the queen when the goes abroad, &c. In Britain they are fix in number, and their falary is 300l. a-year each.

(10.) HONOUR POINT, in heraldry, is that next above the centre of the efcutcheon, dividing the upper part into two equal portions.

harm, only for being white. This man is my friend, my houfe is his poft, I am his foldier, and must fight for him; you must kill me before youcan kill him. What good man will ever come again under my roof, if I let my floor be ftained with a good man's blood?" The negroes feeing his refolution, and being convinced by his difcourfe that they were wrong, went away afhamed. In a tew days Murray went abroad again with his friend Cudjoe, when feveral of them took him by the hand, and told him, "They were glad they had not killed him; for as he was a good man, their God would have been very angry, and would have fpoiled their fishing."

(8.) HONOUR, FOUNTAIN OF. The king is fo ftyled, as being the fource of honours, dignities &c. See PREROGATIVE, III. Although the origin of all fovereignty is in the people, yet it is abfolutely impoffible that government can be maintained without a due fubordination of rank. The British conftitution has therefore entrusted the king with the fole power of conterring dignities and honours, in confidence that he will bestow them only upon fuch as deserve them. Hence all degrees of nobility, of knighthood, and other titles, are received by immediate grant from the crown: either expreffed in writing, by writs or letters patent, as in the creation of peers and baronets; or by corporeal inveftiture, as in the creation of a fimple knight. From the fame principle alfo arifes the prerogative of erecting and difpofing of offices; for honours are in their nature convertible and fynonymous. All offices under the crown carry, in the eye of the law, an honour along with them; be cause they imply a fuperiority of parts and abilities, being fuppofed to be always filled with thofe that are moft able to execute them. In fact, all honours, in their original, had duties or offices annexed to them; an earl, comes, was the confervator or governor of a county; and a knight, miles, was bound to attend the king in his wars. For the fame reason therefore that honours are in the difpofal of the king, offices ought to be fo likewife; and as the king may create new titles, fo may he create new offices; but with this restriction, that he cannot create new offices with new fees annexed to them, nor annex new fees to old offices; for this would be a tax upon the fubject, which can. not be impofed but by act of parliament. Wherefore, in 13 Hen. IV. a new office being created by the king's letters patent for measuring cloths, with a new fee for the fame, the letters patent were, on account of the new fee, revoked and declared void in parliament. Upon the fame or like ground, the king has also the prerogative of con ferring privileges upon private perfons: fu h as granting place or precedence to any of his fubjects, or converting aliens, or perfons born out of the king's dominions, into denizens; whereby fome very confiderable privileges of natural-born fubjects are conferred upon them. Such alfo is the prerogative of erecting corporations; whereby a number of private perfons are united together, and enjoy many liberties, powers, and immunities in their political capacity, which they were incapable of in their natural.

(9.) HONOUR, MAIDS OF, are young ladies in the queen's household, whofe office is to attend

(11.) HONOURS, MILITARY. All armies falute crowned heads in the most respectful manner, drums beating a march, colours and standards dropping, and officers faluting. Their guards pay no compliment, except to the princes of the blood; and even that by courtesy, in the absence of the crowned head. To the commander-in-chief the whole line turns out without arms, and the camp. guards beat a march, and falute. To generals of horfe and foot, they beat a march, and falute; lieutenant-generals of ditto, three ruffs, and fa lute; major-generals of ditto, two ruffs, and fa lute; brigadiers of ditto, refted arms, one ruff, and falute; colonels of ditto, rested arms, and no beating. Sentinels reft their arms to all fieldofficers, and fhoulder to every officer. All governors that are not general officers, in all places where they are governors, have one ruff, with refted arms; but for those who have no commiffion as governors, no drum beats. Lieutenantgovernors have the main-guard turned out to them with fhouldered arms.

(12.) HONOURS OF WAR, in a fiege, is, when a governor, having made a long and vigorous defence, is at laft obliged to furrender the place to the enemy for want of men and provifions, and makes it one of his principal articles to march out with the honours of war; that is, with fhouldered arms, drums beating, colours flying, and all their baggage, &c.

(13.) HONOURS OF WAR, PRUSSIAN, chiefly imitated by moft powers in Europe, are, To the king, all guards beat the march, and all officers falute. Field-marthals received with the march, and faluted in the king's abfence. General of horfe or foot, four ruffs; but if he commands in chief, a march and falute. Lieutenant-generals of horse or foot, commanding or not, guards beat three ruffs. Major-generals of horfe or foot, two ruffs. Officers, when their guards are under arms, and a general makes a fignal, muft rest to him, but not beat; when not got under arms, and a signal made, only ftand by their arms. Village guards go under arms only to the king, field-marfhals, generals of horfe and foot, and to the general of the day. General's guards go under arms only to the king, field-marshals, and the general over whom they mount. Commanding officers of regiments and battalions, their own quarter and rear-guards to turn out; but not to other field-officers, unless they are of the day. Generals in foreign fervice, the fame.

Field

(14.) HONOURS PAID BY SENTINELS. marshals; two fentinels, with ordered firelocks at their tent or quarters. Generals of bore of foot; two fentinels, one with his firelock fhoul dered, the other ordered. Lieutenant-generals one, with firelock ordered. Major-generals; one with firelock fhouldered. The first battalion o guards go under arms to the king only; not to ftand by, nor draw up in the rear of their arms t any other; nor to give sentinels to foreigners. S

Con

cond and third battalions draw up behind their arms to the princes, and to field marshals; but when on grenadier guards or out-pofts, they turn out, as other guards do, to the officers of the day. They give one fentinel with fhouldered arms to the princes of the blood, and to field-marthals when they lie alone in garrifon.

*To HONOUR. v. a. [honorer, French; honoro, Latin.] 1. To reverence; to regard with veneration. He was called our father, and was honoured of all men, as the next perfon unto the king. Efth. xvi. 11. The poor man is honoured for his fkill, and the rich man is honoured for his riches. Eccluf. X. 30. He that is honoured in poverty, how much more in riches? Eccluf. x. 31

How lov'd, how honour'd once, avails thee not.
Pope.

2. To dignify; to raise to greatnefs.

We nourish 'gainst our fenate The cockle of rebellion, infolence, fedition, Which we ourselves have plow'd for, fow'd, and scatter'd,

By mingling them with us, the honour'd number. Shakefp. 3. To glorify.-I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them, and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his hoft, that the Egyptians may know that I am the Lord. Ex. xiv. (1.) HONOURABLE. adj. [honorable, Fr.] 1. Illuftrious; noble.-Who hath taken this counfel against Tyre, the crowning city, whofe merchants are princes, whofe traffickers are the bo Rourable of the earth? Ifa. xxiii. 8. 2. Great; magnanimous ; generous.—

Sir, I'll tell you,

Since I am charg'd in honour, and by him That I think honourable. Shakespeare.

3. Conferring honour.—

Think'ft thou it honourable for a nobleman Still to remember wrongs? Shakespeare. Then warlike kings, who for their country fought,

And honourable wounds from battle brought. Dryden. -Many of those perfons, who put this honourable task on me, were more able to perform it themfelves. Dryden. 4. Accompanied with tokens of konour.

Sith this wretched woman overcome Of anguish, rather than of crime, hath been, Preferve her cause to her eternal doom; And in the mean, vouchsafe her honourable tomb. Spenfer. J. Not to be difgraced.-Here's a Bohemian Tartar tarries the coming down of thy fat woman :-let her defcend, my chambers are honourable. Shakespeare. 6. Free from taint; free from reproach. As he was honourable in all his acts, so in this, that he took Joppa for an haven. 1 Mac. xiv. 5.-Methinks I could not die any where fo contented as in the king's company, his caufe being juft, and bis quarrel bonourable. Shak. 7. Honeft; with out intention of deceit. The earl fent again to know if they would entertain their pardon, in cafe he fhould come in perfon, and affure it: they anfwered, they did conceive him to be so honourable, that from himself they would moft thankfully embrace it. Hayward.

VOL. XI. PART IL

8. Equitable.

(2.) HONOURABLE, a title conferred on the younger fons of earls, the fons of viscounts and barons; as alfo on fuch perfons as have the king's commiffion, and upon those who enjoy places of truft and honour. Members of the king's privy council are ftyled Right Honourable.

* HONOURABLENESS. n. f. [from honour. able.] Eminence; magnificence; generofity. * HONOURABLY. adv. (from honourable.] 1. With tokens of honour.— The rev'rend abbot, With all his convent honourably received him. Shakespeare. 2. Magnanimously; generously.-After fome fix weeks, which the king did honourably interpofe, to give space to his brother's interceffion, he was arraigned of high treason, and condemned. Bacon. 3. Reputably; with exemption from reproach.'Tis juft, ye gods! and what I well deferve: Why did I not more bonourably starve! Dryden. *HONOURER. n. f. [from bonour.] One that honours; one that regards with veneration.-I muft not omit Mr Gay, whofe zeal in your concern is worthy a friend and honourer. Pope.

HONRUBIA, a town of Spain in New Caftile. HONSBROUCK, a town of the French repub lic, in the department of the Lower Meufe, and ci-devant duchy of Limburg: 5 miles N. of Fau quemont.

HONTHEIM, John Nicholas DE, a learned author, born at Treves in 1700. He was made fuf fragan to the Abp. elector, and was a man of great tafte and erudition. He wrote, 1. Hiftoria Trevifenfis diplomatica et pragmatica: 3 vols. fol. 2. A Supplement to it, in 2 vols. fol. 3. De præfenti Ratu ecclefiæ liber fingularis: 5 vols. 4to. This work has made fome noife among the Catholics. He died in 1790.

HONTHY, a river of Wales, which runs into the Ufk, near Brecknock.

HONTORIA, a town of Spain, in O. Caftile. (1.) HOOD, Robert, or Robin a famous outlaw and deer-ftealer, who chiefly harboured in Sherwood forest in Nottinghamshire. He was a man of family, which by his pedigree appears to have had fome title to the earldom of Huntingdon; and played his pranks about the end of the 12 h century. He was famous for archery, and for his treatment of all travellers who came in his way; levying contributions on the rich, and relieving the poor. Falling fick at laft, and requiring to be blooded, he is faid to have been betrayed and bled to death. He died in 1247; and was buried at Kirklees, in Yorkshire, then à Benedictine monaftery, where his gravestone is still shown.

(2.)* HOOD, in compofition, is derived from the Saxon bad, in German beit, in Dutch beid. It denotes quality; character; condition: as, knighthood; childhood; fatherhood. Sometimes it is written after the Dutch, as maidenhead. Sometimes it is taken collectively: as, brotherhood, a confraternity: fifterhood, a company of fifters

(3.) HOOD. n. f. [hod, probably from bepod, head.] 1. The upper covering of a woman's head. Ggg In

pikes, pikes, javelins, &c. 2. Cafement-hooks. 3. Chimney-hooks, which are made both of brafs and iron, and of different fashions: their use is to fet the tongs and fire-fhovel againft. 4. Curtainhooks. 5. Hooks for doors, gates, &c. 6. Double line-hooks, large and fmall. 7. Single linehooks, large and small. 8. Tenter-hooks of various forts. See TENTER.

Rotterdam in 1658. He published, 1. Poems in Latin: 2. Poems in Flemish : 3. A Latin Flemish Dictionary: 4. Notes upon Nepos and Terence: 5. A fine edition of Phædrus for the prince of Naffau, in the manner of the claffics in ufum Delphini: 6. A fimilar one of James Broukhufius's Poems. In the evening of Nov. 13, 1724, he fell into a canal, and though immediately taken out, died within 8 days after, from the cold and the fright.

(2.) HOOGSTRATTEN, a town of Holland, in the dep. of Dommel and Scheldt, and late province of Dutch Brabant, capital of a ci-devant county of the fame name, 10 miles S. of Breda. Lon. 4. 41. E. Lat. 51. 25. N.

(1.) *HOOK. n. f. [boce, Saxon; boeck, Dutch] 1. Any thing bent so as to catch hold; as, a fhep herd's book and pot books.-This falling not, for that they had not far enough undermined it, they affayed with great books and strong ropes to have pulled it down. Knolles. 2. The curvated wire on which the bait is hung for fishes, and with which the fish is pierced.

A fhop of all the qualities that man Loves woman for, besides that book of wiving, Fairness, which ftrikes the eye. Shak. 4. An iron to seize the meat in the caldron.— About the caldron many cooks accoil'd, With books and ladles, as need did require; The while the viands in the veffel boil'd. F. Q. 5. A fickle to reap corn.-Peafe are commonly reaped with a book at the end of a long ftick. Mort. 6. Any inftrument to cut or lop withNot that I'd lop the beauties from his book, Like flathing Bentley with his defperate book. Pope. 7. The part of the hinge fixed to the poft: whence the proverb, off the books, for in diforder."My doublet looks,

Like him that wears it, quite off o' the books. Cleaveland. -She was horribly bold, meddling, and expenfive, eafily put off the books, and monftrous hard to be pleafed again. L'Efrange.

While Sheridan is off the books, And friend Delany at his books. Swift. 2. Hoox. [In husbandry.] A field fown two years running. Ainf. 9. Hook or Crook. One way or other; by any expedient; by any means direct or oblique. Ludicrous.

Which he by book or crook had gather'd, And for his own invention's father'd. Hudibras, -He would bring him by book or crook into his quarrel. Dryden.

(2.) Hook. (§ 1, def. 2.) See FISH HOOK. (3.) Hooks, in building, &c. are of various forts; fome of iron, and others of brafs, viz. 1. Armour-hooks, which are generally of brafs, and are to lay up arms upon, as guns, mufkets, half.

(4.) HOOKS OF A SHIP are all thofe forked timbers which are placed directly upon the keel, as well in her run as in her rake. Can-books are thofe which being made faft to the end of a rope with a noofe (like that which brewers ufed to fling or carry their barrels on), are made ufe of for flings. Foot-books are the fame with FUTTOCKS. Loofbooks are a tackle with two hooks; one to hitch into a cringle of the main or fore fail, in the boltrope at the leech of the fail by the clew; and the other is to hitch into a strap, which is fpliced to the chefs tree. Their ufe is to pull down the fail, and fuccour the tackles in a large fail and stiff gale, that all the ftress may not bear upon the tack. It is also used when the tack is to be feized more secure, and to take off or put on a bonnet or drabbler.

*To Hook. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To catch with a hook. The huge jack he had caught was ferved up for the first dish: upon our fitting down to it, he gave us a long account how he had booked it, played with it, foiled it, and at length drew it out upon the bank. Addifon. 2. To intrap; to infnare. 3. To draw as with a hook.― But the

I can book to me. Shak. Winter's Tale. 4. To faften as with an hook. 5. To draw by force or artifice.-There are many branches of the na ural law no way reducible to the two tables, unless booked in by tedious consequences. Norris.

HOOKAH, among the Arabs and other nations of the Eaft, is a pipe of a fingular and complicated conftruction, through which tobacco is smoked. Out of a small veffel, of a bell or globular form, and nearly full of water, iffue two tubes, one perpendicularly, on which is placed the tobacco; the other obliquely from the fide of the veffel, and to that the perfon who smokes applies his mouth; the fmoke by this means being drawn through water, is cooled in its paffage and rendered more grateful: one takes a whiff, draws up a large quantity of smoke, puffs it out of his nofe and mouth in an immenfe cloud, and paffes the hookah to his neighbour; and thus it goes round the whole circle. The hookah is known and used throughout the Eaft; but in thofe parts of it where the refinements of life prevail greatly, every one has his own hookah ; and it is frequently an implement of a very coftly nature, being of filver, and fet with precious ftones: in the better kind, that tube which is applied to the mouth is very long and pliant, and for that reafon is termed the fnake: people who use it in a luxurious manner, fill the veffel through which the fmoke is drawn with rofe-water, and it thereby receives fome of the fragrant quality of that fluid. See Plate CLXXXIV. fig. 1.

(1.) HOOKE, Nathaniel, author of an excellent Roman history and other works. Of this learned gentleman the earliest particulars to be met with Ggg 2

are

are furnished by himself, in the following mode but manly addrefs to the earl of Oxford, dated Oct. 7, 1722, and publifhed in Nichols's Anecdotes of Bowyer: "My lord, the firft time I had the honour to wait upon your lordship fince your coming to London, your loro fhip had the goodnefs to ask me, what way of life I was then engaged in? A certain mauvaise bonte hindered me at that time from giving a direct answer. The truth is, my lord, I cannot be faid at present to be in any for of life, but rather to live extempore. The late epidemical distemper feized me;" alluding to the unfortunate adventure of the South Sea Scheme ;) "I endeavoured to be rich; imagined for a while that I was, and am in fome measure happy to find myfelf at this inftant but just worth nothing. If your lordship, or any of your numerous friends, have need of a fervant, with the bare qualifications of being able to read and write, and to be honeft, I fhall gladly undertake any employments your lordship fhall not think me unworthy of. I have been taught, my lord, that neither a man's natural pride, nor his fent-love, is an equal judge of what is fit for him; and I fhall endeavour to remember, that it is not the short part we act, but the manner of our performance, which gains or lofes us the applaufe of Him who is finally to decide of all human actions. My lord, I am juft now employed in tranflating from the French, a Hiftory of the Life of the late Abp. of Cambray; and I was thinking to beg the honour of your lordship's name to protect a work which will have fo much need of it. The original is not yet published. 'Tis written by the author of the Difcourfe upon Epic Poetry,' in the new edition of Telemaque. As there are fome paffages in the book of a particular nature, I dare not fo licit your lordship to grant me the favour I have mentioned, till you firft have perufed it. The whole is fhort, and pretty fairly transcribed. If your lordship could find a fpare hour to look it over, I would wait upon your lordship with it, as it may poffibly be no unpleafing entertainment. I fhould humbly afk your lordship's pardon for fo long an addrefs in a feafon of fo much business. But when fhould I be able to find a time in which your lordship's goodness is not employed? I am, with perfect refpect and duty, my lord, your lord. fhip's moft obliged, moft faithful, and moft obedi ent humble fervant, NATHANIEL HOOKE." The translation here spoken of was afterwards printed in 12mo, 1723. From this period till his death, Mr Hooke enjoyed the confidence and patronage of men not lefs diftinguished by virtue than by tits. He published a tranflation of Ramfay's Travels of Cyrus, in 4to; in 1733 he revised a tranflation of The Hiftory of the Conqueft of Mexico by the Spaniards, by Thomas Townfend, Efq;" printed in 2 vols. 8vo; and in the fame year he published, in 4to, the first volume of The Roman Hiftory, from the building of Rome to the ruin of the Commonwealth; illuftrated with maps and other plates." In the dedication to this volume, Mr Hooke took the opportunity of "publicly teftifying his juft efteem for a worthy friend, to whom he had been long and much obliged," by telling Mr Pope, that the difplaying of his name at the head of those sheets was "like

the hanging out a fplendid fign, to catch the traveller's eye, and entice him to make trial of the entertainment the place affords. But," he proceeds, "when I can write under my fign, that Mr Pope has been here, and was content, who will queftion the goodness of the houfe?" The volume is introduced by "Remarks on the Hiftory of the Seven Roman Kings, occafioned by Sir Ifaac Newton's objections to the fuppofed 244 years dura. tion of the royal ftate of Rome." His nervous pen was next employed in digefting" An Account of the conduct of the Dowager duchess of Marlborough, from her firft coming to Court to the year 1710, in a letter from herself to Lord in 1742," 8vo. The circumstances of this tranf action are related by Dr Maty, in his Memoirs of Lord Chesterfield, vol. i. p. 116. "The relict of the great duke of Marlborough, being defirous of fubmitting to pofterity her political conduct, as well as her lord's, applied to the earl of Chefterfield for a proper perfon to receive her informa tion, and put the memoirs of her life into a proper drefs. Mr Hooke was recommended by him for that purpose. He accordingly waited upon the duchefs, while fhe was ftill in bed, oppreffed by the infirmities of age. She delivered to him, without any notes, her account, in the moft lively as well as the most connected manner. So eager was the for the completion of the work, that the infifted upon Mr Hooke's not leaving her house till he had finished it. This was done in a fhort time; and her Grace was fo weil pleased with the performance, that the complimented the author with a prefent of 5000l. a fum which far exceeded his expectations. He haftened to the earl to thank him, and communicated to him his good fortune. The perturbation of mind he was under, occafioned by the strong fense of his obligation, plainly appeared in his ftammering out his acknow. ledgments: and he who had fucceeded fo well as the interpreter of her Grace's fentiments, could scarcely utter his own." The ad volume of his Roman Hiftory appeared in 1745 ; when Mr Hooke embraced the occafion of congratulating his friend the earl of Marchmont, on "that true glory, the confenting praife of the honeft and the wife," which his lordship had fo early acquired. To the 2d volume Mr Hooke added "The Capitoline Marbles, or Confular Calendars, an ancient Monument accidentally difcovered at Rome in the year 1545, during the Pontificate of Paul III." In 1758, he published " Obfervations on, I. The Anfwer of M. l'Abbé de Vertot to the late Earl of Stanhope's Inquiry concerning the Senate of ancient Rome: dated December 1719. II. A Dif fertation upon the Conftitution of the Roman Senate, by a Gentleman: published in 1743. III. A Treatife on the Roman Senate, by Dr Conyers Middleton: published in 1747. IV. An Eflay on the Roman Senate, by Dr Thomas Chapman : published in 1750;" which he with great propriety infcribed to Mr Speaker Onflow. The 3d volume of Mr Hooke's Roman Hiftory, to the end of the Gallic war, was printed under his infpection before his laft illness; but did not appear till after his death, which happened in 1764. The 4th and laft volume was published in 1771. Mr Hooke left two fons; of whom one was a di