1. Define penmanship. How many kinds?

2. Define practical penmanship, ornamental penmanship. 3. How many movements are necessary in writing?

6. Analyze t, m, S, D.

7. How many forms are used in writing?

8. Name and define these forms.

9. What do you understand by a system of penman

ship?

10. What system do you teach?

11. Do you practice the system you teach?

12. How do you classify letters?

13. Into how many classes do you divide the alphabet?

14. Name the letters of each class in the order of their

relation.

15. By what are the letters of a class distinguished from each other?

16. What is a principle or type in penmanship?

17. How many different elementary marks are used in writing? Define them.

18. What is a characteristic in writing?

19. How many different types are required to construct the

alphabet?

20. Point out the types used in forming i, c, n, x, k, A, T,

W, D, G.

21. Point out the characteristics of the above letters. 22. Are the forms of letters ever varied or duplicated? 23. Name and make the forms.

24. In combining letters in words, how is their relation. shown?

25. Can all the small letters be made and combined without lifting the pen?

26. Write the word mixed.

27. What scale of proportions do you use for the lengths

of letters?

Widths?

28. How many different lengths of letters compose the

alphabet?

29. What name do you give to the shortest class? The longest? The middle?

30. Are there any exceptions to this classification by lengths?

31. Name and explain the exceptions.

32. What position do letters occupy with regard to the base

line?

33. What degrees of slant are used in writing? Illustrate them.

34. What is uniformity?

35. What is its application to writing?

36. Which is the most important in penmanship, uniformity or variety?

37. What is your rule for spacing letters, words, and sen

tences?

38. What is the difference between standard and current

capitals?

39. Which of the above should be taught first?

40. How many movements do you teach in writing?

41. Name and illustrate them. Which is the most em

ployed?

42. Which is the most free? Which is the most tireless?

43. Where should the arms rest in writing? The hands? The pen? The thumb?

44. Which side should be turned to the desk ?

45. How do you prevent pupils from bending their bodies in writing?

46. Do you teach shading? What are your rules for shading?

47. Do most practical writers shade?

48. How do you classify pupils in penmanship?

49. Do you teach any other subject during the writinghour?

50. How often, and how long at a time, do you give your writing lessons?

51. Do you like to teach penmanship?

52. What is the line of beauty?

53. Would you question your pupils daily upon the analysis

of letters?

54. Should writing in all cases be a daily exercise?

55. Give a rule for small letters.

56. What hour would you have for writing?

57. Are all the short letters of equal height?

Give the ex

ceptions.

58. By what principles are capital letters made?

59. Would you have a system of marking, by which every pupil may become his own critic, in writing exer

cises?

60. What is the object of shading?

61. Give your method of teaching pupils to hold the pen properly.

62. Define the muscular movement.

63. What is practically the most difficult step in the art of

writing?

64. Where should the shade be thickest upon the curves of capital letters?

65. What is the unit of measure of slant?

66. Should the spaces between letters be greater than between their parts?

67. Point out and analyze the lines of beauty in S and L.

Give

NOTE. The teacher should always study his pupils' difficulties in writing. Let the teacher write the copy as his pupils are trying to. Find out if possible the obstacles they have to encounter. Give your writing class as much attention as you do your Arithmetic, Geography, or Grammar classes. Make frequent use of the blackboard. them frequent exercises in movement. An interest of this kind on your part will soon awaken their perceptions, and when they once gain a true idea of the letters, a zest for writing is cultivated, and, instead of a task, writing becomes a pleasure.

CHAPTER IV.

ARITHMETIC.

(Principles.)

1. What is mathematics?

2. What is the basis of mathematics?
3. Define quantity; number; magnitude.
4. What is arithmetic? Define the term.

5. What does arithmetic embrace?

6. Define a principle; an axiom; a theorem; a demonstration; a problem; a solution; and a rule.

.7. What is a number? What a unit?

8. What is a concrete number?

9. What is an abstract number?

10. Give Newton's definition of number.

opinion of it?

What is your

11. What is a prime number? What a composite ?

12. What is the power of a number?

13. What is one, and what is the difference between a num

ber and a figure?

14. Upon what is the Roman notation founded?

15. What are the component factors of a number?

16. Give the difference between the simple and local value

of a figure?

17. When are numbers prime to each other?

18. What is the reciprocal of a number?

19. What is the difference between a common measure and

the greatest common measure?