(2.) HORUS APOLLO. See HORAPOLLO.! HORZITZ, and two towns of Bohemia, in HORZIZKA, Konigingratz. Koningingratz. (1.)* HOSANNÁ. n. S. [ógawa.] An exclamation of praife to God. Through the vast of heav'n It founded, and the faithful armies rung Milton. -The public entrance which Chrift made into Jerufalem was celebrated with the bofannas and acclamations of the people. Fiddes's Sermons. (2.) HOSANNA, in the Hebrew ceremonies, was a prayer rehearsed on the feveral days of the feaft of tabernacles; thus called, because there was frequent repetition therein of the word www, i. e. fave us, we pray. There are many of thefe hofannahs. The Jews call them hofchannoth; i. e. the hofannahs and flyle them bofanna of the firft day, bofanna of the fecond day, &c. according as they are rehearsed. (3.) HOSANNA RABBA, or GRAND HOSANNA, is a name given to the feaft of the tabernacles, which lafts eight days; becaufe, during the courfe thereof they are frequently calling for the aflifance of God, the forgiveness of their fins, and his bleffing on the new year; and to that purpofe they make great ufe of the hofchannoth above mentioned.-The Jews alfo apply the term hosanna rabba more peculiarly to the 7th day of this feast, because they more immediately on that day invoke the divine bleffing, &c. HOSCHIUS, Sidronius, a jefuit, who was born at Marke, in the diocefe of Ypres, in 1596, and died at Tongres in 1653. He wrote fome elegies and other poems in Latin with great purity and elegance. * HOSE. n.. plur. hofen. [bofa, Saxon; hofan, Welch; offan, Erfe, offanen, plur. chauffe, Fr.] 1. Breeches . Guards on wanton Cupid's hofe Shak. -Here's an English taylor come hither for ftealing out of a French bofe. Shakespeare.-Thefe men were bound in their coats, hofen, hats, and other garments, and caft into the midst of the burning fiery furnace. Dan. iii. 21.— He cross examin'd both our hofe, And plunder'd all we had to lofe. Hudibras. 2. Stockings; covering for the legs. He being in love, could not fee to garter his bofe; and you, being in love, cannot fee to put on your hofe. Shak. Will the thy linen wash, or hofen darn, And knit thee gloves? Gay's Paftorals. (1.) HOSEA, a canonical book of the Old Teftament, fo called from the writer. (2.) HOSEA, the fon of Beeri, the firft of the Jeffer prophets. He lived in the kingdom of Samaria, and delivered his prophefies under Jeroboam II. and his fucceffors, kings of Ifrael; and under Uzzia, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. His principal defign is to publish the grofs idolatries of the people of Ifrael and Judah, to denounce the divine vengeance against them, and to foretel the captivity in Affyria. HOSI, a town of China, in the pr. of Yun-nan. HOSICK, a river of the United States, which runs into Hudfon's river, in New York. * HOSIER. n. f. [from hoje.] One, who fells tockings. As arrant a cockney as any boster in Cheapfide Savift HOSKIN, a town of the United States, in N Carolina, 4 miles N. of Edenton. HOSNITZ, a river in Silefia, in Oppau. HOSPIDALETTO, a town of Germany, in the bishopric of Trent, 35 miles NW. of Trent. HOSPINIAN, Rodolphus, one of the greatest writers that Switzerland has given birth to. He was born in 1547, at Altorf near Zurich; obtained the freedom of Zurich; was ordained in 1568, made provifor of the abbey school in 1571, and foon after minifter. He undertook a noble work of vaft extent, viz. a Hifiory of the Errors of Popery; of which he published a confiderable part. What he published on the Eucharift, and another work called Concor dia Difcors, exceedingly exasperated the Lutherans. He did not reply to them; but wrote a work against the Jefuits, entitled Hiftoria Jefuitica, &c. Thefe writings gained him fame and preferment. He died in 1626. An edition of his works was published at Geneva, 1681, in 7 volumes folio. * HOSPITABLE. adj. [hofpitabilis, Lat.] giving entertainment to strangers; kind to strangers. I'm your hoft: With robbers' band my hofpitable favour With hofpitable rites relieve the poor. Dryden. * HOSPITABLY. adv. [from hofpitable.] With kindness to strangers.- Ye thus hofpitably live, And strangers with good cheer receive. Prior. -The former liveth as pioufly and hospitably as the other. Savift. (1.) HOSPITAL, Michael DE L', chancellor of France in the 16th century, was one of the greateft men of his age. He agreed to the edict of Romorantin, though much feverer against the Proteftants than he could have wished, to prevent the introduction of the inquifition. The speeches he made, in order to inspire a spirit of toleration, made him much suspected by the Roman Catholics, and extremely odious to the court of Rome. His maxims of state were of great advantage to France, as he formed fome difciples who opposed, in proper time, the pernicious attempts of the leaguers, and rendered them abortive.-His pacific views being disliked by Catharine de Medicis, who had contributed to his advancement, the excluded him from the council of war. He retired in 1568 to his country feat at Vignai, where he died in 1573, aged 68. He published fome excellent fpeeches, memoirs, and poems, which are esteemed. (2.) HOSPITAL, William Francis Antony, marquis of, a celebrated mathematician, born in 1661. He was a geometrician almoft from his infancy for one day being at the duke of Rohan's, where fome able mathematicians were fpeaking of a problem of Pafchal's, which appeared to them extremely difficult, he ventured to fay, that he believed he could folve it. They were amazed at fuch prefumption in a boy, for he was then only 15; but in a few days he fent them the folution, He entered early into the army, and was a captain of horle; porations fhall have, take, and purchase lands, fo as not to exceed zool. a-year, provided the fame be not held of the king; and to make leafes, referving the accuftomed yearly rent. See CORPORATION, N° IV. § iii. 2. horfe; but being fhort-fighted, he foon quitted it. He contracted a friendship with Malbranche. In 1693, he was made an honorary member of the academy of feiences at Paris; and he published a work upon Sir Ifaac Newton's calculations, entitled, L'Analyfe des infinimens petits. Being the firft in France who wrote upon this fubject, he was regarded almost as a prodigy. He engaged afterwards in another work, in which he included Les Sections Coniques, les Lieux Geometriques, la Conftruction des Equations, et Une Theorie des Courbes Mechaniques: but a little before he finished it, he was seized with a fever, of which he died, Feb. 2, 1704, aged 43. It was published after his death. (3.) HOSPITAL. n. f. [hofpital, Fr. hofpitalis, Lat.] 1. A place built for the reception of the fick, or fupport of the poor.-They who were fo careful to beltow them in a college when they were young, would be fo good as to provide for them in fome hofpital when they are old. Wotton. -I am about to build an hospital, which I will endow handsomely for twelve old husbandmen. Addison. 2. A place for fhelter or entertainment. Obfolete. They fpied a goodly caftle, plac'd Foreby a river in a pleasant dale, Which choofing for that evening's hospital, They thither march'd.. Fairy Queen. (4.) HOSPITAL, OF SPITAL, is formed of the Latin bofpes, a host or ftranger. See HOST, §. In the firft ages of the church, the bishop had the immediate charge of all the poor, both found and diseased; alfo of the widows, orphans, ftrangers, &c. When the churches came to have fixed revenues, it was decreed, that at leaft part thereof fhould go to the relief of the poor; and to provide for them the more commodiously, divers houses of charity were built, fince denominated hofpitals. They were governed wholly by the priefts and deacons, under the inspection of the bishop. In courfe of time, feparate revenues were affigned for the hofpitals; and many, from motives of piety and charity, gave lands and money for erecting hofpitals. When the church difcipline began to relax, the priests, who till then had been the adminiftrators of hofpitals, converted them into a fort of benefices, which they held at pleasure, referving the greatest part of the income to their own ufe; fo that the intentions of the founders were fruftrated.-To remove this abuse, the council of Vienne exprefsly prohibited the giving any hofpital to fecular priests in the way of a benefice; and directed the administration thereof to be given to sufficient and refponfible laymen, who should take an oath for the faithful discharge thereof, and be accountable to the ordinaries. This decree was confirmed by the council of Trent. In Britain, hospitals are buildings properly endowed, or otherwise supported by charitable contributions, for the reception and fupport of the poor, aged, infirm, fick, or helpless. A charitable foundation laid thus for the fuftenance of the poor, is to continue for ever. Any person seised of an eftate in fee, may, by deed inrolled in chancery, erect and found an hofpital, and nominate fuch heads and governors therein as he fhall think fit; and this shall be incorporated, and fubject to the inspection and guidance of the heads and vifitors nominated by the founder. Likewife fuch cor (1.) HOSPITALITY. n. J. [bofpitalité, Fr.] The practice of entertaining ftrangers.-The Lácedemonians forbidding all accefs of strangers into their coafts, are, in that respect, deservedly blamed, as being enemies to that hofpitality which, for common humanity fake, all the nations on the earth fhould embrace. Hooker.— My mafter is of a churlith disposition, And little recks to find the way to heav'n By doing deeds of hofpitality. Shak. -How has this fpirit of faction broke all the laws of charity, neighbourhood, alliance, and hofpitality? Swift. (2.) HOSPITALITY, fays Dr Robertfon (speaking of the middle ages), among people whofe manners are fimple, and who are feldom vifited by ftrangers, is a virtue of the first rank. This duty was fo neceffary in that state of fociety which took place during the middle ages, that it was not confidered as one of those virtues which men may practife or not, according to the temper of their minds and the generofity of their hearts. Hofpitality was enforced by ftatutes, and those who neglected the duty were liable to punishment. The laws of the Slavi ordained that the moveables of an inhospitable person should be confifcated, and his houfe burnt. They were even fo folicitous for the entertainment of strangers, that they permitted the landlord to steal for the fupport of his gueft." The hofpitality of our British ancestors, particularly of the great and, opulent barons, has been much admired, and confidered as a certain proof of the nobleness and generolity of their fpirits. The fact is well attefted. The caftles of the powerful barons were capacious pa laces, daily crowded with their numerous retainers, who were always welcome to their plentiful tables. Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, "was ever had in great favour of the commons of the land, because of the exceeding houfehold which he daily kept in all countries wherever he fojourned or lay; and when he came to London, he held fuch an house, that fix oxen were caten at a breakfast; and every tavern was full of his meat." The earls of Douglas in Scotland, before the fall of that great family, rivalled or rather exceeded their fovereigns in pomp and profufe hofpitality. But to this manner of living, it is probable these great chieftains were prompted by a defire of increasing the number and attachment of their retainers, as much as by generofity of temper. Hofpitality was not, however, confined to the great and opulent, but was practifed, rather more than it is at prefent, by perfos in the middle and lower ranks of tife. But this was owing to neceffity, arifing from the scarcity of inns, which obliged strangers to apply to private perfons for lodging and enter tainment; and thofe who received them hofpi tably acquired a right to a fimilar reception. This was evidently the cafe in Scotland in the 5th century. By act of James I. A. D. 1425, "It is ordanit, That in all burrow townis, and throuchfairis qubair commoun paffages ar, that thair be Nnn 2 ordanis ⚫ ordanit hoftillaries and refettis, havand ftables and chalmers; and that men find with thame bread and aill, and all uther fude, alsweil for horfe as men, for reasonable price." But travellers had been fo long accustomed to lodge in private houses, that these public inns were quite neglected; and those who kept them prefented a petition to parliament, complaining," That the legis travelland in the realme, quhen they cum to burrowis and throuchfairs, herbreis thame not in hoftillaries, bot with their acquaintance and friendis." This produced an act prohibiting travellers to lodge in private houses where there were hoftalries, under the penalty of 40s. and fubjecting those who lodged them to the fame penalty. The inhabitants of the Highlands and the Western Isles were remarkable for their hofpitality and kindness to ftrangers, and ftill retain the fame difpofition. See HIGHLANDERS. (1.) HOSPITALLER. n. f. [hofpitallier, Fr. hofpitalarius, low Latin, from hofpital.] One refiding in an hofpital in order to receive the poor or ftranger. Ufed perhaps peculiarly of the knights of Malta.-The firft they reckon fuch as were granted to the hofpitallers in titulum beneficii. Ayliffe's Parergon. (2.) HOSPITALLERS, an order of religious knights, who built an hospital at Jerufalem, wherein pilgrims were received. To thefe pope Clement V. transferred the effects and revenues of the Templars; whom, by a council held at Vienne, he fuppreffed for their many and great misdemeanours. Thefe hofpitallers were called Knights of St John of Jerufalem; and are now called Knights of Malta. By the treaty of peace in 1801, that ifland is now restored to them. See MALTA. *To HOSPITATE. v. a. [hofpitor, Latin.] To refide under the roof of another. That always chooses an empty fhell, and this hofpitates with the living animal in the fame fhell. Grew's Mufæum. HOSPITIUM, a term ufed by old writers either for an inn or monaftery, built for the reception of ftrangers and travellers. See INN and Mo NASTERY. HOSPODAR, a title borne by the princes of Walachia and Moldavia, who receive the inveftiture of their principalities from the grand fignior. He gives them a veft and standard; they are under his protection, and obliged to ferve him, and he fometimes depofes them; but in other refpects they are abfolute fovereigns within their own dominions. (1.) * HOST. n. J. [hofle, Fr. hofpes, kofpitis, Lat.] 1. One who gives entertainment to another.-Homer never entertained either guests or hofs with long speeches, till the mouth of hunger be stopped. Sidney.— Here, father, take the fhadow of this tree For your good hoft. 2. The landlord of an inn. Time's like a fashionable bost, 4. Let every foldier hew him down a bough, And bear't before him; thereby fhall we fhadow The numbers of our boft. Shak. Then through the fiery pillar, and the cloud, God looking forth, will trouble all his bost, And craze your chariot-wheels. Milton. After these came arm'd, with fpear and fhield, Any great number.— Give to a gracious meffage Shak. An hoft of tongues; but let ill tidings tell 5. [Hoftia, Lat. hoftie, Fr.] The facrifice of the Themselves, when they be felt. mals in the Romish church; the confecrated wafer. relation, applied both to a person who entertains (2.) HOST, (§ 1, def. 1.) is a term of mutual formed of the Latin hofpes, thus called, quafi hofanother, and to the perfon thus lodged. It is tium or oftium petens; for oftium was anciently written with an b. It was a cuftom among the ancients, when any ftranger afked for lodging, for them to fet a foot on their own fide of the threshthe master of the house and the stranger, each of any harm to the other.. It was this ceremony old, and fwear they would neither of them do that raised so muc! horror against those who violated the law of hospitality on either fide; as they were confidered as perjured. Inftead of hofpes, the ancient Latins called it hoftis; as Cicero informs us: though, in courfe of time, hoftis came to fignify an enemy; fo much was the notion of hofpitality altered. (3.) HOST is also used by way of abbreviation In this fenfe, boft is more immediately understood for hoftia, a victim or facrifice offered to the Deity: of the perfon of the Word incarnate, who was offered up an hoft or hoflitia to the Father on the crofs, for the fins of mankind. See HOSTIA. given to the elements used in the eucharift, or take up entertainment; to live, as at an inn. Go, bear it to the centaur, where we boft; Shak. 2. To encounter in battle.— That flightly fhakes his parting gueft by th' But with his arms outstretch'd, as he would fly, 1 Shak. 3. From boftis, Latin.] An army; numbers affembled for war. Strange to us it feem'd Shak. At first, that angel should with angel war, Milton. New authors of diffenfion spring from him, Two branches, that in befling long contend For fov'reign fway. 3. To review a body of men; to mufter. Obfo Philips. lete.-Lords have had the leading of their own followers followers to the general boflings. Spenfer on Ireland. * HOSTAGE. n. J. Loftage, Fr.] One given in pledge for fecurity of performance of conditions. Your botages I have, fo have you mine; And we fhall talk before we fight. Shak. ; Do this message honourably; And if he stand on botage for his fafety, Bid him demand what pledge will please him beft. Shak. -He that hath wife and children, hath given botages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Bacon-They who marry give boflages to the public, that they will not attempt theruin or disturb the peace of it. Atterbury The Romans having feized a great number of boflages, acquainted them with their refolution. Arbuthnot on Coins. HOSTANA, a town of Maritime Auftria, in Iftria, 6 miles N. of Rovigno. HOSTE, Paul, L', an eminent French mathematician, born in 1652. He was a Jefuit, and profeffor of mathematics at Toulon. He wrote, 1. Traité des Evolutions Navales, folio, 1727. Traités des Mathematiques les plus neceffaires à un Officier: 3.vols. 12mo. He died at Toulon, in 1700. * HOSTEL. n. f. [hostel, hoftelerie, Fr.] HOSTELRY. An inn. Ainsworth. *HOSTESS. n. f. [hofteffe, Fr. from boft.] 1. A female host; a woman that gives entertainment. Fair and noble boflefs, We are your guest to night. Shak. Macbeth. Ye were beaten out of door, And rail'd upon the boftefs of the house. Shak. -Be as kind an hoftefs as you have been to me, and you can never fail of another husband. Dryden. 2. A woman that keeps a houfe of public entertainment.-Undiftinguish'd civility is like a whore or a hoftefs. Temple... HOSTESS-SHIP. n. f. [from boftefs.] The character of an hoftefs. It is my father's will I should take on me The hoftefs-fhip o' th' day: you're welcome, firs. Shakespeare. HOSTIA, HOST, in antiquity, a victim offered in facrifice to a deity. The word is formed from boftis, an enemy; it being the custom to offer up a facrifice before they joined battle, to render the gods propitious; or, after the battle was over, to give them thanks. Some derive the word from boftio, q. d. ferio, I strike. Ifidore remarks, that the name boftia was given to those facrifices which they offered before they marched to attack an enemy (antequam ad hoftem pergerent), in contradiftinction from VICTIMA, which were properly those offered after the victory. Hoftia alfo fignified the leffer forts of facrifice, and vidima the larger. A. Gellius fays, that every priest, indifferently, might facrifice the hoftia, but that the victima could be offered by none but the conqueror himself. After all, we find thefe two words promiscuously used by ancient writers. We read of many kinds of hoftia: as 1. HOSTIE AMBARVALES, victims facrificed after having been folemnly led round the fields at the ambarvalia : Fierce Juno's hate, Added to hoftile force, fhall urge thy fate. Dryd. * HOSTILITY. n. f. [hoftilité, Fr. from hoftile.] The practices of an open enemy; open war; oppofition in war. Neither by treafon nor hoftility To feek to put me down, and reign thyself. Shak. Hoftility being thus fufpended with France, preparation was made for war against Scotland. Hayward. Milton. What peace can we returny But to our pow3r, hostility and hate, Untam'd reluctance and revenge? -We have fhew'd ourselves fair, nay, generous adverfaries; and have carried on even our hoftililities with humanity. Atterbury. * HOSTLER. ». f. [hofteller, from hostel.] One who has the care of horfes at an inn. The caufe why they are now to be permitted, is want of convenient inns for lodging travellers on horseback, and boilers to tend their horfes by the way. Spenfer on Ireland. HOSTORP, a town of Sweden, in Skone. * HOSTRY. n. f. [corrupted from hoftlery.] A place where the horses of guefts are kept. Swift rivers are with fudden ice restrain❜d, And studded wheels are on its back fuftain'd; An hoftry now for waggons, which before Tall fhips of burden on its bofom bore. Dryd. HOSTUN, a town of France, in the dept. of the Drome, 6 miles E. of Romans. * HOT. adj. [hat, Saxon; bat, Scottish.] 1. Having the power to excite the fense of heat; con. trary to cold; fiery. What is thy name? -Thou'lt be afraid to hear it. -No, though thou call'st thyself a hotter name -The great breezes which the motion of the air in great circles, such as are under the girdle of the world, produceth, do refrigerate; and therefore, in those parts, noon is nothing fo bot as about nine in the forenoon. Bacon. Hot and cold were in one body fixt; And foft with hard, and light with heavy mixt. • Dryden. -Black fubftances do fooneft of all others become hot in the fun's light, and burn; which effect may proceed partly from the multitude of refractions in a little room, and partly from eafy common of so very small corpufcles. Newton. 2. Luftful; lewd. What botter hours, Unregifter'd in vulgar fame, you have Luxuriously pick'd out. ...Shakespeare. -Now the hot-blooded gods affift me! remember, Jove, thou was't a bull for thy Europa. Shak. 3. Violent; furious; dangerous.-That of Carthagena, where the Spaniards had warning of our com. ing, was one of the hottest services, and moft dangerous affaults, that hath been known. Bacon. He refolved to ftorm; but his foldiers declined that bot service, and plied it with artillery. Clarendon. To court the cry directs us, when we found Th' assault so bot, as if 'twere only there. Denh. Our army Is now in hot engagement with the Moors. Dryd. 4. Ardent; vehemeut; precipitate.— › ^ 1 Come, come, lord Mortimer, you are as flow, As bot lord Percy is on fire to go. Shak. Nature to youth hot rashness doth difpenfe, But with cool prudence age doth recompenfe. Denham. -Achilles is impatient, bot, revengeful; Æneas, patient, confiderate, and careful of his people. Dryden. 5. Eager; keen in defire.-It is no wonder that men, either perplexed in the neceffary affairs of life, or hot in the pursuit of pleafures, fhould not seriously examine their tenets. Locke. She has, quoth Ralph, a jointure, Which makes him have fo bot a mind t'her. Hudib. 6. It is applied likewise to the defire, or sense raifing the defire or action excited; as, a hot pursuit. Norlaw, norchecks ofconfcience, will we hear, When in hot fcent of gain and full career, Dryd. 7. Piquant; acrid: as, hot as mustard. (1.) * HOTBED. n. f. A bed of earth made hot by the fermentation of dung.-The bed we call a botbed is this: there was taken horfe-dung, old and well rotted; this was laid upon a bank half a foot high, and supported round about with planks, and upon the top was caft fifted earth two fingers deep. Bacon.-Preferve the hotbed as much as poffible from rain. Evelyn. (2.) HOTBEDS, in gardening, are made with freth horfe-dung, or tanner's bark, and covered with glaffes to defend them from cold winds. By the skilful management of hotbeds, we may imitate the temperature of warmer climates; by which means, the feeds of plants brought from any of the countries within the torrid zone may be made to flourish even under the poles. The hotbeds commonly used in kitchen-gardens, are made with new horse-dung mixed with the litter of a fable, and a few fea-coal afhes, which last are of Yervice in continuing the heat of the dung. This should remain 6 or 7 days in a heap and being then turned over, and the parts mixed well together, it should be again caft into a heap; where it may continue 5 or 6 days longer, by which time it will have acquired a due heat. The hotbeds are made thus. In fome fheltered párt of the garden, dig out a trench of a length and width. proportionable to the frames you intend it for; and if the ground be dry, about a foot, or a foot and a half deep; but if it be wet, not above 6 inches; then wheel the dung into the opening, ftirring every part of it with a fork, and laying it exactly even and smooth on every part of the bed, with the bottom part of the heap, which is com monly free from litter, upon the surface. If it be defigned for a bed to plant out cucumbers to remain, make a hole in the middle of the place defigned for each light about 10 inches over and 6 deep, which should be filled with good fresh earth, thrusting in a stick to show the places where the holes are; then cover the hed all over with the earth that was taken out of the trench, about 4 inches thick, and put on the frame, letting it remain till the earth be warin, which commonly happens in 3 or 4 days after the bed is made, and then the plants may be placed in it. If the hotbed be defigned for other plants, there need be no holes made in the dung; but after having smoothed the furface with a spade, cover the dung about three or four inches thick with good earth, putting on the frames and glaffes as before. Settle the dung clofe with a fork, and if it be pretty full of long litter, it should be trod down equally on every part. During the first 8 or 10 days after the bed is made, cover the glaffes flightly in the night, and in the day-time carefully raise them, to let out the fteam. As the heat abates, the covering fhould be increased; and as the bed grows cold, new hot dung fhould be added round the fides of it. The hot-bed made with tanner's bark is, however, much preferable to that described above, efpecially for all tender exotic plants and fruits, which require an equal degree of warmth for feveral months, which cannot be effected with horsedung. They are made thus; Dig a trench about 3 feet deep, if the ground be dry; but if wet, it muft not be above a foot deep at moft, and muft be raised two feet above the ground. The length must be proportioned to the frames intended to cover it; but it fhould never be less than 10 or 12 feet, and the width not less than 6. The trench fhould be bricked up round the fides to the height of 3 feet, and filled in the spring with fresh tanner's bark that has been lately drawn out of their vats, and has lain in a round heap, for the moisture to drain out of it, only 3 or 4 days. As it is put in, gently beat it down equally with a dungfork; but it must not be trodden, which would prevent its heating, by fettling it too close; then put on the frame, covering it with glaffes; and in about 10 or 14 days it will begin to heat; at which time plunge your pots of plants or feed into it, obferving not to tread down the bark in doing it. These beds will continue 3 or 4 months in a good temper of heat; and if you stir up the bark pretty deep, and mix a load or two of fresh bark with the old when you find the warmth decline, you will preferve its heat 2 or 3 months longert |