5. It is often opposed to there; in one place, diftinguished from another.

Good-night, mine eyes do itch; Doth that bode weeping?

'Tis neither here not there. Shak: Othello, -We are come to fee thee fight, to fee thee foigne, to see thee traverse, to fee thee here, to fee thee there. Shakespeare.

Then this, then that man's aid, they crave, implore;

Poft here for help, feek there their followers,

Daniel. -I would have in the heath fome thickets made only of fweet-briar and honey-fuckle, and fome wild vine amongit; and the ground fet with violets; for thefe are fweet, and profper in the fhade; and thefe to be in the heath here and there, not in order. Bacon.-The devil might perhaps, by inward fuggeftions, have drawn in here and there a fingle profelyte. Gov. of the Tongue.-Your city, after the dreadful fire, was rebuilt, not prefently, by raifing continued ftreets; but at first here a houfe, and there a house, to which others by degrees were joined. Sprat's Serm.-Hethat rides poft through a country may be able to give fome loofe defcription of here a mountain and there a plain, bere a morafs and there a river, woodland in one part, and favannas in another. Locke. 6. Here feems, in the following paffage, to mean this place.~

Bid them farewel, Cordelia, though unkind; Thou lofeft here, a better where to find. Shak. * HEREABOUTS. adv. [here and about.] A. bout this place. I faw hereabouts nothing remarkable, except Auguftus's bridge. Addifon on Italy.

(1.) * HEREAFTER. adv. [here and after.] 1. In time to come; in futurity.-How worthy he is, I will leave to appear bereafter, rather than ftory him in his own hearing. Shakespeare.

The grand-child, with twelve fons increas'd,
departs

From Canaan, to a land hereafter call'd
Egypt.

Milton. Hereafter he from war fhall come, And bring his Trojans peace. Dryden, 2. In a future ftate.-You fhall be happy here, and more happy hereafter. Bacon.

(3.) * HEREAFTER. .f. A future ftate.

This

is a figurative noun, not to be used but in poetry.

'Tis the divinity that stirs within us; 'Tis Heaven itself that points out an bereafter, And intimates eternity to man. Addifon's Cato. I ftill fhall wait

Some new hereafter, and a future ftate. Prior. *HEREAT. adv. [bere and at.] At this.-One man coming to the tribune, to receive his donative, with a garland in his hand, the tribune, offended hereat, demanded what this fingularity could mean? Hooker.

*HEREBY. [here and by.] By this. In what eftate the fathers refted, which were dead before, it is hereby either one way or other deterinined. Hooker.-Hereby the Moors are not excluded by beauty, there being in this defcription no confideration of colours. Broaun.-The acquifition of truth is of infinite concernment; bereby we become acquainted with the nature of things. Watts.

HEREDITABLE. adj. [hæres, Lat.] Whatever may be occupied as inheritance.-Adam being neither a monarch, nor his imaginary monarchy bereditable, the power which is now in the word is not that which was Adam's. Lacke.

(r.) HEREDITAMENT. n.. [bæredium, La tin.] A law term denoting inheritance, or hereditary eftate,

(2.) HEREDITAMENTS are moveables which a man may have to himfelf and his heirs by way of inheritance; and which, if not otherwife bequeathed, defcend to him who is next heir, and not to the executor, as chattels do..

* HEREDITARILY. ady. [from hereditary.] By inheritance. Here is another, who thinks one of the greatest glories of his father was to have diftinguished and loved you, and who loves you he reditarily. Pope to Swift.

(1.) *HEREDITARY. adj. [hereditaire, French; hereditarius, Lat.] Poffeffed or claimed by right of inheritance; defcending by inheritance.To thee and thine, bereditary ever, Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom. Shakespeare.

Thefe old fellows
Have their ingratitude in them hereditary. Shak.
He hall afcend

The throne hereditary, and bound his reign
With earth's wide bounds, his glory with the
heavens.
Milton,

Thus while the mute creation downward bend Their fight, and to their earthly mother tend, Man looks aloft, and with erected eyes Beholds his own hereditary skies. Dryden's Ovid. When heroick verfe his youth fhall raise, And form it to hereditary praife. Dryden's Virgil, (2.) HEREDITARY is alfo figuratively applied to good or ill qualities, either of body or mind, fuppofed to be tranfmitted from father to fon: thus we fay virtue and piety are hereditary quali ties in fuch a family; that in Italy the hatred of families is hereditary; and that the gout, king's evil, madness, &c. are hereditary diseases.

(3.) HEREDITARY DISEASES. The opinion, that certain diseases, such as those above mention. ed, (§ 2.) are hereditary, has been held by phyficians ever fince the days of Hippocrates, and indeed feems to be confirmed by the experience of

mankind

mankind in all ages and countries. In the new fyftem of medicine, however, this doctrine is denied in the ftrongest terms. (See BRUNONIAN SYSTEM, 6.) Dr Brown, in his Elem. Med. § DCIII, affirms, that, "A taint, tranfmitted from parents to their offspring, and celebrated under the appellation of hereditary, is a mere tale, or there is nothing in the fundamental part of this" (the Brunonian)" doctrine. The fons of the rich, who fucceed to their father's eftate, fucceed alfo to his gout: Thofe who are excluded from the eftate, escape the difeafe alfo, unless they bring it on by their own conduct.-Though Peter's father may have been affected with the gout, it does not follow, that Peter must be affected; because, by a proper way of life, that is, by adapting his excitement to his ftamina, he may have learned to evade his father's dileafe. If the fame perfon, who, from his own fault and improper management, has fallen into the difeafe, afterwards by a contrary management, and by taking good care of himself, prevents and removes the difcafe, as it has been lately difcovered, what then is become of the hereditary taint?"-Such is Dr Brown's reafoning againft the exiftence of hereditary diseases; for a more full account of which, fee his Elem. Med. Edit. 2d. Vol. II. p. 245-247. But the cautious reader will probably agree with Dr Beddoes, that this is one of thofe "opinions, which, in a complete revifal of the Brunonian Syftem, would require particular examination." Ibid. Vol. I. p. civ.

(4.) HEREDITARY HONOURS have been long efteemed useful in a well governed ftate, as tending to excite a laudable ardour and generous emulation in acts of virtue and heroifm. (See LORD.) In the prefent age of political revolution and innovation, however, they have been depreciated as producing the very oppofite effects. Without entering into this queftion here, we fhall only quote a judicious fentiment delivered by Dr Watfon, Bp. of Llandaff, in the houfe of Lords, upon a question refpecting the Scots Peerage, in Feb. 1787" Whatever may be faid of anceftry no man despises it, but he who has none to value himfelf upon; and no man will make it his pride, but he who has nothing better.”

(5) HEREDITARY RIGHT, in the British conAtitution. The grand fundamental maxim upon which the jus corona, or right of fucceffion to the throne of Britain depends, Sir William Blackstone takes to be this: That the crown is, by common law and conftitutional cuftom, hereditary; and this in a manner peculiar to itfelf; but that the right of inheritance may, from time to time, be changed or limited by act of parliament; under which limitations the crown fill continues hereditary. 1. The crown is in general hereditary, or defcendible to the next heir, on the death of the laft king. All regal governments must be either hereditary or elective: and as there is no inftance wherein the crown of England has ever been afferted to be elective, except by the regicides, on occafion of the trial of king Charles I. it muft of confequence be hereditary. Yet, in thus afferting an hereditary right, a jure divino title to the throne is by no means intended. Such a title may be allowed to have fubfifted under the theocratic eftablishments

of the children of Ifrael in Palestine: but it never yet fubfifted in any other country; fave only fo far as kingdoms, like other human fabrics, are fubjected to the general and ordinary difpenfations of Providence. Nor indeed have a jure divino and an hereditary right any necessary connection with each other; as fome have very weakly ima gined. The titles of David and Jehu were equal. ly jure divino as thofe of either Solomon or Ahab; and yet David flew the fons of his predeceffor, and Jehu his predeceffor himself. And when our kings have the fame warrant as they had, whether it be to fit upon the throne of their fathers, or to deftroy the houfe of the preceding fovereign, they will them, and not before, poffefs the crown of England by a right like theirs, immediately derived from heaven. The hereditary right, which the laws of Britain acknowledge, owes its origin to the founders of our conftitution, and to them only. It has no relation to, nor depends upon, the civil laws of the Jews, the Greeks, the Romans, or any other nation upon earth; the municipal laws of one fociety having no connection with, or influence upon, the fundamental polity of another. The founders of the English monarchy might have made it elective, but they rather chofe, and upon good reafon, to establish originally a fucceflion by inheritance. This has been acquief ced in by general confent, and ripened by degrees into common law; the very fame title that every private man has to his own eftate. Lands are not naturally defcendible, more than thrones: but the law has, for the benefit and peace of the public, eftablished hereditary fucceffion in the one as well as the other. It must be owned, an elective mo. narchy feems to be the most obvious, and best fuited of any to the national principles of government, and the freedom of human nature; and accordingly we find from hiftory, that, in the infancy and first rudiments of almost every ftate, the leader, chief magiftrate, or prince, has ufually been elective: and if the individuals who compofe that state could always continue true to firft principles, uninfluenced by paffion or prejudice, upaffailed by corruption, and unawed by violence, elective fucceffion were as much to be defired in a kingdom as in other inferior communities. The beft, the wifeft, and the braveft man, would then be fure of receiving that crown which his endowments merited; and the fenfe of an unbiaffed majority would be dutifully acquiefced in by the few who were of different opinions. But history and obfervation inform us, that elections of every kind are too often brought about by influence, partiality, and artifice: and, even where the cafe is otherwife, thefe practices will be often fufpected, and as conftantly charged upon the fuccessful, by a difappointed minority. This is an evil to which all focieties are liable; as well thofe of a private and domeftic kind, as the great commun ty of the public, which regulates and includes the reft. But in the former there is this advantage, that fuch fufpicions, if falfe, proceed no farther than jealoufies and murmurs, which time will et fectually fupprefs: and, if true, the injuftice may be remedied by legal means, by an appeal to thofe tribunals to which every member of fociety has (by becoming fuch) virtually engaged to fubmit.

Whereas

Whereas, in the great and independent fociety, which every nation compofes, there is no fuperior to refort to but the law of nature; no method to redrefs the infringements of that law, but the actual exertion of force. As, therefore, between two na tions complaining of mutual injuries, the quarrel can only be decided by the law of arms; fo in one and the fame nation, when the fundamental principles of their common union are fuppofed to be invaded, and more efpecially when the appointment of their chief magiftrate is alleged to be unduly made, the only tribunal to which the complainants can appeal is that of the God of battles, the only process by which the appeal can be carried on is that of a civil and inteftine war. An hereditary fucceffion to the crown is therefore now established, in this and most other countries, to prevent that periodical bloodthed and mifery, which the hiftory of ancient imperial Rome, and the modern experience of Poland and Germany, fhow us are the confequence of elective kingdoms. 2. But, 2dly, as to the particular mode of inheritance. It in general correfponds with the feodal path of defcents, chalked out by the common law in the fucceffion to landed eftates; yet with one or two material exceptions. Like them, the crown will defcend lineally to the iffue of the reigning monarch; as it did from King John to Richard II. through a regular pedigree of fix lineal generations: as in them the preference of males to females, and the right of primogeniture among the males, are ftrictly adhered to. Thus Edward V. fucceeded to the crown, in preference to Richard his younger brother, and Elifabeth his elder fifter. Like them, on failure of the male line, it defcends to the iffue female; according to the ancient British custom remarked by Tacitus, Solent feminarum ductu bellare, et fexum in imperiis non difcernere. Thus Mary I. fucceeded to Edward VI; and the line of Margaret Queen of Scots, the daughter of Henry VII. fucceeded, on failure of the line of Henry VIII. his fon. But among the females, the crown defcends by right of primogeniture to the eldest daughter only and her iffue; and not, as in common inheritances, to all the daughters at once; the evident neceffity of a fole fucceffion to the throne having occafioned the royal law of defcents to depart from the common law in this refpect: and therefore Queen Mary I. on the death of her brother, fucceeded to the crown alone, and not in partnership with her fifter Elifabeth. Again, the doctrine of reprefentation prevails in the defcent of the crown, as it does in other inheritances; whereby the lineal defcendants of any perfon deceased ftand in the fame place as their anceftor, if living, would have done. Thus Richard II. fucceeded his grandfather Ed. ward III. in right of his father the Black Prince, to the exclufion of all his uncles, his grandfather's younger children. Laftly, on failure of lineal defcendants, the crown goes to the next collateral relations of the late king; provided they are lineally defcended from the blood-royal, that is, from that royal ftock which originally acquired the crown. Thus Henry I. fucceeded to William II. John to Richard I. and James I. to Elifabeth; being all derived from the Conqueror, who was then the only regal ftock. But herein there is no VOL. XI. PART I.

objection (as in the cafe of common defcents) to the fucceffion of a brother, an uncle, or other collateral relation, of the half-blood; that is, where the relationship proceeds not from the fame couple of ancestors (which conftitutes a kinsman of the whole blood), but from a fingle ancestor only; as when two perfons are derived from the fame father, and not from the fame mother, or vice verfa: provided only, that the one ancestor, from whom both are defcended, be that from whofe veins the blood-royal is communicated to each. Thus Mary I. inherited to Edward VI. and Elifabeth inherited to Mary; all born of the fame father, king Henry VIII. but all by different mothers. (See CONSANGUINITY, § II. I; DE. SCENT, § IV.; INHERITANCE; and SUCCESSION.) 3. The doctrine of hereditary right does by no means imply an indefeasible right to the throne. No man will affert this, who has confidered our laws, conftitution, and history, without prejudice, and with any degree of attention. It is unqueftionably in the power of the fupreme legislative authority of this kingdom, the king and both houses of parliament, to defeat this hereditary right; and, by particular entails, limitations, and provifions, to exclude the immediate heir, and vest the inheritance in any one elfe. This is ftrictly confonant to our laws and conftitution; as may be gathered from the expreffion fo frequently ufed in our ftatutes, of "the king's majefty, his heirs, fucceffors:" In which we may obferve, that as the word heirs neceffarily implies an inheritance or hereditary right generally fubfifting in the royal perfon; fo the word fucceffors, diftin&tly taken, muft imply that this inheritance may sometimes be broken through; or, that there may be a fucceffor without being the heir of the king. And this is fo extremely reasonable, that without fuch a power, lodged fomewhere, our polity would be very defective. For, let us barely fuppofe fo melancholy a cafe, as that the heir apparent fhould be a lunatic, an ideot, or otherwise incapable of reigning; how miferable would the condition of the nation be, if he were also incapable of being fet áfide! It is therefore neceffary that this power fhould be lodged fomewhere; and yet the inheritance and regal dignity would be very precarious indeed, if this power were exprefsly and avowedly lodged in the hands of the fubject only, to be exerted whenever prejudice, caprice, or difcontent, fhould happen to take the lead. Confequently it can no where be fo properly lodged as in the two houfes of parliament, by and with the confent of the reigning king; who, it is not to be fuppofed, will agree to any thing prejudicial to the rights of his own defcendants. And therefore, in the king, lords, and commons, in parliament affembled, our laws have exprefsly lodged it. 4. But, 4thly, However the crown may be limited or transferred, it fill retains its defcendible quality, and becomes hereditary in the wearer of it. And hence, in our law, the king is faid never to die in his political capacity; though, in common with other men, he is fubject to mortality in his natural: because immediately upon the natural death of Henry, William, or George, the king furvives in his fucceffor. For the right of the crown vefts, eo inftanti, upon his G &

heir;

any other county, being plentiful even in the hedges. Of these are various kinds; the most celebrated is the redftreak, which is peculiar to this county. The Styer cider is remarkable for a fu perior ftrength and body, and for keeping well. The sheep are small, affording a very fine filky wool. The principal rivers are the Wye, Mynnow, and Lug; all well ftored with fifh. The falmons of this county are very remarkable; being never out of season, but always found, fat, and fit for the table.

heir; either the hæres natus, if the courfe of defcent remains unimpeached, or the hæres fa&tus, if the inheritance be under any particular fettlement. So that there can be no interregnum; but, as Sir Matthew Hale obferves, the right of fovereignty is fully invefted in the fucceffor by the very defcent of the crown. And therefore, however acquired, it becomes in him abfolutely hereditary, unlefs by the rules of the limitation it is otherwife ordered and determined: In the fame manner as landed eftates are, by the law, hereditary or defcendible to the heirs of the owner; but ftill there exifts a power, by which the property of thofe lands may be transferred to another perfon. If this transfer be made fimply and abfolutely, the lands will be hereditary in the new owner, and defcend to his heir at law; but if the transfer be clogged with any limitations, conditions, or entails, the lands muft defcend in that channel, fo limited and prescribed, and no other. See Suc

CESSION.

HEREDITAS JACENS, in Scots law. An eftate is faid to be in hereditate jacente, after the death of the proprietor till the entry of the heir.

(1.) HEREFORD, [Sax. i. e. the army's ford.] the capital of Herefordshire, with markets on Wed. Frid. and Sat. It is almoft encompaffed by the Wye and two other rivers, over which are two bridges. It is an ancient decayed place, and had fix parish churches, but two of them were demolished in the civil wars. It was erected into a bishop's fee in 680; and the cathedral is an ancient and venerable ftructure. In 1055, the town was facked, and the cathedral deftroyed, by Griffin Pr. of S. Wales. Harold II. repaired and fortified it, and the Normans walled it round. The prefent ftately cathedral was founded in the reign of Henry I. by Bp. Reinelm, and enlarged by his fucceffors. The weft tower was a beautiful and magnificent piece of architecture; it was 125 feet high, and was built in the 12th century by Giles de Bruce, Bp. of Hereford; but, in April 1786, the whole tower, with a part of the church, fell down. The tower has been fince rebuilt. The chief manufacture is gloves. It is governed by a mayor and fix aldermen; and is 30 miles NW. of Gloucester, and 130 WNW. of London. Lon. 2. 35. W. Lat. 52. 4. N.

(2.) HEREFORD, LITTLE, a village of Herefordshire, on the Teme, W. of Tenbury.

HEREFORDSHIRE, a county of England, bounded on the E. by Gloucester, and Worcester fhires, on the W. by Radnor and Brecknock fhires, on the N. by Shropshire, and on the S. by Monmouthfhire. It extends 35 miles from N. to S. and 47 from E. to W. It is divided into 11 hundreds; contains one city, 8 market towns, 176 parishes; 391 villages, 15,000 houfes, and about 90,000 inhabitants. It fends 8 members to parliament, viz. 2 for the county, and 2 each for Hereford, Leominster, and Weobly. The air is healthy, and the inhabitants generally live to a great age. The foil is exceedingly rich, producing excellent corn, wool, and fruit, as is evident from the Leominster bread, Weobly ale, and Herefordíh. cider; the laft of which is fent to all parts of England. Apples grow in greater abundance here than in

HEREGOVINZA, a territory of European Turkey, in Bofnia, near Dalmatia.

*HEREIN. adv. [here and in.] In this.-How highly foever it may please them with words of truth to extol fermons, they fhall not herein offend us. Hooker.

My best endeavours fhall be done herein.

Shak. -Since truths, abfolutely neceffary to falvation, are fo clearly revealed that we cannot err in them, unless we be notoriously wanting to ourselves, herein the fault of the judgment is refolved into a precedent default in the will. South.

* HEREINTO, adv. [here and into.] Into this.-Because the point about which we ftrive is the quality of our laws, our firft entrance bereinto cannot better be made than with confideration of the nature of the law in general. Hooker.

* HEREMITICAL. adj. [It should be written eremitical, from eremite, of gnu, a defert; beremitique, French.] Solitary; fuitable to a hermit. You defcribe fo well your heremitical state of life, that none of the ancient anchorites could go before you for a cave in a rock. Pope.

HERENCIA, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, 40 miles SE. of Toledo.

HERENDITZ, a town of Croatia.

HERENHAUSEN, a palace near Ilanover, with a garden of vaft extent, in which are fine waterworks, a labyrinth, and many other curiofities.

HERENTHALS, a town of France, in the dep. of Deux Nattes, and late prov. of Austrian Brabant, feated on the Nethe, 20 miles NE. of London. Lon. 4. 54. E. Lat. 51. 13. N.

HEREOF. adv. [here and of.] From this: of this.-Hereof comes it that prince Henry is valiant.

Shak.

Herefs