coynefs we hold off. Decay of Piety, A14. TO HOLD on. To continue; not to be interrupted. The trade held on for many years after the bishops, became Proteftants; and fome of their names are ftill remembered with infamy, on account of enriching their families by fuch facrilegious alienations. Swift. 15. To HOLD on. To proceed. He held on, however, till he was upon the very point of breaking. L'Eftrange. 16. TO HOLD out. To laft; to endure Before those dews that form manna come upon trees in the valleys, they diffipate, and cannot hold out. Bacon. As there are mountebanks for the natural body, fo are there mountebanks for the politick body; men that perhaps have been lucky in two or three experiments, but want the grounds of fcience, and therefore cannot hold out. Bacon. Truth, fidelity, and juftice, are a fure way of thriving, and will hold out, when all fraudulent arts and devices will fail. Tillotfon. By an extremely exact regimen a confumptive perfon may hold out for years, if the fymptoms are not violent. Arbuthnot. 17. To HOLD out. Not to yield: not to be fubdued. The great mafter went with his company to a place where the Spaniards, fore charged by Achmetes, had much ado to bold out. Knolles's Hiftory. -You think it strange, a perfon, obfequious to thofe he loves, fhould hold out fo long against importunity. Bogle.

1

Nor could the hardest ir'n hold out Against his blows. Hudibras. i... I would cry now, my eyes grow womanish; But yet my heart holds out. Dryden. -The citadel of Milan has held out formerly, after the conqueft of the rest of the duchy. Addifon. Pronounce your thoughts: are they still fixt To hold it out, and fight it to the laft? Or are your hearts fubdu'd at length, and wrought,

By time and ill fuccefs, to a fubmiffion? Addison. As to the holding out againft fo many alterations of ftate, it fometimes proceeds from principles. Collier on Pride. 18. To HOLD together. To be joined. Those old Gothic castles, made at feveral times, hold together only, as it were, by rags and patches. Dryden. To HOLD together. To remain in union. Even outlaws and robbers, who break with all the world befides, muft keep faith amongst themselves, or elfe they cannot hold together. Locke. 20. TO HOLD up. To fupport himfelf. All the wife fayings, which philofophers could mufter up, have helped only to fupport fome few ftout and obftinate minds, which, without the afiftance of philofophy, could have held up pretty well themselves. Tillotjon. 21. TO HOLD up. Not

to be foul weather.

Though nice and dark the point appear, Quoth Ralph, it may hold up and clear. Hudib. 2. TO HOLD up. To continue the fame fpeed. -When two ftart into the world together, the fuccefs of the firft feems to prefs upon the reputation of the latter; for why could not he hold up? Collier of Envy. 23. To HOLD with. To adhere -to; to co-operate with.--There is none that boldeth with me in these things but Michael. Daniel. (3.) To HOLD OUT, in modern metaphorical language, is one of the many fashionable exprefons ridiculed by the late prof. J. H. Beattie, in

his humorous dialogue between Swift, a bookfeller, and Mercury, which we have repeatedly quoted. (See BEATTIE, 2, and the articles there referred to.) "Hold out (fays Mercury) is a figurative phrafe of very general ufe: every imaginable conception of the human mind is now fuppofed to have hands and arms for holding out fomething.— Letters from Spain hold out an inimical appearance: This plan or idea holds out great advantages: Diftrefs of mind is held out by phyficians as the caufe of his bad health," &c.

*

(1.) HOLDER.n. J. [from bold.] 1. One that holds or gripes any thing in his hand.—The makers and holders of plows are wedded to their own particular way. Mortimer. 2. A tenant; one that holds land under another.-In times paft holdings were fo plentiful, and holders to fcarce, as well was the landlord, who could not get one to be his tenant. Carew's Survey, of Cornwal.

(2.) HOLDER, William, D. D. and F. R. S. a learned author, born in Nottinghamshire, and educated in Pembroke-hall, Cambridge. In 1642, he became rector of Blechingdon, Oxford; in 1660, D.D.; was afterwards canon of Ely and St Paul's, fub-dean and fub-almoner to K. Charles II. He was very accomplished, and a great virtuofo. He diftinguifhed himself by teaching a young gentleman, who was born deaf and dumb, to fpeak; viz, Alexander Popham, fon of colonel Edward Popham, who was fome time an admiral in the fervice of the long parliament, He taught him in his houfe in Blechingdon in 16593 b but Popham lofing what he had been taught by Holder, after he was called home to his friends, was fent to Dr Wallis, who brought him to his speech again. Holder, published a book entitled "The Elements of Speech; an effay of inquiry into the natural Production of Letters: with an appendix concerning perfons that are deaf and dumb, 1669," 8vo. In the appendix he relates how foon, and by what methods, he brought Popham to fpeak. In 1678 he published in 4to a Supplement to the Philofophical Tranfactions of July 1670, with fome reflections on Dr Wallis's letter there inferted." This was written to claim the glory of having taught Popham 'to fpeak, which Dr Wallis in the faid letter had laid claim to; upon which Wallis published " a Defence of the Royal Socie ty, and the Philofophical Tranfactions, particularly thofe of July 1670, in answer to the Cavils of Dr William Holder, 1678," 4to. Holder was skilled in the theory and practice of mufic, and wrote a Treatife of the natural Grounds and Principles of Harmony, 1694," 8vo. He wrote alfo "a Difcourfe concerning Time, with Application of the natural Day, lunar Month, and folar Year, &c. 1694," 8vo. He died at London, Jan. 24, 1696-7.

(

* HOLDERFORTH. n. . [bold, and forth.] An haranguer: one who speaks in public.

Whence fome tub holdersforth have made In powd'ring tubs the richest trade. Hudibras, He was confirmed in his opinion upon feeing the bolderforth. Addison.

HOLDERNESS, a peninfula in the caft riding. of Yorkihire, forming a promontory between the German ocean on the E. and the Humber on the S.

*HOLDFAST. n. f. [hold and faft.] Any thing

which takes hold; a catch; a hook.-The feveral teeth are furnished with boldfasts fuitable to the ftrefs they are put to. Ray on the Creation.

* HOLDING. n. f. [from bold.] 1. Tenure; farm.-Holdings were so plentiful, and holders fo fcarce, as well was the landlord who could not get a tenant. Carew. 2. It fometimes fignifies the burthen or chorus of a fong. Hanmer.

The bolding every man fhall beat as loud As his ftrong fides can volley. Shak. HOLDSWORTH, Edward, a polite and elegant fcholar, born about 1688, and trained at Winchefter fchool. He was thence elected demy of Magdalen college, Oxford, in July 1705; took the degree of M. A. in April 1711; became a college tutor, and had many pupils. In 1715, when he was to be chofen a fellow, he left the college, because he could not fwear allegiance to the new government. The remainder of his life was fpent in travelling with young noblemen as a tutor: in 1741 and 1744 he was at Rome in this capacity. He died of a fever at Lord Digby's houfe at Colefhill, Dec. 30, 1747. He wrote, 1. Mufcipula, a poem, efteemed a master-piece of its kind, and of which there is a good English tranflation by Dr John Hoadley, in vol. 5. of Dr Dodfley's MiscelJanies: 2. Pharfalia and Philippi; or the two Philippi in Virgil's Georgics attempted to be explained and reconciled to Hiftory, 1741, 4to: 3. Remarks and Differtations on Virgil; with fome other claffical obfervations, published with feveral notes and additional remarks by Mr Spence, 1768, 4to. Mr Spence speaks of him in his Polymetis, as one who understood Virgil in a more mafterly manner than any perfon he ever knew.

HOLDSWORTHY, a large town in Devonfhire, feated between two branches of the Tamar, 43 miles ENE of Exeter, and 215 miles W. by S. of London. Lon. 2. 42. W. Lat. 50. 50. N. (1.) *HOLE. n. f. [bol, Dutch; bole, Saxon.] 1. A cavity narrow and long, either perpendicular or horizontal.

The earth had not a hole to hide this deed. Shak. -A loadstone is fo difpofed, that it fhall draw unto it, on a reclined plane, a bullet of fteel, which, as it afcends near to the loadstone, may fall down through fome hole, and so return to the place whence it began to move. Wilkins's Dedalus.There are the tops of mountains, and under their roots in holes and caverns the air is often detained. Burnet.-2. A perforation; a small intersticial vacuity.-Look upon linen that has fmall boles in it: thofe holes appear black; men are often deceived în taking holes for fpots of ink; and painters, to represent holes, make use of black. Boyle. 3. A cave; a hollow place.-

Upon his bloody finger he doth wear

A precious ring, that lightens all the hole. Shak. 4. A cell of an animal.-A tortoife fpends all his days in a hole, with a house upon his head. L'Eftr. -I have frighted ants with my fingers, and pur. fued them as far as another hole, ftopping all paf fage to their own neft, and it was natural for them to fly into the next hole. Addifon. 5. A mean habitation. Hole is generally ufed, unless in fpeaking of manual works, with fome degree of dif like.

When Alexander first beheld the face Of the great cynick, thus he did lament: How much more happy thou that art content -To live within this little bole, than I

Who after empire, that vain quarry, fly. Dryd, 6. Some fubterfuge or fhift. Ainfaworth. 7. Arm bole. The cavity under the thoulder.-Tickling is moft in the foles, and under the arm-holes and fides. Bacon:

(2.) HOLE, a town of Norway in Aggerhuus.

HOLEGASS, a place in the Helvetic republic, in the canton of Schweitz, near Kuffnacht; where William Tell fhot the Auftrian governor, and thus gave rife to the revolution, which established the Swifs republic. A chapel is built on the spot, in memory of the event.

ria.

HOLENECK, a town of Germany, in Sti

HOLENPURG, a town of Austria. HOLENSTEIN, a town of Bavaria. HOLERACEÆ, [from holus, pot-herbs,] the name of the 12th order in Linnæus's fragments of a natural method, confifting of plants which are ufed for the table, and enter into the economy of domeftic affairs. See BOTANY, Index.

HOLGATE, a river of Yorkshire, which runs into the Swale, 3 miles WSW. of Richmond. HOLIBUT. See PLEURONECTES, No 2. *HOLIDAM. ». f. [bolydame.] Bleffed lady. Hanmer.

By my bolidam, here comes Catharine. Shak. HOLIDAY, Dr Barten, a learned divine and poet, was the fon of a tailor in Oxford, and born there about 1593. He ftudied at Chrift-church college, and in 1615 took orders. "He had been admired for his skill in poetry and oratory; and now distinguishing himself by his eloquence as a preacher, he obtained two benefices in the diocefe of Oxford. In 1618 he went as chaplain to Sir Francis Stewart, when he accompanied Count Gondamore to Spain. Afterwards he became chaplain to the king, and before 1626 was made archdeacon of Oxford. In 1642 he took the degree of D. D. at Oxford; near which place he fheltered himself during the rebellion; but after the restoration returned to his archdeaconry, where he died in 1661. His works are, r. Twenty fermons, published at different times. 2. Philofophia politebarbara fpecimen, 4to. 3. Survey of the world, a poem in ten books, 8vo. 4. Á translation of Juvenal and Perfius. 5. Technogamia, or the Marriage of the Arts, a comedy. * HOLILY, adv. [from holy.] 1. Piously; with fanctity.

Thou would't be great,

Art not without ambition; but without The illnefs fhould attend it: what thou would't highly,

That would't thou bolily.

Shak.

2. Inviolably; without breach.-Friendship, a rare thing in princes, more rare between princes, that fo bolily was obferved to the laft of those two excellent men. Sidney.

*

(1.) HOLINESS. n. f. [from holy.] 1. Sanctity; piety; religious goodness.

Ill it doth befeem your boliness To feparate the husband and the wife. Shak -Religion is rent by difcords, and the boliness of

the

the profeffors is decayed, and full of fcandal. Bacon

Then in full age, and hoary bolinefs, Retire, great teacher, to thy promis'd blifs. Prior. -We fee piety and holiness ridiculed as morofe fingularities. Rogers. 2. The ftate of being hallowed; dedication to religion. 3. The title of the pope.

I here appeal unto the pope,

To bring my whole caufe 'fore his holiness. Shak. -His boline's has told fome English gentlemen, that thofe of our nation should have the privileges. Addifon on Italy.

(2.) HOLINESS was anciently a title given to all bishops, The Greek emperors alfo were addreffed under the title of Holiness, as being anointed with holy oil at their soronation. Du Cange adds, that fome of the kings of England have had the fame attribute; and that the orientals have frequently refused it to the pope.

HOLINSHED, Raphael, an English hiftorian, famous for his Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, was defcended from a good family in Chefhire; but neither the time of his birth, nor events of his life, are known. He appears to have been a man of confiderable learning, and to have had a genius particularly adapted for hiftory. His Chronicles were first published at London in 1570, in 2 vols folio; and then in 1587, in 3 vols. In this 2d edition several fheets in the 2d and 3d vols were caftrated for containing fome paffages difagreeable to Q. Elizabeth and her minifters; but the caftrations have fince been printed apart. Holinfhed was not the fole compiler of this work, being affifted in it by feveral other hands. The time of his death is unknown; but from his will, prefixed to Hearne's edition of Cambden's Annals, it appears to have happened between 1578 and 1582. HOLITZ, a town of Bohemia in Chrudim. HOLKABERG, a town of Sweden, in E. Go

thia.

* HÓLLA. interj. [hola, Fr.] A word ufed in calling to any one at a diftance

Lift, lift! I hear

Some far-off holla break the filent air. Milton. * To HOLLA. v. n. [from the interjection. This word is now vitiously written bollo by the best authors; fometimes halloo.] To cry out loudly.

But I will find him when he lies asleep, And in his ear I'll bolla, Mortimer! Shak. What hollaing and what stir is this to-day? Shak. ·(I.) HOLLAND, a ci-devant province of Europe, the principal of the Dutch States, commonly called the Seven United Provinces, styled by the French the BATAVIAN REPUBLIC, and now the kingdom of Holland. Holland is a peninfula, bounded on the N. and W. by the German Ocean, on the E. by the Zuyder Zee and the ci-devant ftate of Utrecht, and on the S. by the Meuse and the late province of Dutch Brabant. It was divided into North and South Holland. The length of the whole, including the Texel and the other islands of the Meufe, is about 90 miles; the breadth is various, from 15 to 48. It contains go walled towns, befides many others, and above 400 villages. Before the revolution in 1795, fix

large cities had feats in the States General, viz. Dort, Haerlem, Delft, Leyden, Amfterdam, and Gouda. The number of inhabitants is estimated at 800,000. The foil is fo foft and marshy, that but for the conftant care in forming ditches and canals, it would be hardly capable of cultivation; fome part of it lies even lower than the fea, from which it is fecured by dikes. The meadow grounds are rich, and feed great numbers of milch cows; the making of butter and cheese being a principal occupation. Thefe meadows are generally under water during the winter, and the water would remain there at all times, if the inhabitants had not found means to discharge them, by mills invented for this purpose, into the ditches and canals. The Hollanders are affable, induftrious, laborious, abforbed in trade, excellent failors, moderate politicians, and lovers of liberty. A free exercise of religion is allowed to all perfuafions, but Calvinifm is the most prevailing. This country was anciently inhabited by the Batavians, who derived their origin from the Catti, a people of Germany. Having been obliged to abandon their country on account of civil wars, they came to establish themselves in an island, formed by the waters of the Rhine and Wahal or Leck, and named their country Batavia, or Betuwe, from Batton, the fon of their king. These people ferved in the Roman armies in quality of auxiliary troops; and hiftorians inform us, that fome of them were at the battle of Pharfalia. They formed the ordinary guard of the emperor Auguftus. The services which they rendered Germanicus in Germany, were fo important, that the fenate gave them the appellation of brothers. They had afterwards a confiderable fhare in the conqueft of Britain, under Plancius and Agricola. They ftrengthened the party of Galba, and afterwards that of Vitellius; and it was principally to their valour, that Julian the Apostate was indebted for the victory he obtained over the Germans near Strasburg. The name of Holland is faid to have been given it on account of the vaft and thick forefts of wood with which it was at one time covered; Holtlant, in German, fignifying woodland. Others think that the Normans, who made a defcent here about 836, gave the country this name, founding their opi nion on the resemblance of names found in this country to thofe in Denmark and Norway, the ancient refidence of the Normans, as Zealand, Oland, Schagen, Bergen, &c. On the decline of the Roman empire, the Batavians, having thrown off their yoke, came under the dominion of the Saxons, and then of the French, under Childeric I. king of France. The Normans and the Danes were the next masters, from the time of Charlemagne, and ravaged the country three times with fire and fword. When they were driven away, Charles the Bald, emperor and king of France, erected Holland into a county, in 863, in favour of Thierry, duke of Aquintaine, who, five years after, was alfo made count of Zealand, by Lewis king. of Germany. In 1299 the county of Holland devolved to the counts of Hainault; and, in 1436, it fell to Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, and afterwards to the emperor Maximilian, whose defcendant, Philip II. king of Spain, was the laft count of Holland; the feven provinces revolting

from