as that the head of the one is turned to the tail of the other. Being thus ftretched lengthwife, a little conical button or papilla is thrust forth by each, and received into an aperture of the other. Thefe animals, being male in one part of the body, and female in another, and the body flexible withal, M. Homberg does not think it impoffible, but that an earth-worm may couple with itself, and be both father and mother of its young; an obfervation which appears rather extravagant. Among the infects of the foft or boneless kind, there are great numbers, which are so far from being hermaphrodites, that they are of no fex at all. Of this kind are all the caterpillars, maggots, and worms, produced of the eggs of flies of all kinds: but the reafon of this is plain; these are not animals in a perfect state, but difguifes under which animals lurk. They have no buliness with the propagating of their fpecies, but are to be transformed into winged animals, by putting off their coverings; and then only they are in their perfect state, and therefore then only fhow the differences of fex, which are always in diftinct animals, each being only male or female. These copulate, and their eggs produce these creatures, which fhow no fex till they arrive at that perfect ftate again. Hermaphrodites have also been observed among fishes. A lady in Perth, whofe veracity we cannot doubt, affures us, that, in gutting a large full grown haddock, in 1796, the was furprised to find that it contained both a milt and a roe, in full perfection. If she had not opened the fish herself, and obferved the parts before she cut them out, the would have suspected either a mistake, or fome impofition.

away." He likewife quotes Varro, De re ruftica, lib. ii. cap. 5. "The cow which is barren is call ed tauru." From which we may reasonably conjecture, that the Romans had not the idea of the circumstances of their production. Of these creatures Mr Hunter diffected three, and the follow. ing appearances were observed in the most perfect of them. The external parts were rather fmaller than in the cow. The vagina paffed on as in the cow to the opening of the urethra, and then it began to contract into a small canal, which paffed on to the divifion of the uterus into the two horns; each horn paffing along the edge of the broad ligament laterally towards the ovaria. At the termination of thefe horns were placed both the ovaria and testicles, both of which were nearly about the fize of a fmall nutmeg. No Fallopian tubes could be found. To the tefticles were vafa deferentia, but imperfect. The left one did not come near the testicle; the right only came close to it, but did not terminate in the body called epididymis. They were both pervious, and opened into the vagina near the opening of the urethra. On the pofterior furface of the bladder, or between the uterus and bladder, were the two bags called the vehiculæ feminales in the male, but smaller than what they are in the bull: the ducts opened along with the vasa deferentia. Concerning hermaphrodites of the human fpecies, much has been written, and many laws enacted about them in different nations; but the existence of them is juftly difputed. Dr Parfons has given us a treatise on the subject, in which he endeavours to explode the notion as a vulgar error. According to him, all the hermaphrodites that have appeared, were only women whofe clitoris, from fome caufe or other, was overgrown; and, in particular, that this was the cafe with an Angola woman fhown at London as an hermaphrodite fome time ago. Dr Tiffot, however, in his Onania, mentions one who paffed for a woman, but who was fo very perfect in both sexes, that the not only was married, and had a child to her hufband, but, during her in-lying, fhe got with child the fervant-girl who flept with her. But this anecdote appears fo incredible, that we are apt to fufpect, that the servant girl had had an amour with fome young man, and to conceal it, had taken advantage of her miftrefs's fingular cafe, and thus impofed upon both her and the doctor. Among the reptile tribe, fuch as worms, fnails, leeches, &c. hermaphrodites are very frequent. In the Memoirs of the French Academy, we have an account of this very extraordinary kind of her maphrodites, which not only have both fexes, but do the office of both at the fame time. Such are earth-worms, round-tailed worms found in the inteftines of men and horfes, land fnails, and thofe of fresh waters, and all the forts of leeches. And, as all these are reptiles, and without bones, M. Poupart concludes it probable, that all other in fects which have these two characters are also hermaphrodites. The method of coupling practifed in this clafs of hermaphrodites, may be illuftrated in the inftance of earth-worms. Thefe creep, two by two, out of holes proper to receive them, where they dispose their bodies in fuch a manner

(3) HERMAPHRODITE FLOWERS, in botany, are fo called by the fexualifts on account of their containing both the antheræ and ftigma, the or gans of generation, within the fame calyx and petals. Of this kind are the flowers of all the claffes in Linnæus's fexual method, except the claffes monacia and diœcia ; in the former of which, male and female flowers are produced on the fame root; in the latter, on diftinct plants from the fame feed. In the clafs polygamia, there are always hermaphrodite flowers mixed with male or female, or both, either on the same or diftin&t roots. In the plantain tree the flowers are all hermaphrodite; in fome, however, the anthera or male organ, in others the ftigma or female organ, proves abortive. The flowers in the former clafs are ftyled female hermaphrodites; in the latter, male hermaphrodites. Hermaphrodites are thus as frequent in the vegetable kingdom as they are rare in the animal one. See BOTANY, 49, 112-114.

* HERMAPHRODITICAL. adj. [from bermaphrodite.] Partaking of both fexes.-There may be equivocal feeds and hermaphroditical principles, that contain the radicality of different forms. Brown.

HERMAPHRODITUS, in the pagan mythology, the fon of HERMES, or Mercury, and APHRODITE, or Venus. Being educated on Mount Ida by the Naiades, SALMACIS, one of thefe nymphs, fell defperately in love with him; but he refufing to gratify her paffion, the watched

him

(1.) HERMAS, an ecclefiaftical author of the first century; and, according to Origen, Eufebi us, and Jerome, the fame whom St Paul falutes in the end of his epiftle to the Romans. He wrote a book in Greek fome time before Domitian's perfecution, A. D. 95, entitled The Paftor, from his reprefenting an angel fpeaking to him in it under the form of a fhepherd. The Greek text is loft, but a very ancient Latin verfion of it is extant. Some of the fathers have confidered this book as canonical. The best edition of it is that of 1698, where it is to be found among the other apoftolical fathers, illuftrated with the notes and corrections of Cotelerius and Le Clerc. With thefe it was tranflated into English by Archbishop Wake, the best edition of which is that of 1710.

(2.) HERMAS, in botany, a genus of the monocia order, belonging to the polygamia clafs of plants. The umbel in the hermaphrodite is terminal; there is an univerfal involucrum and partial ones. The rays of the small umbels are lobed; the central one flower-bearing; there are 5 petals, and 5 barren ftamina; the feeds are two-fold and fuborbicular. In the male the lateral umbels have universal and partial involucra; the small umbels are many-flowered; there are five petals, and five fertile ftamina.

HERMATA, a kingdom and town in Borneo. HERMBACH, a town of Germany, in the cidevant duchy of Juliers, now, annexed to France. It is 17 miles S. of Juliers.

HERMSDORF, a town of Silefia, in Neifs. HERMENAULT, a town of France, in the dep, of the Vendee, 5 miles NW. of Fontenay. HERMENT, a town of France, in the dept. of Puy de Dome, 8 miles WSW. of Riom. (1.) HERMES, L'EPMHΣ, Gr. from Epuneus, an interpreter,] the Greek name of the god Mercury. See MERCURY, N° 1, and THOTH.

(3.) HERMES, or HERMA, among antiquaries, a fort of fquare or cubical figure of the god Mercury, ufually made of marble, though fometimes of brafs or other materials, without arms or legs, and planted by the Greeks and Romans in their cross ways. Servius gives us the origin thereof, in his comment on the 8th book of the Æneid. Some fhepherds, fays he, having one day caught Mercury afleep on a mountain, cut off his hands; from which he, as well as the mountain where the action was done, became denominated Cyllenius, from xvaλos, maimed; and thence certain ftatues without arms are denominated Hermefes or Herma. But this etymology of the epithet of Cyllenius contradicts most of the other ancient authors; who derive it from Mercury's birthplace, Cyllene, a city of Elis, or the mountain Cyllene, which had been fo named before him. Suidas gives a moral explication of this cuftom of making ftatues of Mercury without arms. The Hermefes, fays he, were ftatues of ftone placed at the veftibules or porches of the doors and temples at Athens; for this reafon, that as Mercury was held the god of speech and of truth, fquare and cubical ftatues were peculiarly proper; having this in common with truth, that on what fide soever they are viewed, they always appear the fame. Athens abounded more than any other place in Hermefes: there were abundance of very fignal ones in various parts of the city, and they were indeed among the principal ornaments of the place. They were alfo placed in the high roads and crofs ways, becaufe Mercury, who was the courier of the gods, prefided over the highways; whence he had his furnames of TRIVIUS and VIACUS.

(1.)* HERMETICAL. HERMETICK. adj. [from Hermes, or Mercury, the imagined inventor of chemistry; bermetique, French.] Chymical.-An bermetical feal, or to feal any thing hermetically, is to heat the neck of a glafs 'till it is juft ready to melt, and then with a pair of hot pincers to twift it clofe together. Quincy.-The tube was closed at one end with diachylon, instead of an bermetical feal. Boyle.

(2.) HERMETICAL ART, a name given to che miftry, on a fuppofition that Hermes Trismegiftus was the inventor of the art, or that he excelled therein. See HERMES, N° 2.

(3.) HERMETICAL PHILOSOPHY is that which undertakes to folve and explain all the phenomena of nature, from the three chemical principles, falt, fulphur, and mercury.

Hh

curately,

curately, that nothing can exhale, not even the moft fubtile fpirits. It is performed by heating the neck of the veffel in the flame of a lamp till it be ready to melt, and then with a pair of pincers twifting it close together. This chemifts call putting on Hermes's feal. Veffels are alfo fealed hermetically, by ftopping them with a ftopple of glafs, well luted into the neck of the veffel; or, by turning another ovum philofophicum upon that wherein the matter is contained.

* HERMETICALLY. adv. [from hermetical.] According to the hermetical or chemick art.-He fuffered thofe things to putrefy in hermetically fealed glaffes, and veffels clofe covered with paper; and not only fo, but in veffels covered with fine lawn, fo as to admit the air, and keep out the infects; no living thing was ever produced there. Bentley.

HERMETICK. See HERMETICAL, § r. HERMETRA, one of the Western lands of Scotland, lies a little N. of N. Uift.

HERMEVILLE, a town of France, in the dept. of the Meufe, 74 miles from Verdun.

HERMHARPOCRATES, or HERMARPOCRATES, in antiquity, a deity, or figure of a deity, compofed of Mercury and Harpocrates the god of filence. M. Spon gives a hermharpocrates in his Rech. Cur. de l'Antiquité, p. 98. fig. 15. having wings on his feet like Mercury, and laying his finger on his mouth like Harpocrates. They might mean by this combination, that Silence is fometimes eloquent.

HERMIANI, or HERMIATITE, a fect of he retics in the second century, thus called from their leader HERMIAS, and alfo denominated SELEUCIANI. One of their diftinguishing tenets was, that God is corporeal; another, that Jefus Chrift did not afcend into heaven with his body, but left it in the fun. See next article.

HERMIAS, a heretic of the 2d century, the founder of the above fect, born in Galatia. He maintained that the Deity is material, the world eternal, and that the human foul is compofed of fire and fpirit.

HERMILLY, Vaquette D', a French historian, born at Amiens in 1707. He wrote the History of Majorca and Minorca, and translated Feijoo's Critical Theatre, and Ferara's Hiftory of Spain.

(1.) HERMIONE, in fabulous hiftory, the daughter of Menelaus and Helen, who was betrothed to her coufin Oreftes, but afterwards married to Pyrrhus, whom Oreftes therefore killed in the temple of Apollo, and recovered Hermione. (2) HERMIONE. See HARMONIA.

(3.) HERMIONE, in ancient geography, a conderable city of Argolis. It was in ruins, except a few temples, in the time of Paufanias; who fays that the new city was at the diftance of 4 ftadia from the promontory on which the temple of Neptune flood. It gave name to the

HERMIONICUS SINUS, a part of the Sinus

You lay this command upon me to give you my poor advice for your carriage in fo eminent a place: I humbly return you mine opinion, fuch as an hermit rather than a courtier can render. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.-He had been duke of Savoy, and, after a very glorious reign, took on him the habit of a hermit, and retired into this folitary spot. Addison on Italy. 2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another. Improper.For thofe of old,

And the late dignities heap'd up to them,
We reft your hermit.

Shak. (2.) HERMIT is derived from the Greek (p", a defert, and therefore thould rather be written EREMITE. Paul, furnamed the Hermit, is ufually reckoned the first hermit; though St Jerome, at the beginning of the Life of that faint, fays it is not known who was the firft. Some think John the Baptift, others Elias; others make St Anthony the founder of the eremetical life; but others fay that he only rekindled and heightened the fervour thereof, and that his difciples owned St Paul of Thebes for the first that practifed it. The perfecutions of Decius and Valerian are supposed to have been the occafion. Several of the ancient hermits, though they lived in deserts, had numbers of religious accompanying them. There are alfo various orders and congregations of religious diftinguifhed by the title of hermits; as, hermits of St Auguftine, of St John Baptist, of St Jerome, of St Paul, &c.

(3.) HERMIT, PETER the. See CROISADE, 3, (1.) * HERMITAGE. n. f. [hermitage, French.] The cell or habitation of a hermit.—

By that painful way they pafs Forth to an hill, that was both fteep and high; On top whereof a facred chapel was, And eke a little bermitage thereby. Go with speed

Fairs Q.

To fome forlorn and naked hermitage, Remote from all the pleasures of the world. Shak. And may at last my weary age Find out the peaceful hermitage, The hairy gown and mofly cell, Where I may fit and rightly spell Of every star that heav'n doth fhew, And ev'ry herb that fips the dew. -About two leagues from Fribourg we went to fee a bermitage; it lies in the prettieft folitude imaginable, among woods and rocks. Addifon.

Milten.

(2.) HERMITAGE is alfo applied to any religious cell, built and endowed in a reclufe place, and annexed to fome large abbey, of which the fuperior was called a Hermit.

(3.) HERMITAGE, in geography, a hill of France on the lide of the Rhone, opposite Tournon, famous for its vineyards.

(4.) HERMITAGE, a river of Scotland in Roxburghfhire, which runs into the Liddal, and abounds with trouts.

(5.) HERMITAGE CASTLE, an ancient caftle in the parish of Castletown, on the banks of the above river, (N° 4.) fuppofed to have been built by Alexander II. about 1240. The Rev. Mr Arkle fays, "it has been a very strong building, near 100 feet fquare, defended by a strong rampart and ditch. The walls are almost entire. The inner part is a heap of ruins." Bp. Elphinfton fays that

Sir

under their respective chieftains, viz. Hermiani, Selucians, Materiari, &c. See laft article.

Sir William Douglas, E. of Liddifdale, beat the English out of all Teviotdale, and took the caftle of Hermitage in 1340. In this castle Sir Alexander Ramfay of Dalhousie was ftarved to death by the fame Sir W. Douglas, in 1342, from jealousy, be caufe Sir Alexander was made sheriff of Teviot dale. His bones were found a few years ago in a dungeon of the castle. Queen Mary vifited Bothwell in this castle, in 1561.

* HERMITESS. n. f. [from hermit.] A woman retired to devotion.

* HERMETICAL. adj. [from bermit.] Suitable to a hermit.

HERMIT'S ISLANDS, a cluster of small ifles, on the S. coaft of Terra del Fuego.

(1.)* HERMODACTYL. n. S. [iguns and SaxTux] Hermodactyl is a root of a determinate and regular figure, and represents the common figure of a heart cut in two, from half an inch to an inch in length. This drug was firft brought into medicinal use by the Arabians, and comes from Egypt and Syria, where the people use them, while fresh, as a vomit or purge; and have a way of roafting them for food, which they eat in order to make themselves fat. The dried roots are a gentle purge, now little ufed. Hill's Materia Med, (2.) HERMODACTYLES are brought from Tur, key, and are of a white colour, compact, yet eafily cut or powdered, of a viscous sweetish tafte, with a light degree of acrimony. They were of great repute among the ancients as a cathartic; but thofe now fold in the fhops have very little purgative virtue. Neumann declares he never found them to have any effect. The hermodactyl is the root of the COLCHICUM VARIEGATUM, according to fome; others fuppofe it to be that of the IRIS TUBEROSA.

HERMODORUS, a philofopher of Ephefus, who, coming to Rome, advised the making of the laws called the Twelve Tables; on which account a statue was erected to his memory. Pliny. (1.) HERMOGENES, the first and moft celebrated architect of antiquity, was, according to Vitruvius, born at Alanbada, a city in Caria. He built a temple of Diana at Magnefia; another of Bacchus at Tros; and was the inventor of feveral parts of architecture. He wrote a book on the subject, which is lost.

(2.) HERMOGENES, of Tarfus, an ancient orator, who was in every respect a prodigy. At 17 years of age he published his fyftem of rhetoric, and at 20 his philofophic ideas; but at 25 he totally loft his memory. His body being opened after his death, his heart was found of an extraordinary fize, and all over hairy. He died about A. A. C. 168. His works were published by Al. dus, in 1509..

(3) HERMOGENES, a heretic of the 2d century, born in Africa. He held matter to be the first principle; and regarding it as the fountain of all evil, he maintained that the world, and every thing contained in it, as well as the fouls of men and other spirits, were formed by the Deity from an uncreated and eternal mass of corrupt matter. HERMOGENIANS, a fect of ancient heretics, fo denominated from their leader HERMOGENES. Their opinions were warmly oppofed by Tertul lian. They were divided into several branches

HERMON, or AERMON, in ancient geography, a mountain of the Amorites, called SANIOR by the Phoenicians, and Sanir or Senir by the Amorites, on the E. of Jordan. It is alfo called Sion by Mofes, but muft not be confounded with the Sion of Jerufalem. By the Sidonians it was called Scirion; in the Vulgate, it is called Sarion. Jofhua informs us, that it was the dominion of Og king of Bafhan; which must be understood of its S. fide. It is never particularly mentioned by profane writers; being comprised under Libanus, or Antilibanus, with which it is joined on the E. It is also called

HERMONIM, plurally, Pfalm xlii. 6. because it was extenfive, and contained feveral mountains. HERMONTHIS, an ancient city of Egypt, famous for the worship of Jupiter, Apollo, and Ifis. HERMONVILLE, a town of France, in the dept. of Marne, 7 miles from Rheims. HERMOPOLIS, an ancient city of Egypt, famous for flax, and for the worship of Pan; 120 miles S. of Cairo.

HERMOSELLO, a town of Spain, in Leon. HERMUS, in ancient geography, a river of Ionia; which, rifing near Dorylæum, a town of Phrygia, in a mountain facred to Cybele, touched Myfia, and ran through the Regio Combusta, then through the plains of Smyrna down to the fea,、 carrying along with it the waters of the Pactolus, Hyllus, and other rivers. It was faid to roll down gold, by Virgil and other poets.

* HERN. n.. [contracted from HERON, which fee.] Birds that are moft eafy to be drawn are the mallard, fwan, bern, and bittern. Peacham.

HERNANDRIA, JACK-IN-A-BOX TREE; a ge nus of the triandria order, belonging to the monoccia clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 38th order, Tricocca. The male calyx is tripartite; the corolla tripetalous; the female calyx is truncated; quite cutire; the corolla hexapetalous; the plumb hollow, and open at the mouth or upper part, with a loose kernel. The species are.two:

I. HERNANDRIA OVIGERA grows many feet high, garnished with large oval leaves, not peltated; and monoecious flowers, fucceeded by fwollen fruit, open at the end, and a nut within.

2. HERNANDRIA SONORA, or common jack-ina-box, is a native of both the Indies. It grows 20 or 30 feet high; and is garnished with broad peltated leaves, and monacious flowers, fucceeded by a large fwollen hollow fruit, formed of the calyx; having a hole or opening at the end, and a hard nut within. The wind blowing into the cavity of this fruit makes a very whistling and rattling noise, whence the name. It is faid, the fonora in Java affords a sure antidote against poison, if you either put its fmall roots on the wounds or eat them; as was difcovered to Rumphius by a captive woman, in the war between the people of Macaffar and the Dutch, in 1667. The foldiers of the former always carry this root about them, as a remedy againft wounds with poifoned arrows.-Both thefe fpecies being tender exotics, muft be planted in pots of rich earth, and always kept in a hot-house; in which, notwithstanding all the care that can be Hb 2