The contract and ceremony of marriage is the occafion of the denomination of relation of huf. band. Locker 2. The male of animals. Ev'n though a fnowy ram thou shalt behold, Prefer him not in hafte for husband to thy fold. Dryden. 3. An economift; a man that knows and practifes the methods of frugality and profit. Its fignification is always modified by fome epithet implying bad or good.Edward I. fhowed himself a right good bufband; owner of a lordship ill hufbanded. Davies.-I was confidering the shortnefs of life, and what ill husbands we are of fo tender a fortune. Collier. 4. A tiller of the ground; a farmer. $ ... Husband's work is laborious and hard. Hubberd's Tale. ---I heard a great busband say, that it was a com. mon error to think that chalk helpeth arable grounds. Bacon.HITTY In those fields The painful bufband, ploughing up his ground, If continued rain The lab'ring bufband in his houfe restrain, Dryden. To HUSBAND. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To fupply with an husband. Think you that I am no ftronger than my fex, Being fo father'd and fo bufbanded? Shak, If you shall prove This ring was ever her's, you fhall as eafy In my right, Shak. By me invefted, he compeers the best 2. To manage with frugality. It will be paftime paffing excellent, for good ufes; he is your ferving-man, and your husbandman. Shak.The mule being more swift than the ox, more ground was allowed to the mule by the husbandman. Shak. (1.) * HUSBANDRY. n.. [from husband.] 1. Tillage; manner of cultivating land. He began with a wild method to run over all the art of hufbandry, efpecially employing his tongue about well dunging of a field. Sidney. A Afk'd if in bufbandry, he ought did know, To plough, to plant, to reap, to fow. Hubberd's Tale. -Husbandry supplieth all things necessary for food. Spenfer Peace hath from France too long been chas'd; And all her bufbandry doth lie on heaps, Corrupting in its own fertility. Her plenteous womb Shak Shak. Expreffeth its full tilth and husbandry. There's husbandry in heaven: Shak. -You have already saved several millions to the public, and that what we afk is too inconfiderable to break into any rules of the strictest good husbandry. Swift, 3. Care of domestic affairs. Lorenzo, I commit into your hands The huftandry and manage of my houfe. Shak (2.) HUSBANDRY, (§ 1, def. 1.) is fynonymous with AGRICULTURE, though fome affect to make a diftinction. This important fubject is treated fyftematically, and at length, under the article RURAL ECONOMY. (3.) HUSBANDRY, VIRGILIAN. See VIRGILIAN. HUSEDONC, a town of France, in the dept. of Escaut, and ci-devant prov. of Austrian Flanders; miles SE. of Ghent. If thou be mafter-gunner, spend not all That thou can't speak at once; but bufband it, And give men turns of speech. Herbert.5 3. To till; to cultivate the ground with proper management.-A farmer cannot husband his ground, if he fits at a great rent. Bacon. HUSBAND LAND, a term ufed in Scotland for a portion of land containing fix acres of fock and feythe land; that is, of land that may be tilled with a plough, and mowen with a scythe. * HUSBANDLESS. adj. [from husband.] Without an husband.--- A widow, bufbandless, subject to fears; HUSENTZ, a town of Bohemia. HUSET, a town of Hungary, 24 miles E. of Mankaz. (1.) * HUSH. adj. [from the interjection.] Still; filent; quiet. As we often see, against some storm, A filence in the heav'ns, the rack stands still, The bold winds fpeechlefs, and the orb below As hub as death. Shak. Hamlet. (2.) * HUSH. interj. [Without etymology. Si, lence! but still! no noife ; The king hath done you wrong; but huh! Shak. 'its fo. There's fomething else to do; bush and be Yet can I not of fuch tame patience boast, As to be bafht, and nought at all to fay. Shak. It was my breath that blew this tempeft up, Upon your stubborn ufage of the pope; But fince you are a gentle convertite, My tongue shall bush again this ftorm of war," And make fair weather in your bluft'ring land. Shak ་. ..! " Speak foftly; Wilt thou then talk thus to me? Wilt thou then Calms ev'ry storm, and hushes ev'ry wind; Dryden. The court was bushed, and a whisper ran. Addifon. (2.) To HUSH. v. n. To be ftill; to be filent. This frown'd, that fawn'd, the third for fhame did blush; Another feemed envious or coy; Another in her teeth did gnaw a rush; But at these strangers presence every one did hush. Spenfer. (3.) To HUSH UP. v. a. To fupprefs in filence; to forbid to be mentioned. This matter is bufhed up, and the fervants are forbid to talk of it. Pope. *HUSH-MONEY.n. f. [hush and money.] A bribe to hinder information; pay to fecure filence. Adex'trous fteward, when his tricks are found, Hufkmoney fends to all the neighbours round; His mafter, unfufpicious of his pranks, Pays all the coft, and gives the villain thanks. Swift. (1.) * HUSK. n. f. [buldfth, Dutch, or buyfcken, from buys.] The outmost integument of fruits. Do but behold yon poor and starved band, And your fair fhew fhall fuck away their fouls, Leaving them but the fhales and busks of men. Shak. Moft feeds, in their growing, leave their husk or rind about the root. Bacon's Natural Hiftory.→ Thy food fhall be The fresh brook muffels, withered roots, and husks, Wherein the acorn cradled. Shak. Tempest. Fruits of all kinds, in coat Rough, or smooth rind, or bearded buks, or fhell, She gathers; tribute large! and on the board Heaps with unfparing hand. Milton. i: Some steep their feeds, and fome in cauldrons boil O'er gentle fires; the exuberant juice to drain, And fwell the flatt'ring buks with fruitful grain. Dryden. Some when the prefs Has drain'd the pulpous mass, regale their fwine With the dry refufe; thou, more wife, fhalt steep.. The bus in water, and again employ The pond'rous engine. Phillips. Barley for ptifan was firft fteeped in water till it fwelled, afterwards'dried in the fun,then beat till the busk was taken off, and ground. Arbuthnot on Coins. Do not content yourselves with mere words, left you feed upon husks instead of kernels. Watts. " - (2.) Husk is also the same with the calyx or cup of a flower. See CALYX, under BOTANY. HUSK, or COUGH, a difeafe to which young bullocks are fubject. In this diforder the wind. pipe and its branches are loaded with small taper worms. Farmers count the disease incurable; but fumigations with mercurials, as cinnabar, or with fœtids, as tobacco, might prove ferviceable. *To Husk. v. a. [from the noun.] To strip off the outward integument. HUSKED. adj. [from husk.] Bearing an bufk; covered with a husk. HUSKY. adj. [from buk.] Abounding in hufks; confifting of hufks. Moft have found A busky harveft from the grudging ground. Dryd. Shave the goat's fhaggy beard, left thou too late The husky terrene dregs from purer must. Phillips. (1.) HUSS, John, an eminent reformer and martyr, born at Hufs, in Bohemia. He lived at Prague in the highest reputation, both on account of the fanctity of his manners and the purity of his doctrine. He was diftinguished by his uncommon erudition and eloquence, and performed the functions of profeffor of divinity in the university, and paftor in the church of that city. He adopt ed the fentiments of Wickliff, and the Waldenses; and in 1407 began openly to oppose and preach against divers errors in doctrine, as well as corruptions in point of discipline, then reigning in the church. He also endeavoured to withdraw the univerfity of Prague from the jurifdiction of Gregory XII: whom the kingdom of Bohemia had hitherto acknowledged as the lawful head of the church. This occafioned a violent quarrel between the Abp. of Prague and our reformer, which the latter daily augmented by his pathetic exclamations against the court of Rome, and the corruptions that prevailed among the facerdotal order. Several other circumftances contributed to inflame the refentment of the clergy againft him. He adopted the philofophical opinions of the Realifts, and vehemently opposed, and even perfecuted the Nominalifts, whofe number and influence were confiderable in the university of Prague. He also multiplied the number of his enemies in 1408, by procuring, through his great credit, a sentence in favour of the Bohemians, who difputed with the Germans concerning the number of fuffrages which their respective nations were intitled to, in all matters decided by election in this univerfity. In confequence of a decree obtained in favour of the former, which restored them facility. They never encamp, and confequentis are not burdened with any camp equipage, except a kettle and a hatchet to every 6 men. They always lie in the woods, out-houses, or villages, in the front of the army. The emperor and the king of Pruffia have the greateft number of huffars in their fervice. HUSSEN, or HUYSSEN, a town of France, in the dep. of the Lower Meufe, and late bishopric of Liege, 4 miles S. of Stockem. HUSSINGABAD, a town of Hindooftan, in Candeifh, on the S. fide of the Nerbudda, 120 miles NE. of Burhampour. Lon. 77. 54. E. Lat. 22. 42. N. them to their conftitutional right of three fuffrages, ufurped by the latter, the Germans withdrew from Prague, and, in 1409, founded a new academy at Leipfic. This event no fooner happened, than Hufs began to inveigh with greater free dom than he had before done against the vices and corruptions of the clergy, and to recommend, in a public manner, the writings and opinions of Wickliff, as far as they related to the papal hierarchy, the defpotifm of the court of Rome, and the corruption of the clergy. Hence an accufation was brought against him, in 1410, before the tribunal of John XXIII. by whom he was folemn ly expelled from the communion of the church. Notwithstanding this fentence of excommunica tion, he proceeded to expofe the Romish church with a fortitude and zeal that were almoft univerfally applauded. This eminent man, whofe piety was equally fincere and fervent, though his zeal was perhaps too violent, and his prudence not always circumfpect, was fummoned to ap. pear before the council of Conftance. Secured, as he apprehended, from the rage of his enemies, by the fafe conduct granted him by the emperor Sigifmund for his journey to Conftance, his refi. dence in that place, and his return to his own country, he obeyed the order of the c council, and appeared before it to demonftrate his innocence. But, by the most scandalous breach of public faith, he was caft into prifon, declared a heretic, because he refufed to plead guilty against the dictates of his confcience, and burnt alive in 1415; 3 punishment which he endured with up paralleled magnanimity and refolution. The fame unhappy fate was fuffered by Jerome of Prague, his intimate companion, who attended the council to fupport his perfecuted friend. HUSSITES, in ecclefiaftical hiftory, a party of reformers, the followers of John Hufs. See Huss, N° 1. They adhered to their master's doctrine after his death with a zeal which broke out into an open war, that was carried on with the most favage and unparalleled barbarity. John Zifka, a Bohemian knight, in 1420, put himself at the head of the Huffites, who were now become a very confiderable party, and threw off the defpotic yoke of Sigifmund, who had treated their brethren in the moft barbarous manner. Zifka was fucceeded by Procopius, in the year 1424. 1 The acts of barbarity that were committed both fides were fhocking and horrible beyond expreffion: for notwithstanding the irreconcilable oppofition between the religious fentiments of the contending parties, they both agreed in this one horrible principle, that it was lawful to perfecute and extirpate with fire and fword the enemies of the true religion; and fuch they reciprocally held each other, Thefe commotions in a great meafure fubfided, by the interference of the council of Bafil, in 1433. See JEROME. John Hufs's writings, which were who were divided into two parties, numerous and learned, were burnt along with him; but copies of moft, if not all, of them, were preferved, and published after the invention of printing. (2.) Huss, a village of Bohemia, famous for being the birth-place of John Hufs. HUSSARS, the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia. Their regimentals confift in a rough furred cap, adorned with a cock's feather (the officers have either an eagle's or a heron's) a doublet, with a pair of breeches to which the ftockings are faftened, and yellow of red boots: they alfo occafionally wear a fhort upper waift. coat edged with furs, and five rows of round metal buttons; and in bad weather, a cloak. Their arms are a fabre, carbine, and piftols. They are irregular troops: hence, before beginning an attack, they lay themfelves fo flat on the necks of their horfes, that it is hardly poffible to difcern their force; but being come within piftol-fhot of the enemy, they raife themfelves with fuch furprifing quicknefa, and begin the fight with fuch vivacity on every fide, that, unless the enemy is accustomed to their method of engaging, it is very difficult for troops to preferve their order. When å retreat is neceffary, their horfes have fo much fire, and are fo indefatigable, their equipage fo light, and themselves fuch excellent horfemen, that no other cavalry can follow them. They leap over ditches, and fwim over rivers with furprising and Taborites, fpread over all Bo hemia and Hungary, and even Silefia and Poland; and there are remains of them still fubfifting in all these parts. HUSSU. See Hus. HUSSY...[corrupted from housewife: taken in an ill fenfe, A forry or bad woman; a worth lefs wench. It is often ufed ludicrously in flight difapprobation.-Get you in, huffy, go: now will I perfonate this hopeful young jade. Southern. (1.) HUSTINGS. n.. [bufting, Saxon.] A council; a court held. (2.) HUSTINGS is a court held in Guild-hall before the lord-mayor and, aldermen of London, and reckoned the fupreme court of the city. Here deeds may be inrolled, outlawries fued out, and replevins and writs of error determined. In this court alfo is the election of the lord-mayor and fheriffs, of the four members of parliament for the city, &c. This court is very ancient, as appears from the laws of Edward the Confeffor. Some other cities have likewife had a court bearing the fame name, as Winchefter, York, &c. * To HUSTLE. v. a. [perhaps corrupted from hurtle.] To shake together in confufion. HUSUM, a town of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick, and capital of the bailiwick of Hufum, with a strong citadel, and a very handsome church. It is feated on the river Ow, on the German Ocean, and is fubject to the duke of Holftein Gottorp. Lon. 9. 8. E. Lat. 54. 32. N. HUSWIFE. * HUSWIFE. n. /. [corrupted from boufeqvife.] 1. A bad manager; a forry woman. It is common to use housewife in a good, and hufwife or Auffy in a bad fenfe. Bianca, A hufwife, that, by felling her defires, Buys herself bread and cloth. 1. An economift; a thrifty woman. Why fhould you want? The bounteous bufwife, Nature, on each buff To HUSWIFE. 2. a. [from the noun. To manage with economy and frugality. But bufifing the little Heav'n had lent, She duly paid a groat for quarter-rent; And pinch'd her belly, with her daughters two, fubfcribing the ecclesiastical canons, an fhare 1. To bring the year about with much ado. Dryd. 2. Management of rural bufinefs committed to women. had raifed of the author, that lord Granville, then lord lieutenant of Ireland, fent his fecretary to ins quire at the bookfellers for the author; and when he could not learn his name, he left a letter to be conveyed to him, in confequence of which he foon became acquainted with his excellency, and Shak. was treated with distinguished marks of efteem. From this time his acquaintance began to be ftill more courted by men of diftinction in Ireland. Abp. King, author of the celebrated work, De origine mall, held him in great efteem; and the friendfhip of that prelate was of great ufe to him in fcreening him from two attempts made to profe cute him, for daring to take upon him the educa tion of youth, without having qualified himself by obtaining a licenfe from the bithop. He had alfo in the esteem of the primate Bolter, who through his influence made a donation to the university of Glafgow, of a yearly fund for an exhibitioner to be bred to any of the learned profeffions. A few years after his Inquiry, his Treatife on the Paffions was published. Both thefe works have been often reprinted, and always admired, both for the fen timent and language, even by those who have not affented to his philofophy, nor allowed it to have any foundation in nature. About this time he wrote fome philofophical papers, accounting for laughter, in a different way from Hobbes, and to human nature; which were publifhed in the collection called Hibernicus's Letters. After teaching in a private academy at Dublin for or 8 years, with great reputation and fuccefs, he was called, in 1729, to Scotland, to be profeffor of philofophy in the univerfity of Glafgow. Several young gentlemen came along with him from the academy, and his high reputation drew many more thither from England and IreTand. Here he spent the remainder of his life in a manner highly honourable to himself and ornamental to the university. His whole time was divided between his ftudies and the duties of his office, except what he allotted to friendship and fociety. A firm conftitution and pretty uniform ftate of good health, except fome few flight attacks of the gout, feemed to promife a longet life, yet he did not exceed his 53d year. He was married, foon after his fettlement in Dublin, to Mrs Mary Wilfon, a gentleman's daughter in the If cheel's in dante have Argus his eyes, Our wand'ring faints in woful ftate, Where dwelt a good old honeft yeoman, Swift. Thom on (2.) HUT. See ARCHITECTURE, $4. HUTA, a town of Lithuania, in Novogorod. HUTBERG. See HERRNHUT, No 1. * HUTCH. n.. [howacca, Sax. huche, Er A corn cheft.-The beft way to keep them, after they are threfhed, is to dry them well, and keep them in hutches or close casks. Mort. HUTCHESON, Dr Francis, a very elegant writer and excellent philofopher, the fon of a diffenting minifter in the N. of Ireland. He was born on the 8th Aug. 1694, and early difcovered a fuperior capacity. Having gone through the ufual at an icademy; whence he removed to the univerfity of Glafgow, where he applied himfelf to all branches of literature, in which his progrefs was fuitable to his uncommon abilities. He then returned to Ire. land, and was just about to be fettled in a fmall congregation of diffenters in the north of Ireland, when fome gentlemen about Dublin invited him to take up a private academy there. He had been fixed but a fhort time in Dublin, when his merits made him generally known; and his acquaintance was fought by men of all ranks, who had any tafte for literature. Lord vifcount Molefworth, and Dr Synge, Bp. of Elphin, lived in great friendfhip with him, and affifted him with their obfervations upon his Inquiry into the Ideas of Beauty and Virtue, before it came abroad. The first edition was publifhed, without the author's name; but fuch was the reputation of the work, and the ideas it him one fon, Francis Hutchefon, M. D. who publifhed, from his father's original MS. A fyftem of Meral Philofophy, in three books; at Glasgow, 1755, in 2 vols 4to. HUTCHINS, John, an English topographer, born at Bradford Peverell, where his father was curate, in 1698. He was educated at Baliol college, Oxford; and, having entered into orders, obtained feveral benefices, and at laft the rectory of Warcham, in 1743, where he died in 1773He wrote the History and Antiquities of the county of Dorfet, which was publifhed by fubfcription, in vols fol. with fuch a number of beautiful plate, that the price rofe foon after its publication from 2 to 4 guineas. HUTCHINSON, John, a philofophical writer, whofe opinions have made no inconfiderable noife in the world. He was born in 1674, ferved the duke vice Hutten had engaged, to fend him bound hand and foot to Rome. Hutten then withdrew to Brabant, and was for fome time at the court of the emp. Charles V. He afterwards went to Ebernburg, where he was protected by Francis de Sickengen, Luther's friend, and where he performed a very generous action. Having fucceeded to the family eftate, he gave it entirely up to his brothers, and even enjoined them not to remit him any money, or hold any correfpondence with him, left they should be involved in his perfecution. After this he devoted himself wholly to the cause of the reformation, which he laboured inceffantly to advance, both by his writings and actions. He died in Aug. 1523, in an island in the lake of Zurich. His Latin poems were publifhed at Francfort in 12mo, in 1538. duke of Somerset as fteward, and in the courfe of his travels employed himself in collecting foffils. When he left the duke's fervice, he made him his riding furveyor, a finecure place of 2001. a year, with a good houfe in the Meufe. In 1724 he pub lished the first part of his Mofes's Principia, in which he ridiculed Dr Woodward's Natural Hif tory of the Earth, and exploded the doctrine of gravitation established in Newton's Principia; in 1727, he published the fecond part of his Mofes's Principia, containing the principles of the Scrip ture Philofophy. From this time to his death, he published a volume every year or two; which, with the MSS. he left behind him, were published in 1748, in 12 vols. 8vo. An abftract of the whole has been published in 1 vol. 12mo. However fanciful or extravagant many may confider his views offcripture, they deferve very great attention. He difcovers great knowledge of the Hebrew language, of the eaftern hieroglyphics, and prophetical allufions; and his writings are the refult of intenfe tudy and application. He died Aug. 28, 1737. HUTCHINSONIANS, a name given to thofe who adopt the religious and philofophical opinions of J. HUTCHINSON, Efq. (See the laft article.) The reader may find a diftinct and comprehenfive fummary of the Hatchinfonian fyftem in a book entitled Thoughts concerning Religion, &c. printed at Edinburgh in 1743; and in a letter to a bishop, annexed to it, firft printed in 1732, and written by president Forbes. HUTESIUM. See HUE, § 2. HUTOW, a town of Lithuania, in Brzesk. HUTSCHNIZ, a town of Bohemia. HUTTANY, a town of Hindooftan, in Vifiapour, 30 miles SSW. of Vifiapour. Lon. 75. 6. E.. Lat. 17. 5. N. HUTTEN, Ulric DE, á gentleman of Franconia, of uncommon parts and learning, born at Seckenburg, the feat of his family, in 1488. He ftudied at Fulda, in 1506, and took the degree of M. A. at Francfort on the Oder; after which he went into the imperial army, and was at the fiege of Padua in 1509, where he gave proofs of his courage. Having publifhed feveral poetical pieces which were much admired, the emp. Maximilian 1. upon his return to Germany in 1516, beftowed on him the poetical crown. His coufin John de Hutten, court-marshal to Ulric, duke of Wirtemberg, having fuffered the fate of Uriah (being murdered by the duke for the fake of his beautiful wife), our foldier-poet gave vent to his vengeance, not only by his pen, in fatirizing the duke in various poems, letters, orations, and dialogues (collected and printed at Steckleburg in 1519, 4to.), but alfo by his fword; for the duke being impeached before the diet of Augfburg, for this and other crimes, and a league being formed against him, Hatten engaged heartily in the war. About 1520, the doctrines of Luther having now made fome noife, Hutten employed his pen in defence of that great reformer, and published Leo the Xth's bull against him, with fuch comments as placed the pope in a moft ridiculous point of view, and exafperated him so much, that he wrote to Albert elector of Mentz, in whofe military ferVOL. XI. PART II. HUTTENHEIM, a town of Franconia. (1.) HUTTON, Charlotte, a moft extraordinary genius of the prefent age, youngest daughter of Dr Charles Hutton of Woolwich. She was born in 1778, and was only 16 years of age, when the died by the rupture of a veffel in her lungs, on the 24th Dec. 1794. Yet in that short period the had acquired more learning and knowledge, than many perfons do who live to fourfcore. She knew feveral languages, and almost all sciences in a confiderable degree; and had acquired a knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geography, aftronomy, mufic, drawing, poetry, hiftory, botany, and gardening, befides all the ufual female accomplishments in a fuperior degree and ftyle. Moft of these were acquifitions chiefly made by her own talents and energy of mind, with little or no affiftance from others. It was fufficient for her once to fee or hear any thing done. She foon made it her own. She was her father's amanuenfis and affiftant upon all occafions; fhe wrote for him, and read to him in all languages and sciences; the made drawings for him of all kinds, aftronomical, mathematical, mechanical, &c. She arranged and managed his library, and knew where every book tood, fo that he could find them even in the dark. She was author of several ingenious compofitions and calculations. She extracted the fquare roots of moft of the fecond 1000 numbers, to 12 places of decimals, and proved the truth of them, by means of differences; arranging the whole in a table fit for publication. She drew elegant geographical maps, and only the ad day before he died, began and completed the whole hemifphere of the earth. In compofition, whether epiftolary or fcientific, her ftyle was excellent. In the midst of all these literary acquifitions, fhe was fo active in family affairs, that he was no lefs ufeful to her mother, in her domeftic concerns, that to her father in his fcientific bufinefs. To all these qualifications, she added uncommon goodness, affability, chearfulnefs and sweetnefs of difpofition, which made her as much beloved, as her extraordinary talents and acquirements made her admired. (2.) HUTTON, a parish of Scotland, in Berwickfhire, 4 miles long from E. to W. and 3 broad. The climate is dry and falubrious. The foil is partly a deep loain, and partly thin, on a strong clay. It is watered by the Tweed and the WhitAaaa tader, |