for fquaring the circle are in mathematical demonftration. His book on human nature is esteemed the beft of his works." HOBBIMA, Minderhout, an eminent landscape painter, born about 1611 at Antwerp. He ftudied entirely after nature, and his choice was exceedingly picturesque. He was particularly fond of defcribing flopes diverfified with fhrubs, plants, or trees, which conduct the eye to some building, ruin, grove, or piece of water, and frequently to a delicate remote distance, every object perspectively contributing to delude our obfervation to that point. The figures which he defigned are but indifferent. Conscious of his inability in that refpect, he admitted but few figures into his defigns, and ufually placed them somewhat removed; from the immediate view at a prudent distance from the front line. However, moft of his pictures were fupplied with figures by Oftade, Teniers, and other famous mafters, which give them a great additional value. They are very scarce. *HOBBLE. n. f. [from the verb.] Uneven awkward gait. One of his heels is higher than the other, which gives him a hobble in his gait. Gulliver's Travels.. *To HOBBLE. V. n. [to hop, to hopple, to bobble.] 1. To walk lamely or awkwardly upon one leg more than the other; to hitch; to walk with unequal and encumbered steps. 4. A ftupid fellow. I have studied eight or nine wife words to speak to you, which these hobby horses must not hear. Shakespeare. (2.) HOBBY, § 1, def. 1. See FALCO, N° 38. HOBEIRA, a fortrefs of Afiatic Turkey, in the Arabian Irak; 70 miles S. of Bagdad. HOBGOBLIN. n. J. [according to Skinner, for robgoblins, from Robin Goodfellow, Hob being the nickname of Robin: but more probably, according to Wallis and Junius, hopgoblins, empuja, because they do not move their feet: whence, fays Wallis, came the boys play of fox in the hole, the fox always hopping on one leg.] A frightful fairy. Fairies, black, grey, green, and white, Attend your office and your quality : Crier bobgoblin, make the fairy o-yes. * HOBIŤ. n. S. A small mortar to shoot little bombs. 1 Shak. HOBKIRK, anciently HOBSKIRK, a parish of Scotland, in Roxburghshire, 12 miles long and 3 broad. The furface is mountainous; the foil partly light, fandy, and barren; partly a very fertile deep ftrong clay. It abounds with lime-ftone, free-ftone, and fine pebbles, beautifully variegated with red and yellow, great quantities of which are carried to Sheffield and Birmingham, and cut into buttons and feals. About 1000 acres are under tillage; and produce oats, barley, pease, turnips, The friar was hobbling the fame way too. Dryd. potatoes, and fome wheat. The climate is moist, Some perfons continued a kind of hobbling march but healthful. The population in 1791, stated by on the broken arches, but fell through. Addifon.-,the Rev. J. Riccalton, in his report to Sir J. SinWas he ever able to walk without leading-ftrings, without being discovered by his hobbling? Saift. a. To move roughly or unevenly. Feet being afcribed to verses, whatever is done with feet is likewife afcribed to them.-Those ancient Romans had a fort of extempore poetry, or untuneable hobbling verse. Dryden. While you Pindarick truths rehearse, She bubbles in alternate verse. Prior. * HOBBLER. n.ƒ. [from bobby.] For twenty bobblers armed, Irishmen fo called, because they ferved on hobbies, he paid fix-pence a-piece per diem. Davies. * HOBBLINGLY, adv. [from hobble.] Clumfily; awkwardly; with a halting gait. (1.)* HOBBY. n. f. [bobereau, Fr.] 1. A fpecies of hawk. They have fuch a hovering poffeffion of the Valteline, as an hobby hath over a lark, Bacon. The people will chop like trouts at an artificial fly, and dare like larks under the awe of a painted hobby. L'Etrange E Larks lie dar'd to fhun the bobby's flight. Dryd. As young.children, who are try'd in clair, was 700; and had increased 170 fince 1755The number of horses was 150; of theep, 9000; and of black cattle 500. The celebrated Lord HEATHFIELD was born in this parish. See ELIOTT. HOBLERS, or HOBILERS, [Hobelării,] in ancient English cuftoms, were men who, by their tenure, were obliged to maintain a light horse or hobby, for the certifying any invafion towards the fea-fide. The name was alfo ufed for certain Irith knights, who used to ferve as light horsemen upon hobbies. HOBNAIL. n. f. [from bobby and nail.] : A nail ufed in fhoeing a hobby or little horse; a nail with a thick ftrong head.-Steel, if thou turn thine edge, I befeech Jove on my knees thou may'ft be turned into hobnails. Shak.-We shall buy maidens as they buy bobnails, by the hundred. Shak. * HOBNAILED. adj. [from hobnail.] Set with hobnails. Would't thou, friend, who haft two legs alone, Would't thou, to run the gauntlet, these expofe To a whole company of bobnail'd shoes? Dryd. * HOB-NOB. This is probably corrupted from hab-nab by a coarse pronunciation. See HAB-NAB. His incenfement at this moment is fo implacable, that fatisfaction there can be none, but pangs of death and fepulchre: hobnob is his word; give't, or take'te Shak. HOBOO. 7. f. a name given by the people of Otaheite, and in the neighbouring iflands of the South Sea, to their: fuperfine cloth. It is the thinnest and most finished preparation of the aouta. HOBROE, * HOBROE, a town of Denmark, in N. Jutland. HOBSHEE GOFFREES, a kind of Abyffinian Alaves very frequentin Hindoftan. They come moftly from Innariah, à province fubject to the Negus of Ethiopia to the fouth of his other dominions, and bordering upon Negroland in Africa; from whence they are fetected; and a great traffic made of them over all Mogoliftan and Perfia; but they are chiefly brought from the ports of Arabia and the Red Sea. Nothing can betimagined more fmooth or gloffy, and perfectly black, than their fkin, in which they far furpafs the negroes on the coaft of Guinea; and generally have not their thick lips, though they are as woolly haired. They are highly valued for their courage, fidelity, and fhrewdnefs; in which they fo far excel, as often to be raised to pofts of great honour, and made governors of places under the title of SIDDEES. HOBSON'S CHOICE, à vulgar proverbial ex preffion, applied to that kind of choice in which there is no alternative. It is faid to be derived from the name of a carrier at Cambridge, who let out hackney horfes, and obliged each customer to take in his turn that horfe which stood next the ftable door: HOBY, a town of Swedèn, in Sudermania. HOCHAUS, a town of Austria, 9 miles S. W. of Aigen. a lieutenant's commiffion in the regiment of Rou ergue; which he joined, June 24, 1792, in the garrifon at Thionville, where he firft diftinguished himself in action. After this, being drafted into the army of the Ardennes, he performed the most effential fervices. under Gen. Leveneur; particu larly at that critical `period, when the treachery of Dumourier and Miranda had endangered the deftruction of the army of the North. But it would fwell this article beyond all due bounds, were we to follow our hero through all the glo rious fcenes in which he was engaged, from the time that he was appointed general in chief; or attempt to delineate his brilliant actions at Wert, Weiffembourg, Freifchweiller, Germersheim, Worms, Spire, Fort Vauban, &c. It was in the midst of this career of victory, that the en vy of his enemies procured him to be apprehended and lodged in the conciergerie at Paris, from which he was not liberated till the memorable 9th of Thermidor 1795. Upon his liberation he was put upon the most disagreeable service in which a patriot can be engaged, a conflict with his countrymen. "How happy (said Hoche) are they, who have only Pruffians and Auftrians to con quer !" But the refult of the arduous fervice in La Vendee produced fresh laurels to Hoche. InAftead of the horrid fyftem of pillage, conflagration, and maffacre, followed by his predeceflors, Gen. Hoche, by adopting mild and conciliatory mea fures, acquired as much glory in the pacification of the agitated departments, as he had previously done by his undaunted bravery and military skills in oppofing the foreign enemies of the republic; and his wife plans were the chief cause of the fail ure of our unfortunate expedition to QUIBERON! Hoche's zeal for his country led him to think, that an invafion of England or Ireland was not only practicable, but that it would be crowned with fuccefs. The latter measure was at last attempt ed, and its failure is well known. Our hero's feelings may be easier conceived than defcribed. His narrow escape in the Fraternité, through the midft of the British fleet, hardly leffened the dif appointment. Being afterwards appointed to the command of the, army of the Sambre and Meufe, he led his troops to new victories; and Monta bour, Dierdorff, Altenkirchen, &c. witnessed their valour.-But the career of this great general was n drawing near a clofe. The exceflive fatigues he had undergone, with his extreme temperance, had impaired his conftitution, and brought on a gradual decay, attended with an inceflant cough and difficulty of breathing while the unfettled state of affairs at Paris added to his distress of body, by increafing his anxiety of mind. At the anniversary of the 10th of Aug. 1797, however, he felt a temporary relief; delivered an animated address to the army, and prefided at the entertainment; and the news of the revolution of the 18th Fructidor infpired him with fresh fpirit and animation. But though he feemed to be better for fome days after, he died on the 30th (Sept. 17) at Wetzlar, in the 30th-year of his age, not without fufpicion of flow poison. His last words were, "Farewel my friends! Defire the Directory to take care of Belgium." He was interred with great pomp. at Coblentz, and every mark of HOCHBERG, a marquifate of Brifgaw, in the circle of Suabia, belonging to the prince of Baden Dourlach. hemo. HOCHE, Lazarus, a late celebrated general in' the fervice of the late French republic, was born on the 24th June 1768, in the suburbs of Versailles. His mother died in confequence of his birth. His father kept Lewis XV's dog kennel. Such an origin precluded him from the advantages of a liberal education. By the kindness of his aunt, who was a greengrocer at Verfailles, he was taught to read and write, and while at fchool he was always at the head of his class. From his infancy (fays his biographer, citizen Alex Rouffelin) he always wanted to know the reafon of things. He questioned older perfons; liftened eagerly to their replies, and often confounded them by this ingenuity in starting difficulties." That he might be no longer a burden on his aunt, he engaged as a table-boy at Versailles. But an accidental glance at a work of Rouffeau's deter mined him to travels: For this purpose he enlifted for the Eaft Indies, but was tricked into the French guards. He was only 16, when he was ordered to join his regiment at Paris.Anxious to makeup for the deficiency of his education; he employed all his deifure hours, and even part of those usually spentrin fleep, in embroidering caps, the profits of which labour, he devoted chiefly to the purchase of books. These he read with avidity, and foon made himself master of the theory of military tactics. His merit foon attracted no tice, and the was raised to the rank of corporal in 1788. The French guards were the chief caufe of turning the feale against the court in favour of the people, on the 14th July 1789, at the attack on the Baftile, and Hoche was one of the first in leading on the affault, When La Fayette new modelled the corps Hoche was promoted; and foon after, Servan, then minifter at war, fent him refpect refpect was paid to his memory. He was married in 1795, and had one child. His character for probity, temperance, juftice, and humanity, as well as for courage and military fkill, has been equalled by few, excelled by none, during the whole course of the French revolution. HOCHENAU, a town of Auftria. HOCHENEG, a town of Germany, in Stitia. HOCHERLIZ, a town of Bohemia. HOCHFELDEN, a town of France in the dep. of the Lower Rhine, 9 miles WSW of Haguenau, and 12 NW. of Strafburg. HOCHKIRCHEN, a town of Lufatia, near which Frederick the Great, K. of Pruffia, was defeated in 1738. It is 6 miles SE. of Budiffen. HOCHSCHEID, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and ci-devant county of Sponheim; now annexed to France, and in cluded in the dep. of Rhine and Mofelle 7 miles SE. of Taarbach. (1.) HOCHST, a town of Franconia, in the county of Wertheim, 11 miles N. of Erbach. (2.) HOCHST, a town of Germany, in the elec torate of Mentz, on the Maine, 6 miles W. of Francfort, and 14 E. of Mentz. (1.) HOCHSTADT, a town of Bohemia. (2.) HOCHSTADT, a town of Germany, in Hanau-Munzenberg, 3 miles NW. of Hanau. (3.) HOCHSTADT, a town of Franconia, in Bamberg, 11 m. NW. of Erlang, and 13.8. of Bamberg. (4.) HOCHSTADT, or a town of Germany, in HOCHSTETT, the circle of Suabia, and principality of Newberg, remarkable for the great battle gained near it by the duke of Marlborough in 1704, called the battle of Blenheim, from a vil lage 3 miles diftant. See BLENHEIM, and ENGLAND, 72. It is feated on the Danube, 22 m. NE. of Ulm. Lon. 10:33. E. Lat. 38. 48. N. HOCHSTETTER, Andrew Adam, a protef tant divine, born at Tubingen in 1698. He was profeffor of divinity in that univerfity, and after wards rector. His chief works are, Y. Collegium Puffendorfianum: 2. De Fefto Expiationis et hirco Azahel: 3. De Conradino, ultimo ex Suevis duce 3 5. De Rebus Albigenfibus. He died in 3717. HO-CHUN, a town of China, of the 3d rank, in the province of Chan-fi: 32 m, S. of Ping-ting. HOCHWEISH, a town of Hungary, 20 miles WSW. of Kremnitz. * *To HOCKwai [from the noun.} To difable in the hock. * (1.) * Hock. m. f. [The fame with bough; bab, Sax.] The joint between the knee and the fetlock, (2.) *Hock." {n. [from Hockheim on the *HOCKAMORE. Maine. Old strong Rhenish. Reftor'd the fainting high and mighty," With brandy, wine, and aqua vita; And made 'em foutly overcome With bachrach, hockamore, and mum. Hudibras. Wine becomes fharp, as hock, like vitriolick acidity. Floyer If cyder royal fhould become unpleasant, and as unfit to bottle as old boskamore, mix one hogshead of that and one of tart new cyder together. “Mortimer. (1.) HOCKHEIM, a town of the French republic, in the dept. of Mont Tonnere, and ci-devant bishopric of Worms: 3 miles W. of Worms. (2.)HOCKHEIM, a town of Germany, in the cir. cle of the Lower Rhine, and electorate of Mentz, at the conflux of the Rhine and Maine; famous for its wine. (See Hock, N° 2.) It is 4 m. ENE of Mentz, and 16 W. of Francfort. HOCKHERB. m. f. [book and herb.]. A plant; the fame with mallows. Ainforth, HOCKHOCKING, a river of the United States, in the N. Wettern Territory, which runs into the Ohio, 18 miles SW. of Marietta. It is 80 yarde broad at its mouth, and ia navigable by large boate for 70 miles up. To HOCKLE. v. a. [from hock. To hamftring; to cut the finews about the ham or hough. Hanmer. (1.) HOCUS POCUS. The original of this word is referred by Tillotson to a form of the Ro mish church. Junius derives it from hacced, Welin, a cheat, and poke or porus, a bag, jugglers using a bag for conveyance. It is corrupted from fome words that had once a meaning, and which per haps cannot be discovered.) A juggle; a cheat.This gift of bocus pocuffing, and of disguifing mat ters, is furprifing. Efrange. (2.) HOCUS POCUs, is thought to be derived from that arch legerdemain trick of the Romish priests converting the facramental bread into Deity; in which wonderful metamorphofis the words hoc eft corpus make a confpicuous part of the ceres mony, To HOD. n, f. [corrupted perhaps in contempt from hood, a hod being carried on the head.] A kind of trough in which a labourer carries mortar to the masons. A fork and a hook to bo tampering in clay, A lathy hammer, trowel, a bod or a tray. Tuffer. HODAL, a fea port of Sweden, in W. Gothia. HODDER, a river of Yorkshire, which runs into the Ribble, 6 miles N. of Blackburn. HODDESDON, a town of England, in Hertfordshire, near the Lea, with a market on Wednefday: 4 m. S. of Hertford, and 17 N. of London, (1.) HODDOM, a parish of Scotland in Dumfries-fhire, in the diftrict of Annandale, about 16 miles SE. of Dumfries. The old parishes of Ecclesfechan and Line were conjoined with it, about 16401 Thefe united parishes are 5 miles long and a broad. The foil is very various. Inclosures prevail, and husbandry is much improved, lime being plentiful, and the roads excellent, the turnpike to Moffat running through the parish. The chief crops are bats and barley: 1700 bushels of barley, 400 of oats, and 3500 ftones of oatmeal, are exported annually. About 12 acres are under flax and hemp. The population, in 1791, ftated by the Rev. J. Yorftoun, in his report to Sir J. Sin clair, was 198, and had decreased as fince 1755The number of horfes was 459; of theep 1078; of black cattle 103; and of wine 2353 which laft Mr Yorftoun reckons the most profitable Rock of any o (2) HODDOM CASTLE, an ancient castle in the above parish; demolished several centuries ago, in terms of a border treaty. It was rebuilt by L.. Herries, in the reign of Q. Mary, on the other fide of the Annan, in the parish of Cummertrees; enlarged in the 17th century by John E. of Annandale; and much improved in the 18th by Mr Sharp of Hoddom, the proprietor. HODEGOS, taking of Conftantinople, &c. which was published in 1742 by Dr Jebb. HODEGOS, [önyos, i. e. a guide.] is chiefly ufed as the title of a book compofed by Anaftafius the Sinate, in the end of the 5th century; being a method of disputing against the heretics, particularly the Acephali. Mr Toland publifhed a differtation under the fame title. Its fubject is the pillar of fire, &c. which went before the Ifraelites as a guide in the defert. HODEIDA, a port of Arabia, on the Red Sea. * HODGE-PODGE, î. f. [bachè pachè, bochepot, quafi bachis en pot, French.] A medley of ingredients boiled together. They have made our English tongue a gallimaufrey, or hodge-podge of all other fpeeches. Spenfer.-It produces excellent corn, whereof the Turks make their trachana and bouhourt, a certain hodge-podge of fundry ingredients. Sandys's Travels. HODGES, Nathaniel, M. D. a learned Englifh phyfician, fon of the Rev. Dr Thomas Hodges, dean of Hereford. He was educated in Weftminfter, and graduated at Oxford in 1659. He fettled in London; practifed with great fuccefs during the plague in 1665, and was made fellow of the college of phyficians in 1672; but was afterwards confined in Ludgate jail for debt, where he died in 1684. He wrote, 1. Vindicia Medicina et Medicorum: 1660, 8vo. 2. Asiporoyız; 1672, 8vo. This work was tranflated into English by Dr Quincy, and printed at London in 8vo, 1720. It gives an hiftorical account of the plague in 1665. 3. Au Account of the rife, progrefs, fymptoms, and cure of the plague. Lond. 1721. * HODIERNAL. adj. bodiernus, Latin.] Of to-day. (1.) * HODMAN. 7. f. [hod and man.] A la bourer that carries mortar. (2.) HODMAN was alfo a cant term formerly ufed for a young scholar admitted from Weftmin. fter fchool to be student in Chrift-church in Oxford. * HODMANDOD. n. f. A fish.—Those that caft the thell are the lobfter, the crab, the crawfish, and the bodmandod or dodman. Bacon. HODUCISKI, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Wilna, 36 miles S. of Breslau. HODY, Humphry, a learned English divine, born in 1659. At 21 years of age he published his celebrated Differtation against Arifteus's hiftory of the 70 interpreters; which was received with great applaufe by all the learned, except Ifaac Voffius, who could not bear to have his opinions oppofed by fuch a youth. He treated the fubject more fully 20 years after, in his De Bibliorum textibus originalibus verfionibus, Græcis & Latina vulgata, libri IV. In 1689 he wrote the Prolegomena to John Melala's Chronicle, printed at Oxford; and in 1690 was made chaplain to Bp. Stillingfleet. The deprivation of the nonjuring bifhops engaged him in a controverfy with Mr Dodwell; which recommended him to Abp. Tillotson, to whom, and his fucceffor Dr Tennifon, he was chaplain. In 1698 he was made regius profeffor of Greek at Oxford, and archdeacon in 1704. On the controverfy about the convocation, he, in 1701, publifhed a Hiftory of English councils and convocations, and of the clergy's fitting in parliament, &c. He died in 1706, leaving in MS. an account of thofe learned Grecians who retired to Italy on the VOL, XI. PART II, (1.)* HOE. n. f. [houe, Fr. house, Dutch.] An instrument to cut up the earth, of which the blade is at right angles with the handle. They should be thinned with a boe. Mortimer. (2.) A HOɛ is fomewhat like a cooper's adze, to cut up weeds in gardens, fields, &c. This inftrument is of great ufe, and ought to be much more employed than it is, in hacking and clearing the feveral corners and patches of land, in spare times of the year, which would be no small advantage to it. See HORSE-HOE and HOEING. * To HOE. v. a. [houer, Fr. hourven, Dutch.] To cut or dig with a hoe. They must be continually kept with weeding and boeing. Mortimer. (1.) HOEDIC, an ifland of France, in the Britifh Channel, on the coaft of the dep. of Morbihan, 9 miles E. of Belleifle, and 12 SE. of Quiberon. (2.) HOEDIC, a town and fort on the above ifland. Lon. 14. 42. E. of Ferro. Lat. 47. 18. N. HOEING, in the new husbandry, is the breaking or dividing the foil by tillage while the corn or other plants are growing thereon. It differs from common tillage (which is always performed before the corn or plants are fown or planted) in the time of performing it; and it is much more beneficial to the crops than any other tillage. This fort of tillage is performed various ways, and by means of different inftruments, as defcribed under RURAL ECONOMY, Part II. Sect. VIH. (1.) HOEI-TCHEOU, the moft southern city of the province of Kiang-nan, in China, and one of the richeft of the empire. The people are economical, active, and enterprifing. Their tea, varnifh, and engravings, are the moft efteemed in China. It has dependent upon it fix cities of the third clafs; the mountains which furround this Canton contain gold, filver, and copper mines. (2.) HOEI-TCHEOU, a city of China in the prov. of Quang-tong, 1010 miles S. of Pekin. Lon. 131. 45 E. of Ferro. Lat. 23. 1. N. HOELTZLINUS, Jeremias, a learned author of the 17th century, who was born at Nuremberg, and fettled at Leyden. He published an edition of Apollonius Rhodius; and died at Leyden in 1641. HEMATOPUS. See HEMATOPUS, and Pl. CLXXII. HOENZOLLERN. See HOHENZOLLERN. HOEROMSK, a town of Norway. HOESCHELIUS, David, a learned German, born at Augfburg in 1556. He was made principal of the college of St Anne; and being also librarian, be enriched the library with a great number of Greek books and MSS. He published editions of Origen, Bafil, Philo Judæus, Gregory of Nyffa, Gregory of Nazianzum, Chryfoftom, Appian, Photius, Procopius, Anna, Comnena, Hori Apollinis Hieroglyphica, &c. fome with Latin tranflations, others in Greek only with notes. In 1595, he published a catalogue of the Greek MSS. in the Augsburg library, which, for order and judi cious arrangement, is esteemed a masterpiece. He died at Augsburg in 1617, much regretted. HOESHT. See HOCHST, N° 1. HOESSERING, a town of Luneburg Zell. A a a HOEY. HOEY-NIM HOTUN, a town of Corea. (1.) HOFF, a town of Moravia, in Olmutz. (2, 3.) HOFF, a town of Franconia, which has 4 churches, an academy, and woollen manufactures: feated near fome fine marble quarries, upon the Saale, which runs through it, and divides it into the Old and New towns. I. HOFF, NEW, was founded in the 13th century by the dukes of Meran: and ftudies in claffical learning and philofophy, and then applied with the utmoft ardour to phyfic. In 1641, he went to the university of Padua, which then abounded with men very learned in all fciences. Anatomy and botany were the great objects of his purfuit ; and he became very deeply killed in both. After 3 years, he returned to Áltorf, to affift his uncle, now growing infirm, in his business; and taking the degree of M. D. he applied himself to practice, in which he had great fuccefs, and acquired great fame. In 1648 he was made profeffor extraordinary in anatomy and chirurgery; in 1649, profeffor of phyfic, and foon after member of the college of phyficians; in 1633, profeffor of botany, and director of the phyfic-garden. He acquitted himself excellently in thefe various employments, and, in his profeffion, his reputation was fo high and extenfive, that many princes of Germany appointed him their phyfician. He died of an apoplexy in 1698, aged 76, after having published a great number of works, and married 3 wives, by whom he had 18 children. II. HOFF, OLD, was founded in 1080. They lie 22 miles NNE. of Bareuth, and 46 NE. of Bamberg. Lon. 29. 40. E. of Ferro. Lat. 50. 14. N. HOFFELEN, a town of Auftria. HOFFHEIM, a town of Franconia. HOFFKIRCHEN, a town of Austria. (1.) HOFFMAN, Daniel, a German divine, born in 1539. He was profeffor of the univerfity of Helmftadt, from 1598, and maintained that philofophy was a mortal enemy to religion; and that what was true in philofophy was falfe in theology. Thefe abfurd and pernicious tenets occafioned a warm and extenfive controverfy. At length Hoffman was compelled by Julius duke of Brunswick to retract his invectives against philofophy, and to acknowledge, in the most open manner, the harmony and union of found philofophy with true and genuine theology. He died in 1611, aged 72.3. (2) HOFFMAN, Frederic, M. D. an eminent phyficfan, born at Hall near Magdeburg in 1660. He took his degree in 1681; was made profeffor of phyfic at Hall in 1693; and filled the chair till his death, in 1742. His works were collected at Geneva in 6 large vols folio, 1748 and 1754. The moft remarkable incidents of his life are, his journey into Holland and England, where he became intimately acquainted with Paul Herman and Robert Boyle; his never taking any fees, as he was fupported by an annual ftipend; his caring those great perfonages of inveterate difeafes, the emprefs, the emperor Charles VI. and Frederic I. king of Pruffia; his teaching that acid and mine ral waters might be drunk with milk, with fafety and advantage, which phyficians before had generally reckoned pernicious; his difcovering the vir tues of Seltzer and Lauchftad waters in preventing and curing ftubborn difeafes; and his preparing and recommending an acid cathartic falt from the waters of Sedlic, which was commonly used in Germany. He died in his 82d year. (3) HOFFMAN, John James, profeffor of Greek at Bafle, was born at Baile in 1635. He published at Geneva, in 1677, a learned work entitled Lexicon Univerfale Hiftorico-Geographico-PoeticoPhilofophico-Politico-Philologicum; in 2 vols folio. He afterwards enlarged it with a fupplement; and died at Bafle, in 1706, aged 71. (4.) HOFFMAN, Maurice, M. D. was born of a good family, at Furstenwalde, in Brandenbourg, Sept. 20, 1621; and was driven early from his native country by war and peftilence. In 1637 he was fent to ftudy in the college of Colun. Famine and the plague drove him from thence to Kopnik, where he buried his father; and in 1638 he went to Altorf, to his maternal uncle, who was a profeffor of phyfic. Here he finished his (5.) HOFFMAN, John Maurice, fon of the Dr (N° 4.) by his firft wife, was born at Altorf in 1653; and fent to a school at Herfzprugk, where, having acquired a competent knowledge of the Greek and Latin, he returned to his father at Altorf at 16, and studied philofophy and phyfic. He went afterwards to Frankfort on the Oder, and next to Padua, where he ftudied two years. Then making a tour of part of Italy, he returned to Altorf in 1674, and was admitted M. D. In 1677, he was made profeffor extraordinary in phyfic, and in 1681, profeffor in ordinary. In procefs of time his fame was spread so far and wide, that he was fought after by perfons of the fift rank. George Frederic, marquis of Anfpach, chofe him for his phyfician; when Hoffman attended him into Italy, and renewed his acquaintance with the learned there. Upon the death of his father in 1698, he fucceeeded him in his places of botanic profeffor and director of the phyfic garden. He was elected also rector of the univer fity of Altorf; a poit which he had occupied in 1686. He loft his great friend and patron the marquis of Anfpach, in 1703: but found the fame kindness from his fucceffor William Frederic, who preffed him fo earueftly to refide nearer, and made him likewife fuch advantageous offers, that, in 1713, he removed from Altorf to Anfpach, where he died in 1727. He had married a wife in 1681, by whom he had five children. He published a great number of works, which are highly efteemed. HOFFMANNISTS, in ecclefiaftical history, those who efpoufed the fentiments of Daniel Hoffman. See HOFFMAN, N° 1. HOFFWA, a town of Sweden, in W. Gothland, where king Valdemar I. was taken prifoner by his brother Magnus. It is 80 miles NE. of Uddevalla. HOFLEIN, a town of Auftria. HOFTERWITZ, a town of Upper Saxony. (1.) * HOG, n. f. [bauch, Welch.] 1. The general name of fwine.-This will raife the price of bogs, if we grow all to be pork-eaters. Shak The bog, that plows not, nor obeys thy call, Lives on the labours of this Lord of all. Pope. 2. A caftrated boar. 3. To bring HOGS to a fair market. |