riad, Denarius, Tartarus, Abyss, and Hades, are translated and not adopted in our Bible: but his translation is greatly to excel ours in this respect, and be much purer English. He promises to adopt none, but translate all. After this, would you expect to hear me say that he had actually adopted the whole of them, even those which our Bible translates? Yet such is the fact!

In one case, he copies Doddridge, concerning "the martyrs of Jesus," though in another he alters Doddridge's martyr into witness. Angel is a Greek word anglicised; he therefore rejects it utterly, and always uses the word Messenger for it. Archangel also is a Greek word transcribed, and might just as properly be rendered Prime-messenger: yet this word he uniformly adopts. Myriad is a Greek word anglicised, and when used in connexion with angels, is rendered, by Macknight, "ten thousands of angels." My opponent's incomparable alters this into "myriads of messengers." How wonderfully this elucidates the subject! But in the Appendix he tells us that such improvements are made, that the scriptures may be "more intelligible to common readers, whose edification," says he, "we have su premely in view." Some common readers, however, are so stupid, that they would think this improvement worth very little more than a pair of leather spectacles. Besides copying Doddridge in transferring the word mystery, and Macknight, in transferring the word schism, he holds fast to this adopted word twice, even where Macknight translates it; in one of which instances he justifies himself by the authority of Dr. George Campbell, who first taught him to condemn such transcríptions. The Dr. and his incomparable disciple. sometimes translate blasphemy and blaspheme, though poorly enough: yet at other times both the noun and the verb are adopted by them. As for DeVOL. V. Ch. Adv.

narius, I believe they uniformly transfer it: although our American dime is a coin of the same value, and would, (in our country at least,) afford a good translation. He has adopted Euroclydon, although he knows that Levanter is a translation familiar to the commercial world. To be more intelligible to common readers, he has adopted Tartarus, instead of translating it hell, as our Bible does. In one instance now before me, he follows Dr. Campbell in transferring the word abyss, where our Bible translates it the deep, notwithstanding their censures against it for transferring instead of translating. In other cases he copies Doddridge's abyss; besides which, he translates it the deep with Macknight, and the bottomless pit, with Doddridge. In relation to another word of similar import, my opponent says, "There being no one word in our language which corresponds to the term hades, he [Dr. George Campbell] is obliged to retain and explain it." He at the same time says, "We [Mr. Alexander Campbell] have uniformly followed his method in the books which he did not translate." That is, the word hades is never translated, but always retained in his New Testament. This he does in despite of Macknight's grave and Doddridge's hell, and his unseen world; yet in this last translation my opponent actually copies Doddridge in three places, notwithstanding his promise uniformly to retain hades after Dr. Campbell's example. From these instances we may conclude that when he promises to adopt, he will be sure to translate, and when he abuses our translators for adopting, he means to adopt twice as much as they have done.

(To be continued.).

BRITISH REVIEWS.

It is known to some of our readers, that in the last No. of the British 2 L

Quarterly Review, an article is inserted which contains some severe animadversions on the character, conduct and views of the American missionaries, at the Sandwich Islands. It so happened that this review came to our hands while we had the pleasure of having for our guest the Rev. Charles Samuel Stewart, whose private journal has appeared in our pages, and who was then engaged in obtaining contributions in Philadelphia, to aid in sending out a reinforcement to the Sandwich Island mission, under the direction of the American Board of Commissioners. We considered this as a favourable occurrence in Providence; as Mr. Stewart was able, from personal knowledge, to expose at once, to those with whom he conversed, the misrepresentation of facts made by the writer of the article to which we have referred. Mr. S. also engaged to furnish us with some written remarks on the subject, which we fully expected to insert in the present number of our miscellany. But his numerous and pressing engagements have compeiled him to delay his communication till the coming month, when our readers may expect that the unfairness of the British reviewer will be set in a proper light.-We have good reason to believe that what that reviewer has given to the world as a letter from the Sandwich chief, BoKI, is in substance a forgery; and we rejoice that Mr. Ellis in England, as well as Mr. Stewart in the United States, will be able, and we doubt not disposed, to vindicate the sacred cause of missions, in the islands of the Pacific Ocean, against the malignant attacks of its enemies, some of whom appear to us to hate these missions because they are evangelical, and others because, at the Sandwich Islands, they are

American.

The Eclectic Review is conducted by men who appear to love the truth as it is in Jesus, and to regard their Christian brethren in

America with no hostile feelings. From that Review, we insert the following article, which appears to be written with candour, and which contains some general information that we think will be gratifying to all the friends of missions, and especially to those who take a lively interest in what has occurred at the Sandwich Islands. Yet even in this review there are two errors, which we deem it of some importance to correct. The first relates to the recently deceased monarch of the islands, the unhappy Riho-Riho. He is represented as chargeable only with occasional intemperance. Eye-witnesses, we are sorry to say, have assured us that he was what we should call a confirmed drunkard; that is, he was, not unfrequently, for days together, in the most pitiable state of extreme ebriety-besotted and helpless. When not disguised by liquor, all agree that he was an amiable, able, and well disposed prince; an accomplished gentleman in his manners, and devoted to the promotion of his people's happiness. The second error of the reviewer relates particularly to Mr. Bingham. It is said "strange things are intimated respecting Mr. Bingham and his fellow missionaries; we wish, most sincerely, that Mr. Ellis were on the spot. His intelligence and moderation might prevent much mis chief." Now we do not wish that Mr. Ellis were on the spot to which the reviewer refers, but rather rejoice "most sincerely" that he is "on the spot" in England,-able and ready, we are confident, not only to vindicate the American missionaries from the slanders of their enemies, but to correct the misapprehensions of their real friends. He and the American missionaries, when they were toge ther, acted in perfect concert. His experience and counsel were doubtless of great use, and we do not believe that his advice has been de parted from, since he left the islands. It may be that in some

particular instance Mr. Bingham has not acted in the best possible manner; but he is unquestionably an able, judicious, prudent, and devoted missionary; and the intimation that the presence of Mr. Ellis, or of any other European individual, is necessary to "prevent much mischief," does great injustice-not voluntarily we are satisfied-to the American missionaries. But we forbear-The remarks of Mr. Stewart, in our next number, will bring the truth before our readers, more clearly and fully than it can be stated by us.

Voyage of H. M. S. Blonde to the Sandwich Islands, in the Years 1824, 1825. Captain the Right Hon. Lord Byron, Commander. 4to. pp. 270. Price 21. 2s. London.

1827.

Notwithstanding its more imposing exterior, this is a book very inferior, in point of quality, to the highly interesting volume recently published by Mr. Ellis. It is, in fact, only supplementary to its precursor; and the additional details that it supplies, might have been advantageously compressed within the limits of a moderate-sized appendix. They understand these things, however, better in Albemarle-street than they do in "the Row;" and the same matter which, in octavo, would only be deemed worthy of a chapter, claims, in quarto, the accommodations of a volume; while the decorations which seem quite insignificant on the humbler scale, bid defiance to criticism when exhibited in the ultra proportions of a folded sheet. But we are anticipating; and, as we shall presently have to make specific comment on these particulars, we shall first dispose of the preliminary question, by endeavouring to ascertain the positive and comparative value of the information communicated in the work before us.

In our review of Mr. Ellis's vo

lume, we gave such a general account of its contents, as will supersede the necessity for a minute analysis of Lord Byron's Voyage. It will, indeed, better suit the desultory character of the present narrative, to extract from it some of its more attractive details, than to follow it consecutively. The story is, on the whole, agreeably told, though with an occasional affectation of fine writing and sentimental reflection, that is singularly out of place when associated with a sailor's log-book, and the expressive simplicity of his vocabulary.

Our readers are aware, that, after a series of rulers, concerning whom nothing certain or important is recorded, the chieftainship of Owhyhee devolved on Teraiopu, the Tereeoboo of Cook. He was succeeded by Kevalao, the Teamawheere of Vancouver; a tyrant whose pride was so excessive as to prompt him to visit with death the offence of any one of the lower order, who, between sunrise and sunset, should even inadvertently look upon the hallowed person of the Eree-tabu, the sacred chief. The celebrated Tamehameha was cousin to this worthy legitimate, and held the independent sovereignty of a section of the island. He was not a man to crouch before a despot, nor was Kevalao likely to brook pretensions to equality; and they were soon at deadly feud. The final and decisive contest, which lasted seven days, terminated in the death of Kevalao, and the elevation of Tamehameha, who ultimately made himself master of the whole of the Sandwich Isles. This extraordinary man seems to have been of the first order of intellect. He neglected nothing. Notwithstanding his comparative power, he was aware of his inability to defend his people against European vexations or encroachment, and, with a view to guard against all contingencies, he made a formal cession of his dominions to the King of Great Britain; an act

which has been confirmed by his successors, and, as it should seem, accepted by our cabinet. After having consolidated his power, and established a profitable and extensive system of commerce, he died in May, 1819, leaving his office to his son Iolani, or Riho Riho, a young man of good intentions, but of strong passions, and ambitious of power and distinction. He has been represented as addicted to drinking, but, from this charge, he is defended by the Editor of the present volume, who denies the habit, and extenuates the occasional excess, by an emphatic reference to the delinquencies of nobles and princes among ourselves. His first measures exhibited the boldness and decision of his character. The prompt extinction of rebellion by placing himself unguarded in the hands of its leader, that he might overcome it by argument and remonstrance, rather than by arms; the suppression of idolatry; the removal of the arbitrary, and oppressive disqualifications that placed females in a state of degradation; all these were the acts of an enlightened and determined spirit. Nor were these things hastily or rashly done. Riho Riho took counsel, and was aided by the sanction and example of his most powerful chieftains. His visit to England, too, appears to have been neither a capricious nor an unadvised step. Independently of his reasonable curiosity to witness the circumstances of European society, and the sources of that power which extended its signs and influences so far from its centre, he was anxious to arrange a permanent understanding with the government of Great Britain, and to obtain a formal and authoritative recognition of the alliance between the protected and protecting nations. With these views, he embarked in an English merchant vessel, commanded by a Captain Starbuck, an American, to whom dishonesty and intrigue are very unequivocally im

puted. He refused to receive on board, as interpreter, the English missionary Ellis; and his dealings in money transactions are represented as the very reverse of honourable. It is suggested, that he might have in view more important objects, and that, if circumstances had favoured his machinations, he intended ultimately to inveigle his passengers to America, and there to stipulate for the session of one of the Sandwich islands, "in exchange for the liberty of returning to their kingdom." He had taken care to lighten the stock purse of the party very seriously; and he probably calculated, that when the remainder had been dissipated in England, they would be at his mercy for a passage back. He would then have conveyed them to the United States, and accomplished the rest of his purpose in his own way.

"When Riho Riho embarked, he had

taken twenty-five thousand dollars on board with him. Captain Starbuck, who took on himself to regulate the king's expenditure, alleged that three thousand had been spent during their short stay at Rio Janeiro, a certain number on the road from Portsmouth to London, and these were the only sums he could account for; although, when the cash chests belonging to the king were opened at the Bank of England, little more than ten thousand dollars were found."

It is stated, that the merchants of the United States are very desirous of obtaining a port in the Pacific, and that one of the Sandwich Islands would be well suited to their purpose. It is, moreover, broadly intimated, that the American missionaries at Owhyhee are intriguing for an influential share in the general political administration. However all this may be, the Captain's designs, if they were mischievous, were cut short by the intervention of the British Government, who, very wisely and humanely, appointed a guardian to Riho Riho and his suite, paid them every attention, and, when the lamentable deaths of the young king and queen had put

an end to all their speculations, sent home their remains with royal honours.

The behaviour of the whole party is described as exemplary, while in this country. They examined every thing with a curiosity eager but not rude; and, when they were introduced to an assembly of rank and fashion, invited by Mr. Canning for the purpose of meeting them, if any of the "well-dressed mob" had anticipated amusement at the uncouth behaviour of the savages, they were disappointed at finding,

"that not the slightest embarrassment or awkwardness was displayed by them, and that the king knew how to hold his state, and the erees to do their service, as well as if they had practised all their lives in European courts."

They were delighted with Westminster Abbey; the music affected them much; and when Riho Riho was informed that the ancient kings of England lay buried in Henry the Seventh's Chapel, he paused on the steps, and refused to enter. The place, he said, was "too sacred.” He was taken to Covent Garden theatre; and much gratification was expressed when he learned that the royal box had been fitted up expressly for his reception. The whole party were averse to regular hours for meals; they ate when they were hungry, and could not learn the habit of adjusting the appetite to particular hours.

"Their greatest luxury was oysters, of which they were particularly fond; and one day, some of the chiefs having been out to walk, and seeing a grey mullet, instantly seized it and carried it home, to the great delight of the whole party, who, on recognising the native fish of their own seas, could scarcely believe that it had not swam hither on purpose for them, or be persuaded to wait till it was cooked before they ate it."

The closing scenes were extremely affecting. One of the suite, who had been left on board in charge of the baggage, having landed at different places in the river, had caught the measles, and communicated the

infection to the king and queen.The former was affected violently, but not alarmingly: the latter exhibited the most dangerous symptoms.

"No hope remaining of the queen's recovery, her husband was apprized of her danger. He caused himself to be immediately placed in his arm-chair and wheeled to her apartment; when, being lifted embraced her affectionately, and they upon her bed and placed by her side, he both wept bitterly. He then dismissed the attendants, and they remained for some time alone together. Till then, the king was supposed to be recovering; but it was understood, that at this mournful interview, these young people had agreed that one should not survive the other. At five o'clock, he desired to be conveyed to his own bed, where he lay without speaking, and the queen died about an hour after he left her; that is, about six o'clock in the evening of the 8th of July, 1824.

"Liliah, whose dutiful and affectionate behaviour to her friend and mistress had been most exemplary, now took charge of her body, and disposed it after the the waist, leaving also the ancles and manner of her country, unclothing it to feet bare, and carefully dressing the hair and adorning it with chaplets of flowers. The king now desired the body might be brought into his apartment, and laid on a small bed near him; that being done, he sat up looking at it, but neither speaking nor weeping. The medical attendants observed, that the state of Riho Riho was such as to render it highly improper to keep the queen's body near him, and it. was therefore proposed to him to allow it to be taken away; but he sat silent, and answered no one, only by gestures showing that he forbade its removal. At length, after much persuasion, and then leaving him to himself for a time, he suddenly made signs that it might be taken away; which was accordingly done,and the queen was again placed on her own bed. From this day the king's disorder rapidly increased; the loss of the queen decided his fate his spirits sank, his cough increased, and he himself declared he should not long survive. On the day of the king's decease, he was supported by pillows, and said little, but repeated the words, I am dying, I am dying within the curtains of the bed, one of the chiefs sat continually, with his face towards the king, and his eyes fixed on him, in conformity, as they said, with their native

customs."

It was much regretted by the king