Vathek." [By Correspondents.] O, wretched Italy! on whom blind fate From whence thou feel'st, thro' all thy hapless state, The bitter portion of eternal woe. Hadst thou a face less fair, or bolder heart, I should not now behold the hostile band flood, Nor Gallic hordes o'erspread thy conquer'd land trees And where the dark pines talked to solitudes; blood. Thy kiss is sweet, but cannot call That all the quickening beams of love To rear one shoot of hope again. Yes,-doubt me not, -I loved thee well, Within an interval of two months, music and the Academy have lost two of the most ebrated composers who have illustrated France and Italy, namely, Paesiello and Meowizny. What a singular contrast between these two great masters, whether we ssler them with reference to their priVate or professional lives! Paesiello, concerning whom I last year addressed the Indrate, & fostered in the bosom of the great 300l of Italy, inundated Europe with his merable productions, occupied for the are of fifty years all the voices of fame, eppeared, even after death, to pursue at glory, of which during his life he had insatiable. Monsigny, a stranger to vols, his own instructor rather than the paal of the few masters destitute of talent A reputation under whom he studied, cated a genius which he would fain have extivated for himself alone; and became, were, in spite of his inclination, celewed in the musical world, without ever ting Paris, where he shone only for a years, like those meteors which blaze moment to disappear for ever. ast we attribute this striking diversity the mere accidental dispositions of the *derstanding and the temper? May we account for the peculiar conduct and flourished?-for music was at that time | He was born in 1729, at Fauquemberg, Young Monsigny was sent to the Jesuits' College at St. Omer, where his natural passion for music soon became manifest. A college education does not, as is generally supposed, confine the mind of the student within a single and uniform circle of instruction. Certainly a common education cannot be perfectly in relation with the different dispositions suited to every state of society; but at all events, it serves to keep the mind awake, to open it to the various impressions which may present themselves, and it is rare indeed that it does not seize that which is best suited to its powers. This was the case with young Monsigny when he quitted his studies. The carillon, or Chimes of St. Bertin's Abbey, first served to develop the genius which he had received from nature; and the Carillonneur, a man of more talent than his profession required, was his first master. But recrea tion was the sole object of his musical pur- other occupations. The loss of his father, joined to the low In the army, a young man is more likely to ruin than to enrich himself; and though of Monsigny's talent by the we of his genius and his educa-glory may lead to fortune, yet that glory -his situation in the world, and cannot be speedily acquired. More prompt state of public opinion at the time he Ser account of the proceedings of the Instion the day on which this notice was read, mury Gazette, 31st of October last. *See Literary Gazette, Jan. 24th and 31st, resources were requisite to enable M. de rarely happens that those who enter upon it do not get rich, especially at a time when the State is getting poor; and such was the case at the period alluded to. Thus finance was regarded in a very important light; and by its places and numerous ramifications was the means of restoring many decayed families. M. de Monsigny soon met with lucrative employment, of a nature no way dishonourable or incompatible with delicacy. Agreeble in his person, as well as by his talent, he was received in the most flattering way into the best society. He gained many friends, who took a warm interest in his welfare. One of his brothers entered the army, where he died a Knight of St. Louis; the rest procured appointments in the Colonies, and a suitable provision was made for his mother and sister. Whilst he was thus promoting the welfare of his relations, he did not neglect his own advancement, that is to say, his progress in music, his natural passion for which daily increased. He made choice of an excellent violin master; and Gianotti, a counter-violin player of the Opera, gave him lessons in composition, which finished the work begun by Nature. It is evident that he brought to Paris, not only the taste but the genius for music, for he was ena bled to appreciate the low state to which the art was still reduced at the theatres, in spite of all the efforts made by Duni and Philidor to improve it. The Opera Comique was then in its infancy, and the obstacles which the customs of the age opposed to that style of composition must still be in ecollection; it was the constant object of the derision of Voltaire, which indeed it richly merited in a dramatic point of view. Nothing can be more insipid, both to the understanding and the taste, than those sketchy pieces, when the music does not finish off the traits, fill up the void, and complete the whole. Such, however, was the state of the grand Opera, notwithstanding all the science of Rameau. We are assured that when Monsigny heard Rameau's music for the first time, he was struck with astonishment; but his astonishment was of a different kind from that which La Bruyére had experienced in the preceding century, on hearing the Operas of Lully. The music, according to Monsigny, expressed nothing but tedium. I should like, said he to his friends, to try another style. notw In 1752, an Italian, company performed at Paris some of the compositions of Pergoleze, Jomelli, &c. This was, in fact, the first lesson in melody received by ears hitherto almost insensible to its charms. Monsigny did not need instruction, but the example proved serviceable to his plan of establishing a new style of dramatic music. His financial avocations occupied but little of his time, still less of his attention, a.d afforded him ample leisure for pursuing those studies which were most congenial to his taste. He secretly employed himself in composing a comic opera, with no other object than to endeavour to introduce more melody in the instrumental parts, and more | bours to agree together. In France, where | from the further extremity of the empire expression in the singing than had been attempted by other composers of the day. His task being completed, he shewed it to some of his friends, and wished to have the advice of Gianotti, his master. Gianotti, amazed at what his pupil had done, immediately proposed that they should exchange characters, and begged that he would give him the score of the Opera with permission to get it represented under his name, observing, that it would certainly make his fortune. Monsigny would readily have resigned it, for he had all the disinterested ness of a man who seeks to acquire neither money nor reputation by his talent. But unfortunately for Gianotti, all the airs of the Opera were known to the friends of Monsigny, so that had the latter given it up, he could not have renounced the title of composer, which in this case was all that was valuable. In 1758, this first production of Monsigny was performed at the theatre of La Foire, under the title of Les Aveux indiscrets. The success which the Opera obtained, proved a triumph to the drama and to music, rather than to the composer, who remained anonymous. But this success eanboldened him to advance still further on the road which he had opened. In 1760, he produced Le Maitre en Droit, Le Cadi dupé, and successively On ne s'avise jamais de tout, Le Roi et le Fermier, Rose et Colas. Every one urust feel the charm of those Operas in which the composer, always inspired by Nature, and drawing the beauties of his art from their very source, founds the expression of his songs on the simple and true accent of each passion, of each sentiment, studied in the language of the soul and of the voice; -a truly origi Such are the immense stores of provisions collected at this Christmas mart, that, even by a moderate calculation, they are estimated at upwards of two thirds are consumed during the five succeeding winter months. of what To form some notion of this singular spectacle, the reader must picture to himself from fifteen to twenty thousand oxen, frozen and piled up in heaps, and some genuine Comedy is formed on so perfect a to find purchasers, which their home con- tion of talent, and in every style of writing nal model for the artist, an inexhaustible observed, that the poet should have the model; but, like every other, it has its fair sides and principal points of view, which are seized by the first observer, and when once seized, the succeeding student has no alternative but to make inroads on truth for the sake of novelty, or to fall short of it by disregarding Nature, except in copies. These works commenced the revolution of taste: to them the Theatre de la Foire was indebted for becoming a regular theatre under the name of the Comedie Italienne, and the Opera Comique was established. Previously to this period, what was styled a comic Opera, was for the most part a wretched Comedy, prolonged by songs devoid of melody. It was a species of Vaudeville, in which music, far from being the principal spring of the dramatic entertainment, was scarcely an indifferent auxiliary. If the drama possessed either interest or wit, a song was unseasonably introduced to interrupt the one or destroy the other; and alternately, the majority of the audience in the pit thought the piece one half too long:some came for the sake of the music, and others for the sake of the Comedy. genius of the musician for whom he writes. a share in the (To be concluded in our next.) SKETCHES OF SOCIETY. CHRISTMAS AT ST. PETERSBURGH AND At Christmas, the Russians lay in their Monsigny enjoyed the honour, if not of concluding, at least of preparing the union of these two interests, which, like two bor- is held on the ice of the Neva, where enordering powers, seem to be too near neigh-mous quantities of provisions are brought hundred thousand sheep rising in pyramids on the ice. The interstices are filled up by millions of poultry, whose beautiful plumage gives variety to the scene. The poultry and game are arranged in festoons and wreaths, whilst the uniformity is broken by piles of eggs, fish, and fruits. From whence comes this immense quantity of provisions, is a reflection which naturally arises, after the surprise of the first coupd'œil. The answer is, from all quarters of the Russian empire: the veal from Archangel, 250 leagues distant; the poultry from Cassan; the fish from the Dwina or the Volga, at a distance of between 3 and 400 leagues. Such is the facility of communication during the winter season, that in spite of the enormous distance between the various places of production and the market, the price of provisions is extremely moderate; a pound of beef costs about threepence, a pound of mutton twopence, a goose fifteen rice. This a hare the same price. pence, and The Russians maintain a very extensive trade at Moscow; but all trade, instead of being, as in other European cities, scattered through various parts of the town, is here confined within one particular quarter, called the Khitai Gorod, where the Exchange is situated. This place is inhabited entirely by merchants, and is divided into sections, each of which is destined to a particular branch of trade. All retail trade is carried on in the Khitai-Gorod. The residences of the merchants are separate from their warehouses, and frequently at a great distance from them. In the morning they go to their warehouses, where they remain all day, and in the evening return to their families. This custom seems to have been borrowed from the Asiaties, for it is mentioned by traveliers as a characteristic mark of Eastern trade. Another singularity, peculiar to the trade of Moscow, is the market for houses, which is held in an immense open place, dependent on one of the suburbs of Moscow There the purchaser may obtain either a house, or part of a house, by describing what will suit him. The builders always keep an abundance of patterns and pieces of timber ready to be put together, so that a house is fréquently built in the short space of a weck, notwithstanding the ting |