ftopped neither by rivers nor mountains. In the tenfive correfpondence on this fubject, between ftru&t! to the following purpose: "I have not been able to collect any decided information which fixes the effential point, how far the infect may be communicated by feed. It is a matter at this time quite undecided here: nor have I heard or ob ferved any very conclufive reason to suppose that the fly makes its way generally into barns and ricks. A very intelligent farmer in the county of Bucks informed me, that it was the prevailing opinion there, and fo I found it, that the fly did not, either in the field or in the mow, affect the grain of the wheat: a neighbour of his, in threshing the little wheat he had faved last harvest, obferved the fly rife from the ftraw in great numbers wherever it was ftruck by the flail; but though it was at firft prefumed that the fly had infinuated itself into the mow for the purpose of depofiting its eggs in the grain or in the ftraw, no trace of the egg could be difcovered from the appearance of any mucus or duft, either in the grain or in the ftraw; hence it was inferred that all the mischief was done in the field." * HEST. n. f. [baft, Sax.] Command; precept; injunction. Obfolete, or written beheft.— Thou doft affli& the not-deferver, As him that doth thy lovely befts despise. Spenf. To act her earthy and abhorr'd commands, Shak. HESTER, a town of Sweden, in E. Gothia. ftructive infect have been in any degree effectual, excepting that of fowing the yellow bearded wheat; the ftraw of which is fufficiently ftrong to refift the impreffion of the infect, and, even if its eggs are depofited upon it, receives little injury in point of produce in grain: this provides, however, no remedy for the lofs of the barley crop, nor for that which must be incurred by fowing the yellow-bearded wheat on lands better fuited by nature for the produce of other kinds: it appears alfo that this very kind is liable to degenerate, and probably from a different caufe than that affigned by colonel Morgan, viz. the mixture with common wheat. 9. Though the Agricultural Society at Philadelphia, as well as colonel Morgan, have declared their opinions decifively, that no danger can arife from wheat imported in to Britain, as the infect has no immediate connec, tion with the grain; yet, with nearly, if not exactly the fame materials before him, which thefe gentlemen were furnished with, Sir Jofeph Banks could not avoid drawing an inference directly contrary; and he concludes his report with the words of Mr Bond in a letter to the marquis of Caermarthen. "Satisfactory as it would be to my feelings to be able to say with precilion, that I apprehend no danger of extending the mischief by feed, my duty urges me to declare, that I have not heard or feen any conclufive fact by which I could decide on a matter of such importance; and till that teft occurs, the wifdom of guarding againft fo grievousa calamity is obvious." On the 27th of April 1786, another paper, by way of appendix to the foregoing, was given in by Sir Jofeph Banks. In this he again obferves, that none of the defcriptions of any European infect hitherto published answer exactly to the Heffian fly. In a letter from Mr Bond to the marquis of Caermarthen, he mentions another kind of infect in the ftate of Maryland, called by way of eminence the fly; and which in fome things refembles the Heffian fly, though it cannot be ac. counted the fame. It makes its way into the mow, and bites the ends of the grain perceptibly, and no doubt depofits its eggs in the grain itself; fince it has been obferved, that wheat recently threshed, and laid in a dry warm place, will foon be covered with an extreme clammy cruft, which binds the wheat on the furface together in fuch a way as to admit its being lifted in lumps; but the wheat beneath will not be hurt to any confider. able depth. Such is the quality of this fly, that if the hand be inferted into the heap infefted by it, watery blifters are immediately raifed; and the farmers and flaves, riding upon bags of this infected wheat, never fail to be feverely blistered thereby. "This infect (fays he) is called in Mary. land the Revolution fly, by the friends of the British government; but, from all I can learn, it is not the fame infect which originated on Long Island,' and is called the Heffian fly (by way of opprobium) by those who favoured the revolution. All the papers I have read on the Heffian fly are very accurate, not to say contradictory; and I am convinced, it is by no means a fettled point at this moment, in what manner and place the eggs of thefe infects are depofited." In another letter to the fame nobleman, Mr Bond expreffes himself in HESYCHIUS, the most celebrated of all the ancient Greek grammarians, whofe works are extant. He was a Chriftian; and, according to fome, the fame with Hefychius, patriarch of Jerufalem, who died in 609. He wrote a Greek lexicon; which, in the opinion of Cafaubon, is the moft learned and ufeful work of that kind produced by the ancients. Schrevelius published a good edition of it in 1668, in 4to, with notes; but the beft are thofe of John Alberti, printed at Leyden in 1746, and Ruhnkenius, in 1766; both in z vols folio. HETERIARCH, ['tagaga, Gr. from 'Ti HETERIARCHA, gos, an ally, and agx", command.] in antiquity, an officer in the Greek empire, whereof there were two fpecies; the one called fimply heteriarch, and the other great beteriarch, who had the direction of the former. Their principal function was to command the troops of the allies; befides which, they had fome other duties in the emperor's court, defcribed by Codin: De Officiis, cap. 5. n. 30, 31, 32, 37. (1.) * HETEROCLITE. [beteroclite, Fr. beteroclitum, Lat. 'irigos and xxv.] 1. Such nouns as vary from the common forms of declenfion, by any redundancy, defect, or otherwife. Clarke.The beteroclite nouns of the Latin fhould not be touched in the first learning of the rudiments of the tongue. Watts. 2. Any thing or perfon deviating from the common rule. (2.) HETEROCLITE, HETEROCLITION,(§ 1, def. 1.) [from 'regos, another, and xx, to decline.} in grammar, an anomalous word, which either in declenfion, conjugation, or regimen, deviates from the ordinary rules of grammar. It is peculiarly applied to nouns which vary or are irregular in declenfion; declenfion; having fewer cafes, numbers, &c. than ordinary; or that of one declenfion in one number, and another: as, Hoc vas, vafis; hæc vafa, vaforum. HETEROCLITICAL. adj. [from heteroclite.] Deviating from the common rule. In the mention of fins beteroclitical, and fuch as want either name or precedent, there is oft-times a fin, even in their hiftories. Brown's Vulgar Errours. (1.) HETERODOX. adj. [beterodoxe, Fr. Frig✪ and 8oža.] Deviating from the established opinion; not orthodox.-Partiality may be obferved in fome to vulgar, in others to heterodox tenets. Locke. (2.) * HETERODOX. n.s. An opinion peculiar.Not only a fimple beterodox, but a very hard paradox it will feem, and of great abfurdity, if we fay attraction is unjustly appropriated unto the loadstone: Brown's Vulgar Errours. HETERODROMUS VECTIS, a lever in which the fulcrum, or point of fufpenfion, is between the weight and the power. It is the fame with what is called a lever of the firft kind. HETEROGENEAL. adj. [beterogene, Fr. Tigos and yves.] Not of the fame nature; not kindred.-Let the body adjacent and ambient be not commaterial, but merely heterogeneal towards the body that is to be preserved; fuch are quickfilver and white amber to herbs and flies. Bacon's Natural Hiftory. The light whofe rays are all alike refrangible, I call fimple, homogeneal, and fimilar; and that whofe rays are fome more refrangible than others, I call compound, heterogeneal, and diffimilar. Newton. (1.)* HETEROGENEITY. n. f. [heterogeneité, French; from heterogeneous.] 1. Oppofition of nature; contrariety or diffimilitude of qualities. 2. Oppofite or diffimilar parts.-Guaiacum, burnt with an open fire in a chimney, is fequeftered in to afhes and foot; whereas the fame wood, diftilled into a retort, does yield far other heterogeneities, and is refolved into oil, spirit, vinegar, water, and charcoal. Boyle. (2.) HETEROGENEITY, in phyfics, is alfo ufed for the heterogeneous parts themselves; in which fenfe, the heterogeneities of a body are the fame thing with its impurities. (1.)* HETEROGENEOUS. adj. [erigos and 73.] Not kindred; oppofite or diffimilar in nature. -I have obferved fuch heterogeneous bodies, which I found included in the mafs of this fandftone. Woodward. (2.) HETEROGENEOUS, or HETEROGENEAL, literally imports confifting of parts of different kinds, in oppofition to HOMOGENEOUS. (3.) HETEROGENEOUS BODIES, are fuch as have their parts of unequal denfity. (4.) HETEROGENEOUS LIGHT, is, by Sir Ifaac Newton, defined that which confifts of rays of different degrees of refrangibility, reflexibility, and colour. Thus the common light of the fun or clouds is heterogeneous, being a mixture of all forts of rays. (5.) HETEROGENEOUS NOUNS, one of the 3 variations in irregular nouns; or such as are of one gender in the fingular number, and of another in the plural. Heterogeneous, under which are VOL. XI. PART I. comprehended mixed nouns, are fix-fold. 1. Those which are of the masculine gender in the fingular number, and neuter in the plural; as, bic tartarus, hæc tartara. 2. Those which are masculine in the fingular number, but mafculine and neuter in the plural; as hic locus, bi loci, and hæc loca. 3. Such as are feminine in the fingular number, but neuter in the plural; as, hac carbafus, and bac carbafa. 4. Such as are neuter in the fingular number, but masculine in the plural; as, boc calum, hi cæli. 5. Such as are neuter in the fingu lar, but neuter and masculine in the plural; as, hoc raftrum, bi raftri, and hac raftra. And, 6. Such as are neuter in the singular, but feminine in the plural; as, hoc epulum, hæ epulæ. (6.) HETEROGENEOUS NUMBERS, are mixed numbers, consisting of integers and fractions. (7.) HETEROGENEOUS PARTICLES, are fuch as are of different kinds of natures and qualities. Moft bodies confift of fuch particles. (8.) HETEROGENEOUS QUANTITIES, are thofe which are of fuch different kinds and confidera tion, as that one of them, taken any number of times, never equals or exceeds the other. (9.) HETEROGENEOUS SURDS, are fuch as have different radical figns; as, aa, and 3/bb; √9, and 19. κια. (1.) * HETEROSCIANS, n. ƒ. [erigos and oxia.] Thofe whofe fhadows fall only one way, as the fhadows of us who live north of the tropick fall at noon always to the North. (2.) HETEROCIANS. All the inhabitants of the HETEROSCII. globe between the tro pics and polar circle, or without the torrid zone, are Heteroscii; i. e. in N. latitude their shadows at noon are always to the northward, and in the S. latitude to the fouthward. The inhabitants in these two fituations are Heterofcii to each other, having their fhadows projected contrary ways at all times of the year. HETH, [, Heb. i. e. Fear.] the ad fon of Canaan, grandfon of Ham, and progenitor of the Hittites. (Gen. x. 15.) He dwelt fouthward of the promifed land, at Hebron or its neighbourhood. Ephron, an inhabitant of Hebron, was a defcendant of Heth, and the city in Abraham's time was peopled by his pofterity. See HITTITES. (1.) HETRURIA, or ETRURIA, in ancient geography, a celebrated country of Italy, W. of the Tiber. It originally contained 12 different nations, which had each their respective monarch. Their names were Veientes, Clufini, Perufini, Cortonenfes, Arretini, Vetuloni, Volaterrani, Rufellani, Volfcinii, Tarquinii, Falisci, and Cæretani. The inhabitants were famous for their confidence in omens, dreams, auguries, &c. They all proved powerful and refolute enemies to the rifing empire of the Romans, and were conquered only after much effufion of blood. (2.) HETRURIA, or ETRURIA, in modern geography. See TUSCANY. HETSIN, a town in the kingdom of Corea. HETTANGE, a town of France, in the dept. of the Meufe, 4 miles NW, of Thionville, and 6 SW. of Rodemach. HEVÆI, Kk HEVÆI, in ancient geography, the HIVITES, one of the ʼn nations who occupied Canaan; a numerous people, and the fame with the KADMONAI, who dwelt at the foot of Hermon and partly of Libanus, or between Libanus and Hermon (Judges iii. 3.) To this Bochart refers the fables concerning Cadmus and Harmonia, changed to ferpents; the name Hevi, denoting a wild beaft, fuch as is a ferpent. Cadmus, who is faid to have carried the ufe of letters to Greece feems to have been a Kadmonean; of whom th Greeks fay that he came to their country fror Phoenicia. ·HEUBACH, a town of Suabia, in Wurtemberg,' 22 miles N. of Ulm, and 34 E. of Stuttgard. HEUCHERA, in botany; a genius of the digynia order, belonging to the pentandria clafs of plants. There are five petals; the capfule is biroftrated and bilocular. HEUCHIN, a town of France, in the dept. of the Straits of Calais, 7 miles NNW. of St Pol. HEUDICOURT, 2 towns of France: 1. in the dep. of the Meufe, 6 miles NE. of St Mihiel, and 134 W. of Pont-a-Mouflon: 2. in that of the Somme, 9 miles NNE. of Peronne. HEVE, or HAIVE, a port and cape on the S. coaft of Nova Scotia. HEVELIUS, or John, an eminent aftronomer, HEVELKE, born at, Dantzic in the year 1611. He studied in Germany, England, and France, and every where obtained the esteem of the learned. He was the first who difcovered a libration in the moon, and made feveral important obfervations on the other planets. He alfo difcovered several fixed ftars, which he named the firmament of Sobieski, in honour of John III. king of Poland. His wife was alfo well skilled in aftronomy, and made a part of the obfervations publifhed by her husband. In 1673, he published a defcription of the instruments with which he made his obfervations, under the title of Machina Cælef tis: and in 1679, he published the ad part of this work. But in Sept. 1679, while he was in the country, his house at Dantzic was burnt down, by which he loft feveral thousand pounds; having not only his obfervatory and all his valuable inftruments destroyed, but also a great number of copies of his Machina Cæleftis; which made his 2d part very scarce. He died in 1687, aged 76. In 1690, were published his Firmamentum Sobifcianum, and Prodromus aftronomia et nova tabula folares, una cum catalogo fellarum fixarum, in which he gives the neceffary preliminaries for taking an exact catalogue of the ftars. He was greatly esteemed by his countrymen, not only on account of his fkill in aftronomy, but as a very worthy magiftrate. He was made a burgo-mafter of Dantzic; which office he is said to have executed with the utmost integrity and applaufe. He was alfo highly efteemed by foreign literati, as well as by foreign princes and potentates as appears from a collection of their letters, printed at Dantzic in 1683. HEVER, a town of France, in the dep. of the Dyle, and late Auftrian Brabant, 2 miles S. of Louvain. Lon. 5. 49. E. Lat. 50. 51. N. HEUGH HEAD, a cape of Scotland, on the coaft of Fife. HEUILLY, a town of France, in the dept. of Upper Marne, 6 miles SSE. of Langres. HEUKELUM, a town of Holland, in the dep. of Delft, and late province of Holland, feated on the Ligne, 5 miles from Gorcum. Lon. 4. 55. E. Tat 51. 55. N. (1.) HEURNIUS, or VAN HEURN, John, M. D. a learned Dutch physician, born at Utrecht in 1543. He ftudied at Louvain, Paris, Padua, and Pavia. On his return, he was elected a magiftrate of Amfterdam; after which he became profeffor of anatomy, and rector of the university at Leyden, where he died in 1601. He wrote commentaries on Hippocrates, and various treatises on different diseases. (2.) HEURNIUS, Otho, fon of the doctor, was alfo profeffor of phyfic at Leyden, and author of feveral works. HEUSDEN, a strong town of Holland in the dept. of Dommel and Scheldt, and late province of Holland, feated on the Maefe, with a handfome caftle; 8 miles NW. of Bois-le-duc. It was furrendered to the French on the 13th Jan. 1795. Lón. 5. 3. E. Lat. 51. 44. N. (1.) HEUSINGER, John Michael, a celebrated divine, born at Sunderhaufen, in Thuringia, in 1690. In 1730, he was made profeffor at Gotha, and in 1738, removed to Eifenach, where he died in 1751. He wrote feveral learned treatifes, and published editions of the Greek and Latin claffics. (2.) HEUSINGER, James Frederick, nephew of the above, was born in 1719, and educated by his uncle. He became head master of the school at Wolfenbuttle, and published several learned tracts on ancient authors. He died in 1778. HEUSZDORF, a town of Saxony, in Weimar. * To HEW. v. a. part. heaven or bewed [beawan, Saxon; hauwen, Dutch.] 1. To cut by blows with an edged inftrument; to hack Upon the joint the lucky fteel did light, I had purpose Searce can I speak, my choler is fo great: Yet fhall the axe of juftice he him down, Sandys, He from the mountain bequing timber tall, Began to build a veffel of huge bulk. Milton. We'll force the gate where Marcus keeps his guard, And bew down all that would oppofe our paffage. Addifon. To form or fhape with an axe: with out.Thou haft bewed thee out a fepulchre here, as he that bewed him out a fepulchre on high. a. xxii. 16.-Nor is it fo proper to bew out religious reformations by the fword, as to polifh them by fair and equal difputations. King Charles. This river rifes in the very heart of the Alps, and has a long valley that seems heaven out on purpose to give its waters a paffage amidst so many rocks. Addifon, 5. To form laboriously.— The gate was adamant; eternal frame; Which, hew'd by Mars himself, from Indian quarries came, The labour of a god. Dryden's Fables. -Next unto bricks are preferr'd the fquare bean frone. Mortimer-I now pafs my days not ftudious nor idle, rather polishing old works than bew ing out new. Pope to Savift. * HEWER. n. f. [from bew.] One whofe employment is to cut wood or ftone.-At the building of Solomon's temple there were fourfcore thoufand beavers in the mountains. Brown. HEWSON, William, a very ingenious anatomift, was born in 1739. He was affiftant to Dr Hunter, and afterwards in partnership with him; but, on their difagreement, read anatomical lectures at his own house, in which he was fecond ed by Mr Falconer. He wrote Inquiries into the Properties of the Blood, and the Lymphatic fyftem, 2 vols; and difputed with Dr Monro the difcovery of the lymphatic fyftem of veffels in oviparous animals. He died in 1774, in confequence of abforption from a wound received in diffecting. HEXACHORD, in ancient mufic, a concord called by the moderns a fixth. (1.) HEXAGON. n. f. [hexagone, Fr. E and yone. A figure of fix fides or angles: the moft capacious of all the figures that can be added to each other without any interftice; and therefore the cells in honeycombs are of that form. (2.) HEXAGON, REGULAR, in geometry, a figure whereof the fix fides and angles are equal. * HEXAGONAL. adj. [from bexagon. Having fix fides or corners. As for the figures of crystal, it is for the most part hexagonal, or fixcornered. Brown.-Many of them shoot into regular figures; as crystal and bastard diamonds into bexagonal. Ray. HEXAGONY. n. f. [from bexagon.] A figure of fix angles.-When I read in St Ambrofe of hexagonies, or fexangular cellars of bees, did I therefore conclude that they were mathematicians? Bramball against Hobbes. HEXAGYNIA, [from, fix, and yun, a female,] an order of plants in the clafs polyandria, containing fuch as have 6 ftyles. See BOTANY, 132 and 188. HEXAHEDRON, in geometry, one of the five Platonic bodies, or regular folids, being the fame with a cube. * (1.) HEXAMETER. n. S. [ and μeTPOV.] A verfe of fix feet,—The Latin bexameter has more feet than the English heroick. Dryden. (2.) HEXAMETER VERSE. The firft 4 feet may be either fpondees or dactyls; the sth is generally a dactyl, and the 6th always a fpondee. Such is the following verfe of Horace: I 2 HEXAMILIUM, 3 5 6 Aut prodeffe volunt, aut dele&tare poleta. HEXAMILA, a town of European Turkey, in the prov. of Romania, 12 miles S. of Gallipoli. HEXAMILI, a celebrated wall, built HEXAMIĻION, or by the emperor Emanuel in 1413, over the ifthmus of Corinth. It took its name from six, and μo, which in the vulgar Greek fignifies a mile, being fix miles long. The defign of it was to defend Peloponnefus from the incurfions of the barbarians. Amurath II. having raised the fiege of Conftantinople in 1424, demolished the hexamilium, though he had before concluded a peace with the Greek emperor. The Venetians restored it in 1463, by 30,000 workmen, employed for 15 days, and covered by an army commanded by Bertoldo d'Efte, general of the land forces, and Lewis Loredano, commander of the fea. The infidels made feveral attempts upon it; but were repulfed, and obliged to retire from the neighbourhood thereof: but Bertoldo being killed at the fiege of Corinth, which was attempted foon after, Bertino Calcinato, who took on him the command of the army, abandoned, upon the approach of the beglerbeg, both the fiege and the defence of the wall, which had coft them fo dear; upon which it was finally demolished. HEXANDRIA, in botany, [from it, fix, and avng, a man.] the 6th clafs in Linnæus's fexual method, confifting of plants with hermaphrodite flowers, furnished with fix ftamina of an equal length. See BOTANY, § 115, 132, 181. * HEXANGULAR. adj. [1 and angulus, Lat.] Having fix corners.-Hewangular fprigs or shoots of cryftal. Woodward. HEXAPLA, [from fix, and arrow, I unfold.] in church hiftory, a Bible difpofed in fix columns; containing the text, and divers verfions thereof, compiled and published by Origen, with a view of fecuring the facred text from future corruptions, and to correct thofe that had been already introduced. Eufebius (Hift. Eccl. lib. vi. cap. 16.) relates that Origen, after his return from Rome under Caracalla, learned Hebrew, and began to collect the feveral verfions that had been made of the facred writings, and of these to compofe his Tetrapla and Hexapla. But others fay that he did not begin till the time of Alexander, after he had retired into Paleftme, about A. D. 231. Befides the tranflation of the facred writings, called the Septuagint, made under Ptolemy Philadelphus, about A. A. C. 280, the Scriptures had been fince tranflated into Greek by other interpreters. The first of thofe verfions, or (reckoning the Septuagint) the fecond, was that of Aqui Kk 2 la, |