CORN. What mean'st by this? KENT. To go out of my dialect, which you discommend so much. I know, sir, I am no flatterer : he that beguiled you, in a plain accent, was a plain knave; which, for my part, I will not be, though I should win your displeasure to entreat me to it ". CORN. What was the offence you gave him? STEW. I never gave him any9: It pleas'd the king his master, very late,

To strike at me, upon his misconstruction;

When he, conjunct', and flattering his displeasure,
Tripp'd me behind; being down, insulted, rail'd,
And put upon him such a deal of man,
That worthy'd him, got praises of the king
For him attempting who was self-subdu'd;

tionary, says this word means to flutter. I meet with it in The History of Clyomon, Knight of the Golden Shield, 1599:

66

By flying force of flickering fame your grace shall under

stand."

Again, in The Pilgrim of Beaumont and Fletcher:

"That hovers over her, and dares her daily;
"Some flickring slave."

Stanyhurst, in his translation of the fourth book of Virgil's Eneid, 1582, describes Iris

"From the sky down flickering," &c.

And again, in the old play entitled, Fuimus Troes, 1633 :

With gaudy pennons flickering in the air." STEEVens. Dr. Johnson's interpretation is too vague for the purpose. To flicker is indeed to flutter; but in a particular manner, which may be better exemplified by the motion of a flame, than explained by any verbal description. HENLEY.

8

though I should win your displeasure to entreat me to it.] Though I should win you, displeased as you now are, to like me so well as to entreat me to be a knave. JOHNSON.

9 Never any :] Old copy:

"I never gave him any."

The words here omitted, which are unnecessary to sense and injurious to metre, were properly extruded by Sir T. Hanmer, as a manifest interpolation. STEEVENS.

.

I conjunct,] Is the reading of the old quartos; compact, of the folio. STEEVENS.

And, in the fleshment 2 of this dread exploit,
Drew on me here again3.

KENT.

3

None of these rogues, and cowards,

But Ajax is their fool *.

CORN.

1

Fetch forth the stocks, ho!

You stubborn ancient knave, you reverend brag

2

KENT.

Sir, I am too old to learn:

fleshment -] A young soldier is said to flesh his sword, the first time he draws blood with it. Fleshment, therefore, is here metaphorically applied to the first act of service, which Kent, in his new capacity, had performed for his master; and, at the same time, in a sarcastick sense, as though he had esteemed it an heroick exploit to trip a man behind, that was actually falling. HENLEY.

3 Drew on me here.] Old copy:

"Drew on me here again." But as Kent had not drawn on him before, and as the adverb -again, corrupts the metre, I have ventured to leave it out. STEEVENS.

But Ajax is THEIR FOOL.] i. e. a fool to them. These rogues and cowards talk in such a boasting strain, that if we were to credit their account of themselves, Ajax would appear a person of no prowess when compared with them. Since the first publication of this note in my Second Appendix to the Supplement to Shakspeare, 1783, I have observed that our poet has elsewhere employed the same phraseology. So, in The Taming of the Shrew Tut, she's a lamb, a dove, a fool to him." Again, in King Henry VIII. :

66

now this mask

"Was cry'd incomparable, and the ensuing night
"Made it a fool and beggar."

The phrase in this sense is yet used in low language.

So, in The Wife for a Month, Alphonso says:

MALONE.

The experienc'd drunkards, let me have them all, “And let them drink their wish, I'll make them ideots.” M. MASON.

ANCIENT knave,] Two of the quartos read-miscreant knave, and one of them-unreverent, instead of reverend.

STEEVENS.

Quarto A, and quarto C, read miscreant; quarto B, ausrent; quarto A, reads unreverent. BOSWELL.

Call not your stocks for me: I serve the king;
On whose employment I was sent to you:
You shall do small respect, show too bold malice
Against the grace and person of my master,
Stocking his messenger.
*

CORN.

Fetch forth the stocks:

As I've life and honour, there shall he sit till noon. REG. Till noon! till night, my lord; and all

night too.

KENT. Why, madam, if I were your father's dog, You should not use me so.

REG.

Sir, being his knave, I will. [Stocks brought out.

CORN. This is a fellow of the self-same colour" Our sister speaks of:

stocks.

8

Come, bring away the

GLO. Let me beseech your grace not to do so: [His fault is much, and the good king his master Will check him for't: your purpos'd low correction Is such, as basest and contemned'st wretches, For pilferings and most common trespasses, Are punish'd with :] the king must take it ill†, That he's so slightly valued in his messenger, Should have him thus restrain'd.

* Quartos, stopping.

First folio, the king his master needs must take it ill.

6 Stocks, &c.] This is not the first time that stocks had been introduced on the stage. In Hick Scorner, which was printed early in the reign of King Henry VIII. Pity is put into them, and left there till he is freed by Perseverance and Contemplacyon. STEEVENS.

7 colour-] The quartos read, nature. STEEVENS.

8 His fault] All between the brackets is omitted in the folio. STEEVENS.

and CONTEMNED'ST wretches,] The quartos read-and temnest wretches. This conjectural emendation was suggested by Mr. Steevens. MALONE.

I found this correction already made in an ancient hand in the margin of one of the quarto copies. STEEVENS.

CORN.

I'll answer that.

REG. My sister may receive it much more worse, To have her gentleman abus'd, assaulted,

For following her affairs '.-Put in his legs.

[KENT is put in the Stocks 2.

Come, my good lord; away.

[Exeunt REGAN and CORNWALL. GLO. I am sorry for thee, friend; 'tis the duke's pleasure,

Whose disposition, all the world well knows,
Will not be rubb'd, nor stopp'd3: I'll entreat for

thee.

KENT. Pray, do not, sir: I have watch'd, and travell'd hard;

Some time I shall sleep out, the rest I'll whistle. A good man's fortune may grow out at heels: Give you good morrow!

GLO. The duke's to blame in this; 'twill be ill

taken.

[Exit. KENT. Good king, that must approve the common saw *!

4

I For following her affairs, &c.] This line is not in the folio. MALONE.

2 I know not whether this circumstance of putting Kent in the stocks be not ridiculed in the punishment of Numps, in Ben Jonson's Bartholomew-Fair.

It should be remembered, that formerly in great houses, as still in some colleges, there were moveable stocks for the correction of the servants. FARMER.

3 Will not be rubb'd, nor stopp'd:] Metaphor from bowling. WARBURTON.

4 Good king, that must approve the common saw, &c.] That art now to exemplify the common proverb, "That out of," &c. That changest better for worse. Hanmer observes, that it is a proverbial saying, applied to those who are turned out of house and home to the open weather. It was perhaps used of men dismissed from an hospital, or house of charity, such as was erected formerly in many places for travellers. Those houses had names properly enough alluded to by heaven's benediction. :

JOHNSON.

Thou out of heaven's benediction com'st
To the warm sun!

Approach, thou beacon to this under globe,
That by thy comfortable beams I may

Peruse this letter!-Nothing almost sees miracles3,
But misery;-I know, 'tis from Cordelia ";

The saw alluded to, is in Heywood's Dialogues on Proverbs, book ii. chap. v. :

"In your running from him to me, ye runne

"Out of God's blessing into the warme sunne.' TYRWHITT. Kent was not thinking of the king's being turned out of house and home to the open weather, a misery which he has not yet experienced, but of his being likely to receive a worse reception from Regan than that which he had already experienced from his elder daughter Goneril. Hanmer therefore certainly misunderstood the passage.

A quotation from Holinshed's Chronicle, may prove the best comment on it. "This Augustine after his arrival converted the Saxons indeed from Paganisme, but, as the proverb sayth, bringing them out of Goddes blessing into the warme sunne, he also embued them with no lesse hurtful superstition than they did know before."

See also Howell's Collection of English Proverbs, in his Dictionary, 1660: "He goes out of God's blessing to the warm sun, viz. from good to worse." MAlone.

Nothing almost sees miracles,] Thus the folio. The quartos read-Nothing almost sees my wrack. STEEVENS.

6- I know, 'tis from Cordelia; &c.] This passage, which some of the editors have degraded as spurious to the margin, and others have silently altered, I have faithfully printed according to the quarto, from which the folio differs only in punctuation. The passage is very obscure, if not corrupt. Perhaps it may be read thus:

"Of my obscured course, and shall find time

"From this enormous state-seeking, to give
"Losses their remedies-

Cordelia is informed of our affairs, and when the enormous care of seeking her fortune will allow her time, she will employ it in remedying losses. This is harsh; perhaps something better may be found. I have at least supplied the genuine reading of the old copies. Enormous is unwonted, out of rule, out of the ordinary course of things. JOHNSON.

So, Holinshed, p. 647: "The maior perceiving this enormous doing," &c. STEEVENS.