with the general fufpicion that James favoured the Catholic party, probably induced pope Clement VIII. to make an attempt to get him into his hands. With this view he propofed, that if James would entrust him with the education of the young prince, he would advance fuch fums of money as would effectually establish him on the throne of England. This happened a little before the death of Elizabeth; but James, notwithstanding his ambition to poffefs the crown of England, of which he was not yet altogether certain, withstood the temptation. On the death of Q. Elizabeth, James left Scotland in fuch hafte, that he had no time to take a personal leave of his fon, and therefore did fo by letter, which was answered by the prince in Latin. In July 1603, prince Henry was invefted with the order of the garter. Being obliged to leave London on account of the plague, he retired to Otelands, a royal palace near Weybridge in Surry, where a separate household was appointed for him and his fifter Elizabeth. In his 10th year, he applied himself to naval and military affairs. In matters of literature he appears to have been a very good judge. He patronized divines; and his attachment to the proteftant religion was fo great, that it never was in the power of the queen, who favoured the catholic party, to make the leaft impreffion upon him. Her machinations for this purpose were discovered by the French ambaffador; who, in a letter dated June 7th, 1604, informed his master of them, and that the Spaniards were in hopes of being able by her means to alter the religion in England, as well as to prejudice the prince against France, which the queen faid the hoped that her fon would one day be able to conquer, like another Henry V. In another letter, dated 22d Oct. 1604, after taking notice of the queen's immoderate ambition, he adds, that she used all her efforts to corrupt the mind of the prince, by flattering his paffions, diverting him from his ftudies, and representing to him, that learning was inconfiftent with the character of a great general and conqueror; propofing at the fame time a marriage with the infanta of Spain. Notwithstanding these infinuations, the prince continued to patronise the learned as before. He prefented John Johnfton, one of the king's profeffors at St Andrew's, with a diamond, for having dedicated to him an Hiftorical Description of the kings of Scotland from the foundation of the monarchy. In 1606, Mr John Bond dedicated his edition of Horace to the prince, whom he highly compliments on his progrefs in learning. In 1609, a book was fent over to him from France by Sir George Carew, the British ambassador there, tending to difprove the doctrine of the Catholics concerning the church of Rome being the first of the Chriftian churches. The fame year the learned Thomas Lydyat published his Emendatio Temporum, under the patronage of the prince; who took the author into his family, and made him his chronographer and cofmographer. Paul Buys alfo fent him a letter with a dedication of the ad part of his Pandects. In 1611 Dr Tooker, in his dedication of an Answer to Becanus a Jefuit, who had written against a piece done by K. James himself, ftyles prince Henry "the Mecenas of all the learned." Many other authors dedicated their

performances to him; nor was his correfpondence lefs extenfive than his erudition. He was congratulated by the elector palatine, afterwards married to the princess Elizabeth, on the discovery of the gunpowder-plot. On the fame occafion also Lord Spencer wrote him a letter, accompanying it with the prefent of a fword and target; "inftruments (fays he) fit to be about you in these treacherous times; from the which, I truft, God will ever protect your most royal father, &c." Previous to this he had correfponded in Latin with the doge of Venice, the landgrave of Heffe, the king of Denmark, the D. of Brunswick, and Uladiflaus K. of Poland; and in French with the D. of Savoy; befides a number of other eminent perfons. In 1606, Henry IV. of France ordered his ambaffador to pay him special regard on all occafions. He defired him likewise to falute the prince in the name of the dauphin, afterwards Lewis XIII. and to inform him of the regard the latter had for him. To all thefe meffages the prince made very fit replies. This year alfo the prince waited on his uncle Frederic III. K. of Denmark, who had come to England on a vifit to K. James; and who was fo much pleafed with his company, that he prefented him at parting with his vice-admiral and best fighting ship, valued at no less than 2500l. also with a rapier and hanger, valued at 2000 marks. The ftates of Holland were equally ready to show their attachment. On the 25th of August this year they fent a letter to the prince in French, accompanied with a prefent of a set of table linen, the produce of their country. The prince's partiality towards France was fo evident, that the French ambassador, in a letter dated 31st Oct. 1686, mentions, that " as far as he could difcover, his highness's inclination was entirely towards France, and that it would be wrong to neglect a prince who promised fuch great things. None of his pleasures (continued he) favour the least of a child. He is a particular lover of horses, but is not fond of hunting; and when he goes to it, it is rather for the pleasure of galloping, than that which the dogs give him. He ftudies two hours a-day, and employs the rest of his time in toffing the pike, or leaping, or fhooting with the bow, or throwing the bar, or vaulting, or fome other exercise, and he is never idle. He fhows himself likewise very good-natured to his dependents, fupports their interefts, and pushes whatever he undertakes for them or others with such zeal as gives success to it." He adds, that the queen had lefs affection for Prince Henry than for his brother the duke of York, afterwards Charles I.; that the king also seemed to be jealous of his fon's accomplishments, and to be difpleafed with the quick progress he made. In 1607, the prince received the arms and armour which Henry IV. sent him as a prefent; and these being accompanied with a letter, the prince returned an answer by a Mr Douglas, who was introduced to the king of France by the ambassador Sir George Carew. K. Henry, contrary to cuftom, opened the prince's letter immediately; and was fo much furprifed at the beauty of the character, that he could not be satisfied that it was the prince's hand, until he compared the fignature with the reft of the writing. In July 1607, the Dutch ambaffadors came re

commended

commended to Prince Henry by the States. All this attention paid him by foreign powers, and all the temptations which a youth in his exalted flation must have been expofed to, feem never to have fhaken the mind of this magnanimous prince, or to bave made him deviate from the strict line of propriety. His attachment to the Proteftant religion appears not to have been grounded upon prejudices, inculcated upon his infant mind by thofe who had the care of him, but from a thorough conviction of the truth of its principles. On the difcovery of the gunpowder plot, he was fo impreffed with gratitude towards the Supreme Being, that he never afterwards omitted being prefent at the fermon preached on that occafion. In his 14th year he showed himself capable of diftinguithing the merit of religious difcourfes, and paid particular regard to fuch divines as were remarkable for learning and abilities. Among thefe he honoured with his attention the learned Mr Jofeph Hall, then rector of Halftead in Suffolk, afterwards fucceffively Bp. of Exeter and Norwich. In his family he took the utmost care to preferve decency and regularity. He ordered boxes to be kept at his houfes of St James's, Richmond, and Nonfuch, for the money required of those who were heard to fwear; the fines levied on fuch offenders being given to the poor. He had, indeed, a particular averfion to the vice of profane fwearing. Being once asked why he did not fwear at play as well as others; he anfwered, that he knew no game worthy of an oath. The fame answer he is faid to have given at a hunting match. The ftag, almoft quite fpent, croffed a road where a butcher was paffing with his dog. The ftag was inftantly killed by the dog; the huntfmen were greatly offended againft the butcher; but the prince answered coolly, "What if the butcher's dog killed the ftag, what could the butcher help it?" They replied, that if his father had been fo ferved, he would have fworn fo that no man could have endured. "Away," cried the prince, "all the pleasure in the world is not worth an oath." The regard which Prince Henry had for religion was manifeft from his attachment to those who behaved themselves in a religious and virtuous manner. Among thefe was Sir John Harrington, whofe good qua lities fo endeared him to the prince, that he cntered into as ftrict a friendship with him as the difproportion between their stations would allow. See HARRINGTON, N° 3. In his friendships Prince Henry appears to have been very fincere, and inviolably attached to those whom he once patronifed. He had a great regard for his grand aunt Lady Arabella Stewart, fifter of Henry Lord Darnley; and there is still extant a letter from her, acknowledging fome kindness he had bestowed on a kinfman at her recommendation. He expreffed much compaffion for her misfortunes; The having excited the king's jealoufy on account of her marriage with Mr William Seymour, afterwards earl and marquis of Hertford, and duke of Somerset. The courage, intrepidity, and martial turn of this prince, were manifeft from his infancy. He was hardly ten years of age, when he mounted a very high-fpirited horse, in fpite of the remonftrances of his attendants; fpurred the VOL. XI. PART I.

animal to a full gallop; and having thoroughly wearied him, brought him back at a gentle pace, afking his fervants at his return, "How long fhall I continue in your opinion to be a child?" In Auguft 1607, he visited the royal navy at Woolwich, where he was received by Mr Pett, and conducted aboard the Royal Anne, where he had 31 large pieces of ordnance ready to be fired. This was done unexpectedly as foon as the prince reached the poop; at which he expreffed great fatisfaction. After this he paid the utmoft altention to naval affairs, and repeatedly visited the dockyards at Woolwich, Chatham, &c. Among his papers, a lift of the royal navy was found after his death, with an account of all the expenfes of fitting out, manning, &c. which muft now be accounted a valuable addition to the naval hiftory of thofe times. His paffion for naval affairs naturally led him to a defire of making geographical difcoveries; of which two inftances are recorded. One was in 1607, when he received from Mr Tindal his gunner, who had been employed by the Virginia company, a draught of James's river in that country, with a letter dated 22d June the fame year. The other was in 1612, when he employed Mr Thomas Button, an eminent mariner, to go in queft of a north-weft paffage, but who did not return till after Prince Henry's death. His martial difpofition was eminently dif played on occafion of his being invefted in the principality of Wales and duchy of Cornwall, June 4th, 1610; when, at the tournaments given, according to the romantic tafte of the times, he gave and received 32 pufhes of the pike, and about 360 ftrokes of fwords, performing his part to the admiration of all who faw him, he being then not 16 years of age. To his other virtues Prince Henry added thofe of frugality without avarice, and generofity without extravagance. Though he never interfered much in public bufinefs, yet in any little tranfactions he had of this kind, he always difplayed great firmnefs and refolution. It is not to be fuppofed but that the marriage of a prince fo much admired would engage the attention of the public. The queen, who favoured the interest of Spain, proposed a match with the infanta, and the king of Spain feemed inclined to the match. In 1611, a propofal was made for a double marriage betwixt the prince of Wales and the eldeft princefs of Savoy, and between the prince of Savoy and Lady Elizabeth; but thefe overtures were very coolly received, being generally difagreeable to the nation. Another match was propofed with the 2d princefs of France. But in all of thefe proposals prince Henry fhowed the moft ftoical indifference; and continued to apply himself with the utmost affiduity to his employments and exercises, the continual fatigue of which at laft impaired his health, In his 19th year his conftitution underwent a re markable change: he began to appear pale and thin, and to be more retired and ferious than ufual. He complained now and then of a giddiness and heavy pain in his forehead; he frequently bled at the nofe, which gave great relief, though the difcharge ftopped fome time before his death. Thefe forebodings of a dangerous, malady were totally neglected both by himself and his attend

Drummond of Hawthornden, Dominic Baudius. of Leyden, &c. Prince Henry was of a comely ftature, about 5 feet 8 inches; of a strong, straight, well made body, with broad shoulders and a small waift; of an amiable and majestic countenance; his hair of an auburn colour; he was long-faced, and had a broad forehead, a piercing eye, a moft gracious fmile, with a terrible frown. He was courteous, loving, and affable; naturally modeft, and even fhame-faced; patient; flow to anger; and merciful to offenders. His fentiments of piety were ftrong and habitual. He ufually retired three times a day for his private devotions, and was scarce once a month abfent from the public prayers, where his behaviour was decent and exemplary, and his attention fixed. He had the greateft efteem for all divines whofe characters and conduct correfponded with their profeffion; but could not conceal his indignation against fuch as acted inconfiftently with it. He had a thorough detef tation for popery, though he treated thofe of that religion with great courtefy; fhowing that his hatred was not levelled at their persons, but their opinions: and he was fo immoveable in his attachment to the Proteftant religion, that Sir Charles Cornwallis affures us, he made a folemn proteftation that he would never join in marriage with one of a different faith. He was exact in all the duties of filial piety, and bore a high respect for his father. He adhered ftrictly to justice on all occafions; and never fuffered himself to determine rafhly, till after a due examination of both parties. This love of juftice showed itself very early. When he was but a little above 5 years of age, and a fon of the earl of Mar, fomewhat younger than himself, falling out with one of his pages, did him fome wrong, the prince reproved him, faying, "I love you, because you are my lord's fon, and my coufin: but if you be not better conditioned, I will love fuch a one better;" naming the child who had complained of him. He was of fingular integrity, and hated flattery and diffimulation. His temperance, except in the article of fruit, was as eminent as his abhorrence of oftentation. When he was taught to handle the pike, and his mafter inftructed him to use a kind of ftatelinefs in marching, though he learned all other things, he would not conform himself to that affected fashion; and though he was a perfect mafter of dancing, he never practifed it, except when ftrongly preffed to it. The fame modefty appeared in whatever he faid or did: His clothes were ufually very plain, except on occafions of public ceremony, or upon receiving foreign ambaffadors. In quickness of apprehenfion and memory, few of the fame age ever excelled him; and fewer still in a right judgment of what he was taught. Befides his knowledge of the learned languages, he spoke the Italian and French; and had made a confiderable progrefs in philofophy, hiftory, fortification, mathematics, and cof mography. He delighted in shooting and levelling great pieces of ordnance; in ordering and marfhalling of troops; in building and gardening; in mufic, fculpture, and painting, in which laft art he brought over feveral works of great mafters from foreign countries. He had a juft opinion of the great abilities of Sir Walter Raleigh; and is

ants, even after he began to be feized at intervals with fainting fits. Notwithstanding these alarm. ing fymptoms he continued his ufual employments. In the beginning of Jane 1612, he went to Richmond, and notwithstanding his complaints, took the opportunity of the neighbourhood of the Thames to learn to fwim. This practice in an evening, and after fupper, was discommended by feveral of his attendants. He could not, however, be prevailed upon to difcontinue it, but took pleasure in walking by the river fide in moonlight to hear the found and echo of the trumpets, by which he was expofed to the evening dews. Through impatience to meet the king his father, he rode 60 miles in one day, and the next day 36 to Belvoir Castle. During the heat of the feafon alfo he made feveral other fatiguing journeys, which undoubtedly contributed to impair his health. His countenance became more pale; his body more emaciated; and he complained now and then of drowsiness. The malady increased in October, though he endeavoured to conceal it; and now, instead of rifing early in the morning as before, he commonly kept his bed till 9. On the 16th his difcafe had gained fo much ground, that his temper underwent a confiderable alteration, and he became peevish; yet fo great was his activity even at this time, that he played a match at tennis on the 24th. At this time he expofed himself in his fhirt, feemingly without inconvenience; but at night he complained of a greater degree of laffitude than ufual, and of a pain in his head. Next day, being Sunday, he attended divine fervice, and heard two fermons; after which he dined with his father, feemingly with a good appetite, but the palenefs and ghaftly appearance of his countenance were much remarked. About 3 P. M. he was obliged to yield to the violence of his diftemper; being feized with à great faintnefs, fhivering, and headach, with other symptoms of fever, which from that time never left him. Several phyficians were called; but they differed much in their opinions, which, indeed, confidering the ftate of medicine at that time, could have been of no fervice. On the 1ft of Nov. he was blooded, the impropriety of which was manifeft by the thin and diffolved state of the blood which was taken away, and ftill more by his becoming much worse next day. As no proper methods of treatment were employed, it is not to be wondered that he funk under the difeafe. He expired on the 6th Nov. 1612, at the age of 18 years, 8 months, and 17 days. On opening his body, the lungs were found black, fpotted, and full of corrupted matter; the diaphragm was alfo blackened in many places; the blood veffels in the hinder part of the head were diftended with blood, and the ventricles full of water; the liver was in fome places pale and lead-coloured; the gall-bladder deftitute of bile, and diftended with wind; and the fpleen in many places unnaturally black. His funeral was not folemnized till the 7th of December. Many funeral fermons were published in honour of him, and the two universities publifhed collections of verfes on this occafion. The moft eminent poets of that age alfo exerted themselves in honour of the deceafed prince; particularly Donne, Brown, Chapman,

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