Underhill, Vt. Chittenden co. The head branches of Brown's river water this town. The surface is hilly and broken, and the soil hard; but tolerable for sheep, of which a considerable number are reared.

Underhill was first settled in 1786. It lies 15 miles N. E. from Burlington, and 26 N. W. from Montpelier. Population, in 1830, 1,052.

Union River, Me.

It

Waldo co. This is a flourishing farming town, 33 miles N. E. from Augusta, 22 W. S. W. from Belfast, and bounded S. W. by Albion. It is well watered by a branch of Sebasticook river, which passes N. W., about 9 miles distant.

Unity was incorporated in 1804. Population, 1837, 1,520. Wheat crop, same year, 11,099 bushels.

Unity, N. H.

Sullivan co. This town is bound

Hancock co. The head waters of this river proceed within a few miles from the Passadumkeag. flows south through the towns of Hampton, Amherst, and Mariaville: it meets the tide water at Ellsworth, and passes to the ocean by Blue Hill bay. This stream has numerous tributaries, the recip-ed N. by Claremont and Newport, ients of a great number of ponds, which are scattered over the interior parts of the county. This beautiful river is in some parts gentle and fertilizing, in other parts rapid, producing a valuable water power for mills. Its length, from Ellsworth, is between forty and fifty miles.

Union, Me.

Lincoln co. This pleasant and flourishing town is watered by Muscongus and St. George rivers, and by several beautiful ponds. The soil is fertile, and the surface generally swelling.

E. by Goshen, S. by Lempster and
Acworth, and W. by Charlestown.
It is 43 miles W. by N. from Con-
cord, and 9 S. from Newport.

Little Sugar river has its source in Whortleberry pond and Beaver meadow, in the N. part of the town, passes through its centre, and empties itself into the Connecticut at Charlestown. Gold pond, the head of Cold river, is partly in this town. From Gilman's pond, in the E. part of Unity, proceeds a branch of Sugar river, flowing through Newport. Perry's mountain is in the S. W. part, and partly in Charlestown.

Union was incorporated in 1786. It is 28 miles S. E. from Augusta, and 7 N. by W. from Warren. Pop-grazing. ulation, 1837, 1,750. Wheat crop, same year, 4,249 bushels.

Union, Ct.

Tolland co. The surface of Union is hilly, with a hard and unproductive soil. Mashapaug and Breakneck ponds, lying in this town, are the principal sources of

Unity is an uneven township, but the soil is highly favorable for It is excellent for flax, few towns in the state producing a greater quantity.

It

Unity was granted in 1764. was called Unity, from the happy termination of a dispute which had long subsisted between certain of the inhabitants of Kingston and Hampstead, claiming the same tract of land under two different grants.

The first settlement was made in 1769. Population, 1830, 1,258.

Upton, Mass.

Worcester co. Upton was taken from Mendon, Sutton and Hopkinton, in 1735. The surface of the town is plain land, and partly rough and hilly, with a strong soil capable of yielding good crops of grain and hay. Much attention has been paid to fruit trees in this town, and many fine orchards of various kinds of fruit have been the result. West river, a branch of the Blackstone, rises from a pond in Upton, and furnishes a power for a number of mills. The manufactures consist of woolen goods, boots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets, sashes and blinds: annual value, about $175,000.

This pleasant town lies 35 miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 15 S. E. from Worcester. Population, in 1830, 1,155; 1837, 1,451.

hand

Uxbridge, Mass. Worcester co. This very some and flourishing town lies 40 miles S. W. from Boston, 17 $. by E. from Worcester, and 24 N. N. W. from Providence, R. I. It receives an excellent water power from Mumford and West rivers, and the Blackstone canal passes through it.

The manufacturing villages are delightfully situated, in valleys surrounded by picturesque elevations. There are 5 woolen and 3 cotton mills in the town, and manufactures of yarn, straw bonnets, boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinet and tin wares: total value, the year ending April 1, 1837, $402,450.

Uxbridge was formerly a part of Mendon. It was incorporated in 1727. Population, 1830, 2,086; 1837, 2,246. Iron ore is found here, and an abundance of beautiful granite.

Vassalborough, Me.

and flourishing town on the east side of Kennebec river, 12 miles N. by E. from Augusta. There are several large and beautiful ponds in the town, from which issue two excellent mill streams: one a branch of the Sebasticook, the other of the Kennebec.

This is a place of considerable interior trade, and business on the river. Vessels of considerable burthen pass to the ocean from Vassalborough, by means of the Kennebec Dam.

The valleys are very pleasant; and the surface and soil of the town varied and fertile. Vassalborough was incorporated in 1771. Population, 1837, 2,929. Wheat crop,

same year, 10,272 bushels.

Vergennes, Vt.

Addison co. Vergennes was first settled in 1766. The territory, which comprises an area of 480 by 400 rods, was invested with city privileges in 1788. It lies 12 miles N. W. from Middlebury and 21 S. by E. from Burlington. Population, 1830, 999. Vergennes is beautifully located on Ötter creek, at the falls on that stream, and is 7 miles from Lake Champlain. Otter creek, at this place, is about 500 feet wide, and, at the falls, is separated by two islands, which form 3 distinct falls, of 37 feet. These falls produce a great hydraulic power, rendered more valuable by being situated in the heart of a fertile country, and on the navigable waters of the lake.

The creek or river, between the city and the lake, is crooked, but navigable for the largest lake vessels. During the late war, this was an important depot on the lake. Here was fitted out the squadron commanded by the gallant McDonough, who met the British fleet off Plattsburgh, N. Y. on the 11th of September, 1814, and made it his.

This is a very favorable position Kennebec Co. This is a large | for ship building: it now possesses

The people of the territory now called the state of Vermont, having been connected with New York, and having experienced great dissatisfaction with their connexion with that state, assembled in convention and on the 15th of January, 1777, declared themselves independent, and organized a government for themselves.

The hardy mountaineers, who had become impatient under their connexion with and dependence on the great state of New York, in pursuance of their own peculiar views of the rights and duties of a free and independent people, adopted many singular and peculiar provisions in their constitution. Some of them are herein stated.

Their government consists of three parts; the legislative, the executive, and the judicial.

The Supreme Legislature consists of a Senate and House of Representatives, chosen annually by the freemen of the state, on the first Tuesday of September. The Senate consists of 30 members; each county being entitled to at least one, and the remainder to be apportioned according to population. The House of Representatives is composed of

one member from each town. The Senators are to be thirty years of age; and the Lieutenant Governor is ex-officio President of the Senate. The body so chosen is called THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF VERMONT. The General Assembly meets annually on the second Tuesday of October. They have power to choose their own officers, to meet on their own adjournments, to terminate their sessions at pleasure; to enact laws, grant charters, to impeach state criminals, &c. And, in conjunction with the council, they annually elect the Justices of the Supreme, County and Probate Courts; also the Sheriffs, High Bailiffs, Justices of the Peace, &c.; and, when occasion requires, they elect Majors and Brigadiers General. The General Assembly have full and ample legislative powers, but they cannot change the constitution.

The supreme executive power is vested in a Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and twelve Counsellors, chosen annually by the people on the first Tuesday of September. They meet at the same time with the General Assembly, prepare and lay before them the business apparently necessary; examine the laws in the progress of legislation, and approve or disapprove of them, and propose amendments. They cannot negative any act of the General Assembly, but can suspend the operation of any act till the next annual meeting of the Assembly. They commission all officers; sit as judges in all cases of impeachment; have power to grant pardons and remit fines in all cases, excepting in cases of murder and treason, in which cases they can grant reprieves till the next legislative session, and excepting also cases of impeachment. They may lay embargoes for thirty days, when the assembly is not in session.

The General Assembly, in joint meeting with the Governor and Council, annually elect the Judges, Justices of the Peace, Sheriffs, High Bailiffs, &c.

The Governor is Captain-General, but he cannot command in person, unless by advice of his council. The Lieutenant Governor is Lieutenant General of the forces.

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and Court of Chancery, a County Court in each county, consisting of one of the Justices of the Supreme Court, and two Assistant Justices; a Probate Court in each District; and Justices of the Peace, who have a limited criminal and civil jurisdiction.

The Judges of Probate appoint their own Registers, and the Sheriffs and High Bailiffs appoint their own deputies.

The several Town Clerks are Registers of deeds of conveyance of lands in their respective towns; and if there be no town clerk, the deeds shall be recorded in the County Clerk's office.

A council of 13 Censors is chosen by the people once in 7 years, on the

last Wednesday of March, and meet on the first Wednesday of June following. Their duties are, to inquire if the constitution has been violated; if the legislature, &c. have performed their duty; if the taxes have been justly levied and collected; and if the laws have been obeyed. They may pass public censures; order impeachments; recommend the repeal of laws; propose amendments in the constitution, and call conventions to act on them. Their power expires in one year after their election.

Succession of Governors.

Thomas Chittenden, 1791-1796. Isaac Tichenor, 1797-1806. Isra el Smith, 1807. Isaac Tichenor, 1308. Jonas Galusha, 1809-1812. M. Chittenden, 1813, 1814. Jonas Galusha, 1815-1819. Richard Skinner, 1820-1822. C. P. Van Ness, 1823-1825. Ezra Butler, 1826, 1827. Samuel C. Crafts, 1828-1830, William A. Palmer, 1831-1835. Silas H. Jenison, 1836

Succession of Chief Justices.

Samuel Knight, 1791-1793. Isaac Tichenor 1794, 1795. Nathaniel Chipman, 1796. Israel Smith, 1797. Enoch Woodbridge, 1798–1800. Jonathan Robinson, 1801-1806. Royal Tyler, 1807-1812. Nathaniel Chipman, 1813, 1814. Asa Aldis, 1815. Richard Skinner, 1816. Dudley Chase, 1817-1820. C. P. Van Ness, 1821, 1822. Richard Skinner, 1823-1828. Samuel Prentiss, 1829. Titus Hutchinson, 1830-1833, Charles K. Williams, 1834

The state is bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by New York. Situated between 42° 44′ and 45°N.Latitude, and 73° 16′ and 71° 20′ W. Longitude.

Vermont is divided into 14 counties, to wit: Bennington, Windham, Rutland, Windsor, Addison, Orange, Chittenden, Washington, Caledonia, Franklin, Orleans, Lamoille, Essex and Grand Isle. The population of the state in 1790, was 85,539; 1800, 154,465; 1810, 217,895; 1820, 235,764; 1830, 280,657. This state contains an area of about 10,212 square miles. Population to a square mile, in 1830, was 274. The number of sheep in the state, in 1837, was 1,099,011.

The important enterprise of a rail road from Boston to the outlet of the great lakes, on St. Lawrence river, will doubtless be accomplished. An enterprise of this kind, well worthy the consideration of the intelligent citizens and capitalists of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont, will greatly benefit those states, and make the capital of New England a powerful competitor with New York, for a large portion of the immense northern and western trade.