have even the third-rate productions of either painting or sculpture, such as represenTM tations of mere beauty, even supposing that without evil we should have the materials and instruments necessary for those productions. If deformity had not existed, man could never have much delight in inanimate representations of beauty, or such a very lively sensé of living beauty, as to give himself any trouble to make similitudes of it.

Legislation, which is one of the noblest exercises of the human faculties, requiring the most profound aud extensive knowledge of the nature of man, is the produc tion of evil:

"Jura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est,
Tempora si fastosque velis evolvere mundi."

Geometry, which is so essential to the higher arts and sciences, is the child of

agriculture. Land would have been of no

value, and consequently never have been measured, if man were not condemned to draw therefrom his bread in "the sweat of his brow."

It is not until the human mind has been exercised by a variety of arts and sciences, that it begins to study its own powers: metaphysics, then, may be considered one of the later productions of evil• Nor could metaphysics have ever deserved the name of a science, if there never had been an opportunity of ascertaining its first. principles by observing the effect on the nature of ideas occasioned by privation of some of the senses.

In short, invention and industry are the children of necessity or evil, and are the parents of all the arts and sciences.

Physical evil is the foundation and bond of human society; an interchange of the means of supplying common wants will one

day connect together the whole family of mankind.

Perhaps the most angelic quality of man's nature is sympathy with sorrow that does not immediately affect himself: without evil, this quality could not have been developed, or, in other words, would never have existed. To evil, then, are owing not only the intellectual excellencies, but all the fine sensibilities of our nature. Without suffering evil, we could never experience the delightful offices of friendship; and a temporary separation from those we love in this world will no doubt give ineffable delight to our meeting with them where we shall never part.

Without sorrow, we could never know half the value of heaven's last best gift to

man :

Oh, woman! in our hours of ease
Uncertain, coy, and hard to please;

And variable as the shade

By the light quivering aspen made;
When pain and anguish wring the brow,
A ministering angel thou!" MARMION.

That Adam might fully appreciate the value of such a blessing, and the society of his species, he was first left in the dreariness of solitude to learn that "it was not good for man to be alone."

Democritus was so sensible that some suffering was necessary to give man enjoyment of happiness, that he declared he could not conceive a being more wretched than the man who had never known pain or sorrow. I hold this to be the most sub lime discovery that was ever made in the nature of the human species: the author of it scarcely needed Revelation to tell him, that" it is good for us that we have been afflicted."

The satisfaction of every want is a plea

sure, and every want is an evil. By our short residence in this world, in which "it is appointed unto all men once to die,” even eternity of existence, besides being the foundation of all other blessings hereafter, becomes the satisfaction of a wantof our "longing after immortality."

Thus evil is demonstrated to be the only source of all our pleasures, intellectual, sentimental, and sensual: in short, of all our happiness present and future; for, to repeat it once more, hymns of joy can give their utmost delight to those only who have known the moans of woe. Does not this, then, fully account for the cause of evil; and will any one believe, with Dr. Clarke and other divines, that God did not intend, before the creation of the world, all the evil that has ever occurred in it.

The tree whose fruit the protoplasts were commanded by God not to taste, is called