conclude, that when the water either ftrikes the helm too directly, or too obliquely, it lofes a great deal of the effect it ought to produce. Between the two extremes there is therefore a mean pofition, which is the moft favourable to its operations. The diagonal NP of the rectangle IL reprefents the abfolute direction of the effort of the water upon the helm. NI expreffes the portion of this effort which is oppofed to the fhip's head-way, or which pushes her aftern, in a direction parallel to the keel. It is easily perceived, that this part NI of the whole power of the helm contributes but little to turn the yeffel; for, if IN is prolonged, it appears that its direction approaches to a very fmall diftance GV from the centre of gravity G; and that the arm of the lever BN GV, to which the force is applied, is not in the whole more than equal to half the breadth of the rudder: but the relative force NL, which acts perpendicular to the keel, is extremely different. If the firft NI is almost useless, and even pernicious, by retarding the velocity; the fecond NL is capable of a very great effect, because it operates at a confiderable diftance from the centre of gravity G of the fhip, and acts upon the arm of a lever GE, which is very long. Thus it appears, that between the effects NL and NI, which refult from the abfolute effort NP, there is one which always opposes the fhip's course, and contributes little to her motion of turning; whilft the other produces only this movement of rotation, without operating to retard her velocity. Geometricians have determined the most advantageous angle made by the helm with the line prolonged from the keel, and fixed it at 54° 44', prefuming that the fhip is as narrow at her floating line, or at the line defcribed by the furface of the water round her bottom, as at the keel. But as this fuppofition is abfolutely falfe, inasmuch as all veffels augment their breadth from the keel upward to the extreme breadth, where the floating-line or the higheft water-line is terminated; it follows, that this angle is too large by a certain number of degrees. For the rudder is impreffed by the water, at the height of the floating-line, more directly than at the keel, becaufe the fluid exactly follows the horizontal outlines of the bottom; fo that a particular pofition of the helm might be fuppofed neceffary for each different incidence which it encounters from the keel upwards. But as a middle pofition may be between all thefe points, it will be fufficient to confider the angle formed by the fides of the ship, and her axis, or the middle line of her length, at the furface of the water, in order to determine afterwards the mean point, and the mean angle of incidence. It is evident that the angle 54° 44′ is too open, and very unfavourable to the ship's headway, because the water acts upon the rudder there with too great a fine of incidence, as being equal to that of the angle which it makes with the line prolonged from the keel below: but above, the Thock of the water is almoft perpendicular to the rudder, because of the breadth of the bottom, as we have already remarked. If then the rudder is only opposed to the fluid, by making an angle of 45 with the line prolonged from the keel, the impreffion, by becoming weaker, will be lefs oppofed to the ship's head-way, and the direction NP of the abfolute effort of the water upon the helm drawing nearer to the lateral perpendicular, will be placed more advantageously, for the rea fons above mentioned. On the other hand, experience daily teftifies, that a fhip fteers well when the rudder makes the angle DBE equal to 35° only. It has been already remarked, that the effect of moving the wheel to govern the helm increases in proportion to the length of the fpokes; and fo great is the power of the wheel, that if the helmfman employs a force upon its spokes equiva lent to 30 lb. it will produce an effect of 90 or 120 lb. upon the tiller. On the contrary, the action of the water is collected into the middle of the breadth of the rudder, which is very narrow in comparison with the length of the tiller; fo the effort of the water is very little removed from the fulcrum B upon which it turns; whereas the tiller forms the arm of a lever 10 or 15 times longer, which alfo increases the power of the helmfman in the fame proportion that the tiller bears to the lever upon which the impulfe of the water is directed. This force then is by confequence 10 or 15 times ftronger; and the effort of 30 pounds, which at firft gave the helmsman a power equal to 90 or 120 lb. becomes accumulated to one of 900 or 1800 lb. upon the rudder. This disadvantage then arifes from the shortness of the lever upon which the action of the water is impreffed, and the great comparative length of the tiller, or lever, by which the rudder is governed; together with the addi tional power of the wheel that directs the move. ments of the tiller, and still farther accumulates the power of the helmsman over it. Such a demonftration ought to remove the surprise with which the prodigious effect of the helm is fome. times confidered, from an inattention to its mechanifm: for we need only to obferve the preffure of the water, which acts at a great diftance from the centre of gravity G, about which the fhip is fuppofed to turn, and we shall easily perceive the difference there is between the effort of the water against the helmsman, and the effect of the fame impulfe against the veffel. With regard to the perfon who fteers, the water acts only with the arm of a very fhort lever NB, of which B is the fulcrum: on the contrary, with regard to the ship, the force of the water is impreffed in the direction NP, which paffes to a great distance from G, and acts upon a very long lever EG, which renders the action of the rudder extremely powerful in turning the vessel ; so that, in a large fhip, the rudder receives a fhock from the water of 2700 or 2800 lb. which is frequently the cafe when the fails at the rate of 3 or 4 leagues by the hour; and this force being applied in E, perhaps 100 or 110 feet diftant from the centre of gravity G, will operate upon the fhip to turn her about, with 270,000 or 308,000 lb.; whilft, in the latter cafe, the helmsman acts with an effort which exceeds not 30 lb. upon the fpokes of the wheel. From what has been faid, it is plain that the more a ship increases her velocity with regard to the fea, the more powerful will be the effect of the rudder; because it acts against the water with a force which increases as the fquare of the swiftness of the fluid, whether the ship advances or retreats; or, in other words, whether she has head-way or ftern-way; with this distinction, that in thefe two circumftan- was releafed he retired to Holland; where he died ces the effects will be contrary. For if the veffel in 1644. He publifhed, 1. De magnetica corporum retreats, or moves aftern, the helm will be im- curatione. 2. Febrium doctrina inaudita. 3. Or-> preffed from I to N; and instead of being pufhed, tus medicine. 4. Paradoxa de aquis Spadanis: and according to NP, it will receive the effort of the other works, printed together in one vol. folio. water from N towards R; fo that the ftern will be tranfported to the fame movement, and the head turned in a contrary direction. When the helm operates by itfelf, the centre of rotation of the fhip, and her movement, are determined by eftimating the force of this machine; that is to fay, by multiplying the furface of the rudder by the fquare of the fhip's velocity. (4.) HELM, TERMS USED RESPECTING THE. In the fea language, Bear up the helm, fignifies, Let the fhip go more at large before the wind: Helm a mid-fhip, or right the helm, is, Keep it even with the middle of the hip: Port the helm, Put it over the left fide of the thip: and Starboard the helm, Put it on the right fide of the fhip. *To HELM, v. a, [from the noun.] To guide; to conduct. Hanmer. The very ftream of his life, and the business he hath helmed, muft give him a better proclamation. Shak. HELMANAED, a town of Auftria. (2.) HELMONT, a small town of the Batavian republic, in the dep. of Dommel and Scheldt, and ci-devant province of Dutch Brabant, with a good caftfe, feated on the Aa. Lon. 5. 37. E. Lat. 51. 31. N. (r.) HELMSDALE, a river of Scotland, in Sutherland, called in the Celtic, Abbin Iligh, or Avonuillie, which rifes from everal lakes in the parish of Kildonan, runs through it for 13 miles from NW. to SE. and falls into the German Ocean, 2 miles SW. of the Ord of Caithness, after a courfe of other 7 miles through the parish of Loth. It abounds with falmon, which are fent to London by a company, who pay L.133 fterling a-year for the privilege of fishing in it. (2.) HELMSDALE, a village on the above river, (N° 1.) in the parish of Loth, where a boiling houfe is erected by the fishing company above mentioned. HELMSLEY, a town of Yorkshire, on the Rye, which has a good trade in cottons and linens: 22 *HELMED, adj. [from helm.] Furnished with miles N. of York, and 222 N. by W. of London. a headpiece. The helmed cherubim Are feen in glittering ranks with wings display'd. Milton. HELMERSHAUSEN, a town of Heffe-Caffel. (1.) * HELMET. n. f. [Probably a diminutive of helm.] A helm; a headpiece; armour for the head. I faw him down; thrice up again, and fighting; From belmet to the fpur all bleeding o'er. Shak. Sev'n darts are thrown at once, and fome rebound From his bright shield, fome on his helmet found. Dryden. (2.) The HELMET was anciently worn by horfemen both in war and in tournaments. It covered both the head and face, only leaving an aperture in the front fecured by bars, which was called the vifor. In achievements, it is placed above the efcutcheon for the principal ornament, and is the true mark of chivalry and nobility Helmets vary according to the different degrees of thofe who bear them. They are alfo ufed as a bearing in coats of arms. See HERALDRY, Chap. IV. Seat. IV. * HELMINTHICK, adj. [from txμive@.] Relating to worms. Dia.. HELMINTHOLITHUS, in natural hiftory, a name given by Linnæus to petrified bodies refembling worms. Of thefe he reckons 4 genera: 1. Petrified lithophyta, found in the mountains of Sweden. 2. Petrified fhells. 3. Petrified zoophytes. 4. Petrified reptiles. (1.) HELMONT, John Baptift VAN, a celebrated Flemish gentleman, born at Bruffels in 1577. He acquired fuch skill in natural philofophy, phyfic, and chemistry, that he was accounted a magician, and thrown into the inquifition: but having with difficulty juftified himlelf, as foon as he VOL. XI. PART I. Lon. 1. o. W. Lat. 54. 19. N. HELMSMAN, n. f. a pilot, or steerfman. (1.) HELMSTADT, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Brunswick, built by Charlemagne. Lon. 11. 1o. E. Lat. 52. 20. N. (2.) HELMSTADT, a town in the palatinate of the Khine, 14 miles SE. of Heidelberg.' (3.) HELMSTADT, or HALMSTADT, a strong maritime town of Sweden, and capital of the province of Holland feated at the mouth of the Niffa, on the Baltic. Lon. 12. 48. E. "Lat. 56. 38. N. HELOISE, or ELOISA, the miftrefs, and after `wards the wife of Abelard, famous for her unfor tunate affection for, and her Latin letters to him, after they had retired from the world. She died abbefs of Paraclet in 1163, 20 years after him. See ABELARD. HELONG-KIANG. See AMUR. HELONIAS, in botany: A genus of the trigynia order, belonging to the hexandria class of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the roth order, Coronaria. The corolla is hexapetalous; there is no calyx; and the capfule is trilocular. HELOS, in ancient geography, a maritime town of Laconia, between Trinafus and Acriæ, in the diftrict of Helotea. In Paufanias's time it was in ruins. The people being fubdued by the Lacedæmonians, were all reduced to a ftate of the most horrid flavery; and neither could recover their liberty, nor be fold out of the territory of Sparta. Hence the term rua, in Harpocration, for being in a state of flavery; and hence alfo the Lacedæmonians called the flaves of all nations whatever belotes. Heloticus is the epithet. HELOTEA, a diftrict of Laconia. HELOTÆ, HELOTES, called alfo Helei and Heleate by Stephanus, and ILOTE by Livy, the inhabitants of Helos, and the flaves of the Spartans. See HELOS. The Spartans HELOTS, A a were were forbidden the exercise of any mean or mechanical employment, and therefore the whole care of fupplying the city with neceffaries devolved upon the Helots. HELP. n. [from the verb; bulpe, Dutch.] 1. Affiftance; aid; fupport; fuccour.-Mule-affes, defpairing to recover the city, hardly efcaped his enemies hands by the good help of his uncle. Knolles.-He may be beholden to experience and acquired notions, where he thinks he has not the leaft help from them. Locke.-So great is the ftupidity of fome of thofe, that they may have no fenfe of the help administered to them. Smalridge. 2. That which gives help.-Though thefe contrivances increase the power, yet they proportionably protract the time; that which by fuch helps one man may do in a hundred days, may be done by the immediate ftrength of a hundred men in one day. Wilkins. Virtue is a friend and an help to nature; but it is vice and luxury that destroys it, and the difeafes of intemperance are the natural product of the fins of intemperance. South.-Another help St Paul himself affords us towards the attaining the true meaning contained in his epiftles. Locke. 3. That which forwards or promotes.Coral is in ufe as an help to the teeth of children. Bacon. 4. Remedy.-There is no help for it, but he must be taught accordingly to comply with the faulty way of writing. Holder on Speech. (1.) TO HELP. v. a. preter. helped, or holp; part. helped, or holpen, [hilpan, Gothick; belpan, Saxon.] 1. To affift; to fupport; to aid. Let us work as valiant men behoves; For boldeft hearts good fortune helpeth out. Fairfax. -O Lord, make hafte to help me. Pfalms.-God belped him against the Philiftines. 2 Chron. xxvi. 7. -They helped them in all things with filver and gold. i Efdr.-A man reads his prayers out of a book, as a means to help his understanding and direct his expreffions. Stilling fleet. 2. It has, in familiar language, the particle out, which feems to have meant originally, out of a difficulty. This he conceives not hard to bring about, If all of you should join to help him out. Dryden. -What I offer is fo far from doing any diskindnefs to the cause thefe gentlemen are engaged in, that it does them a real service, and helps them out with the main thing whereat they ftuck. Woodward's Natural Hiftory. The god of learning and of light, Would want a god himself to help him out. Swift. 3. To raife by help: with up.-Woe to him that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up. Eccl. iv. 10. 4. To enable to furmount: with over. Wherever they are at a ftand, help them presently over the difficulty without any rebuke. Locke. 5. To remove by help: with offHaving never learned any laudable manual art, they have recourse to thofe foolish or ill ways in ufe, to help off their time. Locke. 6. To free from pain or vexation.-Help and ease them, but by no means bemoan them, Locke. 7. To cure; to heal: with of. Obfolete. Love doth to her eyes repair, To help him of his blindness. 8. It is ufed commonly before the disease.-The Shakefp. true calamus helps coughs. Gerard. 9. To remedy; to change for the better. Ceafe to lament for that thou can't not help; And ftudy help for that which thou lament'ft. Shakefp. 10. To prevent; to hinder.-Thofe few who refide among us, only because they cannot help it. Swift. If they take offence when we give none, it is a thing we cannot help, and therefore the whole blame muft lie upon them. Sanderson.-It is a high point of ill nature to make sport with any man's imperfections that he cannot help. L'Efr. Thofe clofing fkies may ftill continue bright; But who can help it, if you'll make it night. Dryden. ་ She, betwixt her modefty and pride, Her wishes, which he could not help, would hide. Dryden. -It is reckoned ill manners for men to quarrel upon difference in opinion, because that is a thing which no man can help in himself. Swift. 11. To forbear; to avoid.—He cannot help believing, that fuch things he faw and heard. Atterbury.-I cannot help remarking the refemblance betwixt him and our author in qualities, fame, and fortune. Pope. 12. To promote; to forward. And they helped forward the afflictive. Zech.-If you make the earth narrower at the bottom than at the top, in fashion of a fugar-loaf reversed, it will help the experiment. Bacon. 13. TO HELP to. To fupply with; to furnish with.-Whom they would help to a kingdom, those reign: and whom again they would, they difplace. 1 Mac. viii. 13.-The man that is now with Tirefias can help him to his oxen again. L'Efirange. 14. To prefent at table.— In plenty ftarving, tantaliz'd in ftate, And complaifantly help'd to all I hate; Treated, carefs'd, and tir'd, I take my leave. Pope. To HELP. v. n. 1. To contribute affift (2.) ance. Shakesp Sir, how come it you Have bolp to make this refcue? -Difcreet followers and fervants help much to reputation. Bacon. Bennet's grave look was a pretence, And Danby's matchlefs impudence Help'd to fupport the knave. Dryden. A generous prefent helps to perfuade as well as an agreeable perfon. Garth. 2. To bring a fupply.-Some, wanting the talent to write, made it their care that the actors fhould help out where the mufes failed. Rymer. * HELPER. n. /. [from help.] 1. An affiftant; an auxiliary; an aider; one that helps or affifts, There was not any left, nor any helper for If rael. 2 Kings. We ought to receive fuch, that we might be fellow helpers to the truth. 3 Jo. viii. It is impoffible for that man to defpair who remembers that his helper is omnipotent. Taylor Rule of living holy. 2. One that administers remedy.-Compaffion, the mother of tears, is not always a mere idle fpectator, but an helper often times of evils. More. 3. One that fupplies with any thing wanted: with to.— Heaven Hath brought me up to be your daughter's dower As As it hath fated her to be my motive And helper to a husband. Shakefp. 4. A fupernumerary fervant.-I live in the corner of a vaft unfurnished house: my family confifts of a steward, a groom, a helper in the ftable, a footman, and an old maid. Swift to Pope. HELPFUL. adj. [help and full.] 1. Useful; that which gives affiftance. Let's fight with gentle words, 'Till time lend friends, and friends their helpful fwords. Shakefp. He orders all the fuccours which they bring; The helpful and the good about him run, And form an army. Dryden. 2. Wholesome; falutary.-A skilful chymift can as well, by feparation of vifible elements, draw helpful medicines out of poifon, as poifon out of the most healthful herbs. Raleigh's Hiftory. HELPLESS. adj. [from help.] 1. Wanting power to fuccour one's felf. One dire fhot Clofe by the board the prince's main-maft bore; All three now helpless by each other lie. Dryd. -Let our enemies rage and perfecute the poor and the belpless; but let it be our glory to be pure and peaceable. Rogers. 2. Wanting support or affiftance.- How fhall I then your helpless famé defend? 'Till then be infamy to feem your friend. Pope. 3. Jrremediable; admitting no help. Such helpless harms it's better hidden keep, Than rip up grief, where it may not avail. Spenfer. 4. Unfupplied; void: with of. This is unufual,, perhaps improper. Naked he lies, and ready to expire, Helpless of all that human wants require. Dryd. * HELPLESSLY. adv. [from belpless.] Without ability; without fuccour. HELPLESSNESS. n. f. [from helpless.] Want of ability; want of fuccour. HELSIMBURG, or ELSINBURG. See ELHELSINGBORG, SIMBURG. HELSINGFORS, a fea port of Sweden, in the prov. of Nyland, on the N. coast of the Gulf of Finland, built by Gustavus Vasa. The harbour is good, and is defended by feveral forts. It lies 140 miles ESE. of Abo. Lon. 24. 42. E. Lat. 60. 20. N. HELSINGIA, or HELSINGLAND, a province of Sweden, bounded on the N. by Jempterland and Medelpadia; on the E. by the Bothnic gulf; on the S. by Geftricia, and SW. and W. by Dalecarlia. It is full of mountains and forefts. The principal towns are Hudwickfvald, Alta, and Dilfbo. The rivers and lakes abound with fish. Its chief trade is in wood, flax, linen, iron, butter, tar, tallow, &c. It is 120 miles long and 90 broad. HELSINGIC CHARACTER, a peculiar character found on ftones in Helfingia, refembling the Runic. HELSINGOER. See ELSINEur. HELSTON, a populous borough of Cornwall, feated on the Cober, near its influx into the fea. It is one of those appointed for the coinage of tin, and the place of affembly for the W. divifion of the fhire. By a grant of Edward III. it has a market on Monday, and 8 fairs. It had formerly a priory and a caftle, and fent members to parlia ment in the reign of Edward I. but was not incorporated till the 27th of Q. Elizabeth, who ap. pointed a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 24 affiftants. It was re-incorporated Auguft 16, 1774, and ftill fends two members to parliament. It has a large market-house, a guild-hall, and 4 ftreets in the form of a crofs, with a channel of water running' through each. The fteeple of the church, with its fpire, is 90 feet high, and a fea-mark. King John exempted Helfton from paying toll anywhere' but in London; and the citizens from being impleaded any where but in their own borough. It is 12 miles E. of Penzance, and 274 WSW. of London. Lon. 5. 17. W. Lat. 50. 7. N. HELTER, a river of Northumberland. HELTER-SKELTER. adv. [As Skinner fancies, from beolfter fceado, Sax. the darkness of hell; hell, fays he, being a place of confufion.] In a hurry; without order; tumultuously. Sir John, I am thy Piftol, and thy friend; 1 Shakefp -He had no fooner turned his back, but they were at it belter Skelter, throwing books at one another's heads L'Eftrange. *HELVE. n. f. [belfe, Saxon.] The handle of an axe. The flipping of an axe from the belve, whereby another is flain, was the work of God himself. Raleigh's Hiftory. *To HELVE. v. a. [from the noun.] To fit with a helve or handle. HELVELLA, in botany; a genus of the natural order of fungi, belonging to the cryptogamia class of plants. The fungus is of the fhape of a top. HELVETIA, or CIVITAS HELVETIA, in ancient geography, the country of the HELVETII was divided into 4 Pagi or Cantons, fituated to the S. and W. of the Rhine, by which they were divided from the Germans; and extending to wards Gaul, from which they were feparated by mount Jura on the W. and by the Rhodanus and Lacus Lemanus on the S. and therefore called a Gallic nation. It was formerly a part of Celtic Gaul, but by Auguftus affigned to Gallia Belgica. The modern name is SWITZERLAND. (r.) HELVETIC, adj. having a relation to the Switzers, or inhabitants of the Swifs cantons, who were anciently called HELVETII. (2.) The HELVETIC BODY, before the war, comprehended the republic of Switzerland, confifting of 13 cantons, which made fo many distinct commonwealths, united under one general confederacy in the 14th century. See SWITZERLAND. Thefe States have undergone various revolutions, and the country has been fubjected to much diftrefs, from having been repeatedly the fcene of various bloody battles during the courfe of the French revolution. See REVOLUTION and WAR. A demo. cracy after the French model was established in this country in the year 1798: and the country got the name of the Helvetic republic. Buonaparte declared himself mediator of the Swifs conA a 2 federation federation in 1809; and it will probably be turned into one of his tributary monarchies. HELVETII, a people of Gallia Belgica, near the country of the Allobroges and the Provincia Romana; famed for bravery and a turn for war; and not deftitute of learning. See DRUIDS, $4. (1.) HELVETIUS, Adrian, an eminent phyfician, born in Holland, in 1656. After having ftudied phyfic at Leyden, he went to Paris, where he acquired great reputation in his profeffion, by difcovering a cure for the dyfentery, then, prevalent. Lewis XIV. gave him 1000 louis d'ors for publishing his method; made him in fpector-general of the hofpitals in Flanders, phyfician to the D. of Orleans, &c. He died at Paris, in 1721, aged 65. He wrote a treatise on the moft common difeafes, and their remedies; (the beft edition is that of 1724, in 2 vols. 8vo.) and other works. (2.) HELVETIUS, John Claude, fon of the doctor, (N° 1.) was born in 1685. He was first phyfician to the queen; infpector-general of the military hofpitals; a member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, of the Royal Society in London, and of the Academies of Pruffia, Florence, and Bologne. He was author of, 1. Idée Générale de l'économie animale, 1722, 8vo. 2. Principia Phyfico-Medica, in tyronum Medicina gratiam confcripta, 2 vols. 8vo. He died in 1755, aged 70. (3.) HELVETIUS, Claude Adrian, fon of the preceding, (N° 2.) was born at Paris, in 1715, and, in 1758, published a celebrated book De L'Esprit. Voltaire calls him "a true philofopher;" but his book was ftigmatized by the authors of the Journal de Trevoux, and fuppreffed by the government, on account of its atheistical principles. Upon this he came over to England, in 1764, and went afterwards to Berlin, where he was well re-, ceived by Frederick II. He wrote alfo, 1. Le Bonheur, a poem in 6 cantos: 2. Of Man, a philofophi cal work; and, 3. The Child of Nature improved by Chance; an indecent romance. He died at Paris, in 1771. HELVETUM, in ancient geography, a town of Germany, in Alfatia, now called Schleftadt. HELUI. See HELVII. HELVICUS, Chriftopher, D. D. profeffor of divinity, Greek, and the Oriental tongues, in the university of Geffen, was born near Francfort, in 1581, educated at Marpurg, and died in 1617. He published feveral Latin poems, lexicons, and grammars of different languages. The Hebrew language was fo familiar to him, that he spoke it as fluently as his mother tongue. His Chronological Tables have been greatly esteemed. HELVIDIANS, the difciples of HELVIDIUS; the fame with the ANTIDICOMARIANITES. HELVIDIUS, a difciple of Auxentius the Arian, whofe diftinguishing principle was, that Mary, the mother of Jefus, did not continue a virgin, but had children by Jofeph. He flourished in the end of the 4th century, HELVII, an ancient people of Gallia, Narbo nenfis, who poffefled the country fince called the VIVARAIS. Cæfar calls them Helvii; Pliny HELUI. Their chief city was ALBA, now ALBI, or as others think VIVIERS. HELVOETSLUYS, a fea-port town of the Ba. tavian republic, in the department of Delft, illand of Voorn, and late province of S. Holland. It has a handfome quay, is well fortified, and esteemed the fafeft harbour in the country. The largest men of war may come up to the middle of the town, and the English packet boats frequent it. In Jan. 1795, it furrendered to the French, under Pichegru. It is 12 miles W. of Dort, and E. Lat. $1. 15.SW. of Rotterdam. Lon. 4. 20. 48. N. HELWICK HEAD, a cape of Ireland, in Waterford, on the S. point of the entry into Dungarvan Bay. Lon. 7. 33. W. Lat. 52. 2. N. HELYOT, Peter, a Francifcan of the order of Piepis, of English extraction, who wrote a Hiftory of Monaftic Orders, in 8 vols. 4to. He was born in 1660, and died in 1716, aged 56. HELZSTADT, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mansfeld, 9 miles N. of Eifzleben, and 16 SSE. of Quedlinburg. Lon. 29. 6. E. of Ferro. Lat. 51. 35. N. (1.) HEM. n. f. [hem, Sax.] 1. The edge of a garment doubled and fewed to keep the threads from fpreading.-Rowlers must be made of even cloth, white and gentle, without hem, feam, or thread hanging by. Wieman. 2. [Hemmen, Dutch.] The noife uttered by a fudden and violent expira tion of the breath. I would try if I could cry hem, and have him. Shak.-He loves to clear his pipes in good air, and is not a little pleafed with any one who takes notice of the ftrength which he ftill exerts in his morning bems. Addison, 3. Interjedt. Hem! [Lat.] (2.) HEM, a town of Holftein, 3 m. S. of Lunden. 2 (1.)* To HEM, V. a. 1. To clofe the edge of cloth by a hem or double border fewed together. 2. To border ; to edge.— All the skirt about Was hemm'd with golden fringe. Fairy Queen. Along the fhore of filver ftreaming Thames, Whofe rushy bank, the which his river bems. "Spenfer. 3. To enclofe; to environ; to confine; to fhut: perhaps always with a particle; as, in, about, around. So of either fide, ftretching itself in a narrow length, was it hemmed in by woody bills, as if indeed nature had meant therein to make a place for beholders. Sidney. What lets us then the great Jerufalem With valiant fquadrons round about to hem? Fairfax Why, Neptune, haft thou made us ftand alone, Divided from the world for this, fay they; Hemm'd in to be a spoil to tyranny, Leaving affliction hence no way to fly? Daniel I hurry me in hafte away, And find his honour in a pound Hemm'd by a triple circle round, * Chequer'd with ribbons, blue and green. Pope. (2.) To HEM. v. n. [hemmen, Dutch.] 10 utter a noife by violent expulfion of the breath. HEMAN, an inspired pfalmift of Ifrael, author of the 88th pfalm. Three perfons of this name are mentioned in Scripture, viz. 1. Heman, the fon of Zerah and grandson of Judah: (1 Chron. ii. 6.) 2. Heman, the son of Mahol, who with Ethan the Ezrahite |