rated, 1753. Population, in 1837, 1,545. This is a pleasant town, and flourishing in its trade and navigation. New Castle, N. H., Rockingham co., is a rough and rocky island, situated in Portsmouth harbor, and formerly called Great Island. A handsome bridge, built in 1821, connects this town with Portsmouth. Here is an ancient church, Rev. Samuel Moody preached here previous to the commencement of the 18th century. New Castle was incorporated in 1693, and contains 458 acres. This island was the seat of business, when ancient Strawberry Bank was the mere germ of the town of Portsmouth. Fishing is here pursued with success; and the soil among the rocks, being of good quality, is made to produce abundantly. Fort Constitution and the light-house stand on this island. Population, 1830, 850. New Fairfield, Ct. Fairfield co. This is a small township, rough and hilly, with a hard and gravelly soil. It lies 64 miles S. W. from Hartford; and 7 N. from Danbury. Incorporated, in 1740. Population, 1830, 940. New Durham, N. H. Strafford co. The surface of this town is very uneven, a portion so rocky as to be unfit for cultivation. The soil is generally moist, and well adapted to grazing. There are 5 ponds in New Durham, the largest of which is Merrymeeting pond, about 10 miles in circumference, from which a copious and perpetual stream runs into Merrymeeting bay, in Alton. Ela's river flows from Coldrain pond into Farmington, on which is a fine waterfall. The Cocheco also has its source here. Mount Betty, Cropple-crown and Straw's mountains are the principal eminences. On the N. E. side | | of the latter is a remarkable cave, the entrance of which is about feet wide and 10 feet high. The outer room is 20 feet square; the inner apartments become smaller, until at the distance of 50 feet they are too small to be investigated.The sides, both of the galleries and the rooms are solid granite. They bear marks of having been once united, and were probably separated by some great convulsion of nature. There is a fountain, over which a part of Ela's river passes, which is regarded as a curiosity. By sinking a small mouthed vessel into this fountain, water may be procured extremely cold and pure. Its depth has not been ascertained. Near the centre of the town is Rattlesnake hill, the S. side of which is almost 100 feet high, and nearly perpendicular. Several other hills in this town contain precipices and cavities, some of considerable extent. New Durham was granted in 1749. It was incorporated Dec. 7, 1762. Elder BENJAMIN RANDALL, the founder of the sect of Free will Baptists, commenced his labors here in 1780, and organized a church. He died in 1808, aged 60. New Durham lies 30 miles N. E. from Concord, and 32 N. W. by N. from Dover. Population, in 1830, 1,162. Newfane, Vt. Windham co. County town.Newfane lies about 100 miles S. from Montpelier, and 12 N. W. from Brattleborough. First settled, 1766. The town is watered by a branch of West river, and several other streams. The surface of the town is diversified by hills and valleys; the soil is good, and produces white oak and walnut in abundance. There is but little waste land in the town: the uplands are inferior to none for grazing, and the intervales afford excellent tillage. Newfane exhibits a great variety of minerals, in the town. among which are some of value. Newfield, Me. New Gloucester, Me. It Cumberland co. This is a pleasant and flourishing farming town, 23 miles N. from Portland, and 38 S. W. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1774. Population, 1837, 1,861. is well watered by Royal's river, on which are mills of various kinds. The soil of the town is very fertile, containing large tracts of intervale. The first settlers were compelled to build a block house for their protection against the Indians. In this building the people attended public worship for a number of years. This town has an abundant water power, a school fund of $4,000, and a society of about 300 of those neat " whose and industrious people, It faith is one and whose practice is one." See Canterbury, N. H. York co. This town is watered by Little Ossipee river, and lies 99 miles S. W. by W. from Augusta, and 15 N. W. from Alfred. It is a good farming town and produces considerable wheat and wool. was incorporated in 1794. Popula tion, 1837, 1,322 NEW HAMPSHIRE. This state is bounded north by Lower Canada, east by Maine, southeast by the Atlantic and the State of Massachusetts, south by Massachusetts, and west and north-west by Vermont. Situated between 420 40 and 45° 16' N. lat., and 72° 27' and 70° 35' W. lon. Its length is 168, and its greatest breadth about 90 miles, and it comprises an area of about 9,280 square miles. The first discovery of New Hampshire was in 1614, and the first settlements made by Europeans were at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623, only three years after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. The next settlements were at Exeter and Hampton, in 1638. The inhabitants of these and all the early settlements, until after the cession of Canada to England by France, were greatly annoyed by the Indians, who existed in large and powerful bodies in this then wilderness. In the repeated and general wars with the Indians, New Hampshire suffered more than any other of the colonies. This colony was twice united with that of Massachusetts, and the final separation did not take place until 1741, when the boundaries of the two colonies were settled. In the revolutionary contest, New Hampshire bore a distinguished and honorable part. The blood of her sons was freely shed on most of the battle fields of the revolution. As early as June 15, 1776, New Hampshire made a publie DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, and in December of that year, the delegates of the people adopted a temporary form of Government, which was continued until 1784, when the first constitution was adopted. This being found deficient in some of its provisions, a new constitution was adopted in 1792, which is now in force. The executive power is vested in a Governor and five Counsellors, chosen annually by the people. The legislature consists of the Senate, comprising twelve members, chosen in twelve districts, and the House of Representatives, chosen annually in the month of March, every town having 150 rateable polls being entitled to send one, and an additional representative for every 300 additional polls. The legislature assembles annually at Concord, on the first Wednesday of June. All male citizens, of 21 years and upwards, except paupers and persons excused from taxes, have a right to vote for state officers-a residence of at least three months within the town being required to entitle the person to vote. The judiciary power is vested in a Superior Court of Judicature, and Courts of Common Pleas. The four Judges of the Superior Court, hold law terms once a year in each of the counties; and Judges of the Superior Court are ex officio Presiding Judges in the courts of Common Pleas, holden semi-annually in each county, by one of the Superior Judges with the two Associate Justices of the Common Pleas for each county. The Judges hold their offices during good behavior, until 70 years of age; but are subject to removal by impeachment, or by address of the two houses of the legislature. Succession of Governors. Meshech Weare,* 1776-1784. John Langdon, 1785. John Sullivan, 1786, 1787. John Langdon, 1788. John Sullivan, 1789. Josiah Bartlett, 1790-1793. John Taylor Gilman, 1794-1804. John Langdon, 1805-1808. Jeremiah Smith, 1809. John Langdon, 1810, 1811. William Plumer, 1812. John Taylor Gilman, 1813-1815. William Plumer, 1816-1818. Samuel Bell, 1819-1822. Levi Woodbury, 1823.David Lawrence Morril, 1824-1826. Benjamin Pierce, 1827. John Bell, 1828. Benjamin Pierce, 1829. Matthew Harvey, 1830. Samuel Dinsmoor, 1831-1833. William Badger, 1834, 1835. Isaac Hill, 1836 -1838. John Page, 1839 Succession of Chief Justices of the Superior Court. Meshech Weare, 1776-1781. Samuel Livermore, 1782-1789. Josiah Bartlett, 1790. John Pickering, 1791-1794. Simeon Olcott, 1795 -1801. Jeremiah Smith, 1802-1308. Arthur Livermore, 1809-1812. *The Chief Magistrates were styled President, until the adoption of the Constitution of 1792, when the title of Governor was substituted. Jeremiah Smith, 1813-1815. 1837. Joel Parker, 1838- William Merchant Richardson, 1816 New Hampshire is divided into eight counties, as follows: New Hampshire is more mountainous than any of her sister states, yet she boasts of large quantities of luxuriant intervale. Her high lands produce food for cattle of peculiar sweetness; and no where can be found the necessaries, conveniences, and luxuries of life, united, in greater abundance: cattle and wool are its principal staples. This state may be said to be the mother of New England rivers. The Connecticut, Merrimack, Saco, Androscoggin and Piscataqua, receive most of their waters from the high lands of New Hampshire: while the former washes the western boundary of the state 168 miles, the Merrimack pierces its centre, and the Piscataqua forms the beautiful harbor of Portsmouth, a depot of the American navy. These majestic rivers, with their tributary streams afford this state an immense water power, of which manufacturers, with large capitals, avail themselves. The largest collection of water in the state is Lake Winnepisiogee, (pronounced Win-ne-pe-sok'-e.) It is one of the most varied and beautiful sheets of water on the American continent. Lakes Connecticut, Ossipee, Umbagog, Squam, Sunapee, and Massabesick, are large collections of water, and abound with fish and fowl. New Hampshire is frequently called the Granite State, from the vast quantities of that rock found within its territory. The granite is of a superior quality, and much of it is quarried and transported to other states. The geological structure of the state is highly interesting. Iron and copper ore and plumbago, of excellent qualities, are found; and coal and other valuable minerals are supposed to exist. This state is also called the Switzerland of America, on account of the salubrity of its climate; its wild and picturesque landscapes; its lakes and rapid streams. The celebrated White Mountains, in the north |