trample the young plants under foot; to prevent which, a paling railed on both fides is not fuffi. cient, unless it be raised as high as the hedge. Where a field is too poor to admit of a thorn hedge, if there be no quantity of ftones eafily procurable, whins are the only refource. Thefe are commonly placed on the top of a dry earth dyke, in which fituation they feldom thrive well. The following feems preferable. Two parallel ditches, 3 feet wide and two deep, border a fpace of 12 feet. Within this space raife a bank at the fide of each ditch with the earth that comes out of it, leaving an interval between the two banks. Sow the banks with whin feed, and plant a row of trees in the interval. When the whins are pretty well grown, the hedge on one of the banks may be cut down, then the other as foon as it becomes a fence, and fo on alternately. While the whins are young, they will not be difturbed by cattle, if paffages be left to go out and in. Thefe plages may be clofed up when the hedge is fufficiently ftrong to be a fence. A whin hedge, thus managed, will last many years, even in ftrong fr, unless very fevere. There are many whinhedges in the fhire of Kincardine not fo fkilfully managed, and yet the poffeffors appear not to be afraid of froft Such fences ought to be extremely welcome in the fandy grounds of the fhire of Moray, where there is fcarce a ftone to be found. 1iew earth fences that are there raised, compofed moftly of fand, very foon crumble down.' (9.) HEDGES, MR BAKEWELL'S METHOD OF PLANTING. Mr Young, in his Annals of Agriculture, vol. vi. says, that Mr Bakewell plants his quicks in a different mauner from what is common in various parts of the kingdom, He plants one row at a foot from fet to fet, and making his ditch, lays the earth which comes out of it to form a bank, on the fide oppofite to the quick. In the common method the bank is made on the quick fide above it. Reafons are not wanting to inque a preference of this method. The plants grow only in the furface earth, uncovered from the atmosphere, which muft neceffarily be a great advantage; whereas, in the ufual way of planting that earth, which is always the beft, is loaded by a thick covering obliquely of the earth out of the ditch. If the roots fhoot in the best foil, they will be out of the reach of the influences of the air; the confequence of which is, that they cannot have fo large a space of that earth as if fet on the flat. The way to have a tree or a quick thrive in the best manner poffible, is to fet it, on the furface, without any ditch or trench, that cuts off half its pafture. But if a ditch is neceffary, the next beft way muft of course be still to keep it on the flat furface; and the worst way to cover up that furface, by loading it with the dead earth out of a trench. To fay that there are good hedges in the common method is not a conclufive argument, unless both were tried on the fame foil and exposure." Mr Young howeyer obferves that this method occafions a great waste of land. (10.) HEDGES, MR MILLER'S DIRECTIONS FOR PLANTING, Mr Miller recommends the black alder as fuperior to any other that can be employed in moist foils. It may either be propagated by layers or truncheons about three feet long. The best time for planting thefe laft is in February or March. They ought to be fharpen. ed at their largeft end, and the ground well loofen. ed before they are thrust into it, left the bark fhould be torn off, which might occafion their mifcarriage. They should be fet at least two feet deep to prevent their being blown out of the ground by violent winds after they have made ftrong shoots; and they should be kept clear of tall weeds until they have got good heads, after which they will require no farther care. When raised by laying down the branches, it ought to be done in October; and by that time twelvemonth they will have roots fufficient for transplant ation, which must be done by digging a hole and loofening the earth in the place where the plant is to ftand. The young fets mutt be planted at least a foot and an half deep; and their top should be cut off to within about nine inches of the ground; by which means they will thoot out ma ny branches. This tree may be trained into very thick and clofe hedges, to the height of 20 feet and upwards. It will thrive exceedingly on the fides of brooks; for it grows best when part of its roots are in water; and may, if planted there, as is ufual for willows, be cut for poles every fifth or fixth year. Its wood makes excellent pipes and ftaves; for it will last a long time under ground or in water: and it is likewife in great eftimation among plough-wrights, turners, &c. as well as for making feveral of the utensils neceffary for agriculture. Its bark also dyes a good black. The birch is alfo recommended by Mr Miller as proper for hedges; and in places where the young plants can be eafily procured, he fays that the plantation of an acre will not coft 40 thillings, the after expenfe will not exceed 20 fhillings; fo that the whole will not come above three pounds. Afh trees ought never to be permitted in hedges, both because they injure the corn and grafs by their wide extended roots, and likewife on account of the property their leaves have of giving a rank tafte to butter made from the milk of such cattle as feed upon the leaves. No afh trees are per mitted to grow in the good dairy counties. (11.) HEDGES OF EGLANTINE, BIRCH, &c. See FENCE, 3. (12.) HEDGES OF FURSE, METHODS OF MAKING. Under the article FENCE, (§ 3.) we quoted Dr Anderfon's opinion, that "aubins, (or furze) as commonly employed, are neither a ftrong nor a lafting fence." "The first of thefe defects,” however, (fays the Dr)" may in fome measure be removed, by making the bank upon which they are fowed (for they never thould be transplanted) of a confiderable breadth; that the largenefs of the aggregate body, confidered as one mafs, may in fome measure make up for the want of ftrength in each individual plant. With this view, a bank may be raifed 5 or 6 feet in breadth at the top, with a large ditch on each fide of it; raifing the bank as high as the earth taken from the ditches will permit; the furface of which thould be fowed pretty thick with v whin-feeds. Thefe will come up very quickly; and in 2 or 3 years will form a barrier that few animals will attempt to break through, and will continue in that state of perfec tion for fome years. But the greatest objection to to this plant as a fence is, that, as it advances in fize, the old prickles always die away; there being never more of these alive at any time upon the plant, than those that have been the produce of the year immediately preceding: and thefe, thus gradually falling away, leave the stems naked below as they advance in height; fo that it very foon becomes an exceeding poor and unfight. ly fence; the ftems being entirely bare, and fo flender withal as not to be able to make a fuffici ent refistance to almoft any animal whatever. Toồ remedy this great defect, either of the two following methods may be adopted. The first is, to take care to keep the bank always ftored with young plants; never allowing them to grow to fuch a height as to become bare below; and it was principally to admit of this, without lofing at any time the ufe of the fence, that I have advifed the bank to be made of fuch an unufual breadth. For if one fide of the hedge be cut quite close to the bank, when it is only 2 or 3 years old, the other half will remain as a fence till that fide become strong again; and then the opposite fide may be cut down in its turn; and so on alternately as long as you may incline: by which means the bank will always have a strong hedge upon it without ever, becoming naked at the root. And as this plant, when bruifed, is one of the most valuable kinds of winter food yet known for all kinds of domeftic animals, the young tops may be carried home and employed for that purpose by the farmer; which will abundantly compenfate for the trouble of cutting, and the wafte of ground that is occafioned by the breadth of the bank. The other method of preferving a hedge of whins from turning open below, can only be practifed where fheep are kept; but may be there employed with great propriety. In this cafe it will be proper to fow the feeds upon a conical bank of earth, fhoved up from the furface, of the ground on each fide without any ditches. If this is preferved from the sheep for two or three years at first, they may then be allowed free accefs to it; and, as they can get up clofe to the foot of the bank upon each fide, if they have been accuftomed to this kind of food, they will eat up all the young shoots that are within their reach, which will occafion them to fend out a great many lateral fhoots; and thefe, being continually browsed upon, foon become as clofe as could be defired, and are then in no fort of danger of becoming naked at the root, although the middle part should advance to a confiderable height." (1.) To HEDGE. v, a. [from the noun.] 1. To inclose with a hedge, or fence of wood dry or growing-Hedge thy poffeffion about with thorns. Ecclus. xxviii. 24.-Thofe alleys must be hedged at both ends, to keep out the wind. Bacon. 2. To obftruct.-I will bedge up thy way with thorns. Hof. ii. 6. 3. To encircle for defence.— England, bedg'd in with the main, That water-walled bulwark, ftill fecure And confident from foreign purposes. Shakefp. There's fuch divinity doth bedge a king, That treason can but peep to what it would. Shak. Hamlet. 4. To fhut up within an inclofure. It muft not be paid and exported in ready money; fo fays our law; but that is a law to hedge in the cuckow, and ferves for no purpose: for if we export not goods, for which our merchants have money due to them, how can it be paid by bills of exchange; Locke. 5. To force into a place already full. This feems to be mistaken for edge. To edge in, is to put in by the way that requires leaft room; but bedge may fignify to thrust in with difficulty, as into a hedge.You forget yourfelf To hedge me in. Shak. Julius Cafar. When I was hafty, thou delayd'ft me longer: I pr'ythee, let me bedge one moment more Into thy promife; for thy life preferv'd. Dryden. When you are fent on an errand, be fure to bedge in fome bufinefs of your own. Swift. (2.)* To HEDGE. v. n. To fhift; to hide the head.-I myself fometimes, hiding mine honour in my neceffity, am fain to fhuffle, to bedge, and to lurch. Shak. * HEDGE-BORN. adj. [bedge and born.] Of no known birth; meanly born. He then, that is not furnish'd in this fort, Doth but ufurp the facred name of knight, And should, if I were worthy to be judge, Be quite degraded, like a hedge-born swain, That doth presume to boast of gentle blood. Sha. HEDGE-BREAKERS, or HEDGE-STEALERS, n. f. Thieves who break through hedges, to rob gardens or orchards, By 43 Eliz. cap. 7. hedge-breakers are bound to pay fuch damages as a justice of the peace fhall think fit; and if not able to pay, they fhall be committed to the conftable to be whipped. And hedge-ftealers may be apprehended, and the juftice fhall adjudge a penalty, not exceeding 10s. to the poor; or in want of payment, they fhall be fent to the house of correction for a month. 15 Car. II. cap. 2. And perfons convicted of buying ftolen wood shall forfeit treble the value. HEDGE-CREEPER. n. f. [bedge and creep.] One that skulks under hedges for bad purposes. (1.) * HEDGE-FUMITORY. n.. A plant; fumaria fepium. Ainsworth. (2.) HEDGE-FUMITORY. See FUMARIA. (1.) HEDGE-HOG. n. f. [hidge and bog; erinaceus.] 1. An animal fet with prickles, like thorns in an hedge. Like hedge-bogs, which Shak Lie tumbling in my bare-foot way, and mount Their pricks at my foot-fall. -Few have belief to fwallow, or hope enough to experience, the collyrium of Albertus; that is to make one fee in the dark; yet thus much, according unto his receipt, will the right eye of an hedgebog, boiled in oil, and preferved in a brazen vessel, effect. Brown's Vulgar Errours.-The hedge-bog hath his backfide and flanks thick fet with frong and fharp prickles; and befides, by the help of a muscle, can contract himself into a globular figure, and fo withdraw his whole under part, head, belly, and legs, within his thicket of prickles. Ray on the Creation. 2. A term of reproach.Didit thou not kill this king? 1 (2.) HEDGE-HOG. See ERINACEUS. (3.) HEDGE-HOG THISTLE. See CACTUS. (4.) HEDGE-HOG THORN. See ANTHYLLIS. (1.) HEDGE-HYSSOP. n. f. [hedge and hyffop.] A species of willow-wort; gratiola.-Hedge hyffop is a purging medicine, and a very rough one: externally it is faid to be a vulnerary. Hill. (2.) HEDGE-HYSSOP. See GRATIOLA. (1.) HEDGE-MUSTARD. n.. A plant. (2.) HEDGE-MUSTARD. See ERYSIMUM. (1.) * HEDGE-NETTLE. n. f. A plant; galtopfia, Ainforth. * 1 (2.) HEDGE-NETTLE. See GALEÓPSIS.' (3.) HEDGE-NETTLE, SHRUBBY. See BRASIUM. HEDGE NOTE. n. f. [hedge and note.] A word of contempt for low writing. When they began to be fomewhat better bred, they left these bedge-notes for another fort of poem, which was alfo full of pleasant raillery. Dryden. * HEDGE-PIG. n. f. [hedge and pig.] A young hedge-hog. Thrice the brinded cat hath mew'd, Thrice and once the hedge-pig whin'd. Shakefp. HEDGE-PRESS. HEDGE-PRIEST. S See HEDGE, § 2. * HEDGER. n.. [from hedge.] One who makes hedges.The labour'd ox In his loofe traces from the furrow came, And the fwink'd hedger at his fupper fat, Milton. He would be laugh'd at, that fhould go about to make a fine dancer out of a country hedger at paft fifty. Locké. མྷཱ * HEDGE-ROW. n. f. [hedge and row.] The feries of trees or bushes planted for inclosures. Sometimes walking not unseen By hedge-row elms, on hillocks green. Milton. -The fields in the northern fide are divided by bedge-rows of myrtle. Berkeley to Pope. (1.) HEDGE-SPARROW. n. f. [hedge and fparrow; curruca.] A fparrow that lives in bushes, diftinguished from a fparrow that builds in thatch. The hedge-fparrow fed the cuckoo so long, That it had its head bit off by its young. Shak. (2.) HEDGE-SPARROW. See MOTACILLA. HEDINGHAM, a town of Effex, with a castle, and a market on Tuesday; 48 m. NNW.of London. HEDYCARIA, in botany: A genus of the polyandria order, belonging to the diccia clafs of plants. The calyx of the male is cleft in 8 or 10 parts; there is no corolla, nor are there any fila. ments; the antheræ are in the bottom of the calyx, four furrowed, and bearded at top. The calyx and corolla of the female are as in the male; the germs pedicellated; the nuts pedicellated and monofpermous. HEDYOTIS, in botany: A genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the tetrandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 47th order, Stellata. The corolla is monopeta lous and funnel-fhaped; the capfule is bilocular, polyfpermous, inferior. HEDYSARUM, FRENCH HONEY-SUCKLE, in botany; a genus of the decandria order, belonging to the diadelphia class of plants; and in the na tural method ranking under the 32d order, Papilionacea. The carina of the corolla is transversely ob tufe; the feed-veffel a legumen with monofpermous joints. There are 59 fpecies of this plant, of which the moft remarkable are, 1. HEDYSARUM CORONARIUM, the common biennial French honeysuckle, with large deeply ftriking biennial roots; upright, hollow, fmooth, very branchy ftalks, 3 or 4 feet high, garnished with pinnated leaves; and from between the leaves proceed long fpikes of beautiful red flowers, fucceeded by jointed feed-pods. It is eafily raifed from feed in any of the common borders, and is very ornamental. 2: HEDYSARUM GYRANS, or fenfitive hedyfa rum, a native of the Eaft Indies, where it is called burrum chundalli. It arrives at the height of 4 feet, and in autumn produces bunches of yellow flowers. The root is annual or biennial. It is a trifolious plant, and the lateral leaves are smaller than thofe at the end, and all day long they are in conftant motion without any external impulfe, They move up and down and circularly. This laft motion is performed by the twisting of the footstalks; and while the one leaf is rifing, its af fociate is generally defcending, The motion downAwards is quicker and more irregular than the motion upwards, which is fteady and uniform. Thefe motions are obfervable for 24 hours in the leaves of a branch which is lopped off from the fhrub, if kept in water. If from any obftacle the motion is retarded, upon the removal of that obftacle it is refumed with a greater degree of velocity. This fpecies requires the common culture of tender exotics. * HEED, n. f. [from the verb.] 1. Care; attention. HEDGING BILL: n. f. [hedge and bill.] cutting hook used in making hedges.-Comes mafter Dametas with a hedging bill in his hand, chaffing and fwearing. Sidney. HEDJAS, or HEDSJAS, a province of Arabia, bounded on the E. by Nejed; on the S. by Yemen; on the W: by the Arabic Gulph, and on the N. by the defert of Sinai. The plain from the Red Sea to the mountains is entirely fandy and barren; but the high lands produce variety of fruits. The two chief cities are MECCA and MEDINA. "The authority of the Grand Signior," fays M. Neibuhr, "is here nothing but a mere fhadow, which the Arabs would long fince have annihilated, if they had not found their intereft in preferving it. It confifts only in a few flender prerogatives, and the revenues are proportionate." (1.) HEDIC, an island of France, 15 miles from the coaft of the dep. of Morbihan, chiefly inhabited by fishermen. (2.) HEDIC, a town in the above ifland, with a fort named Pengarde, 7 miles E. of Belleifle. Lon. 14. 42. E. of Ferro. Lat. 47. 23. N. With wanton beed and giddy cunning, The melting voice through mazes running. Mil. Take beed that, in their tender years, ideas, that have no natural cohesion, come not to be united in their heads. Locke. Thou must take heed, my Portius; The world has all its eyes on Cato's fon. Addif. 2. Caution; fearful attention; fufpicious watch. -Eitherwife bearing or ignorant carriage is caught as men catch difeafes, one of another; therefore let men take heed of their company. Shak-. Take heed; have open eye; for thieves do foot by night: Take 3. *HEEDLESSNESS. n. f. [from beedlefs.] Careleffnefs; thoughtleffnefs; negligence; inattention. In the little harms they fuffer from knocks and falls, they should not be pitied, but bid do fo again; which is a better way to cure their beedleffness. Locke. Take beedere fummer comes, or cuckoo birds affright... Shak. Care to avoid. We should take beed of the ne. glect or contempt of his worship. Tillotson. 4. No tice; obfervation.-Speech muft come by hearing and learning; and birds give more beed, and mark words more than beasts. Bacon. 5. Seriousness; faidnefs. He did unfeal them; and the first he view'd, Shak. 6. Regard; refpectful notice.-It is a way of calling a man a fool, when no heed is given to what he fays. L'Efrange.. *To HEED. v. a. [bedan, Saxon.] To mind; to regard; to take notice of; to attend. With pleafure Argus the mufician beeds; But wonders much at those new vocal reeds. Dryden -He will no more have clear ideas of all the operations of his mind, than he will have all the particular ideas of any landscape or clock, who will not turn his eyes to it, and with attention beed all the parts of it. Locke. * HEEDFUL. adj. [from beed.] 1. Watchful; Watchful; fufpicious; vigilant. Give him beedful note; ། Shak. For I mine eyes will rivet to his face; To tell the paffion of my fovereign's heart; To him one of the other twins was bound, Pope. HEEDFULLY. adv. [from heedful.] Attentively; carefully; cautiously.-Let the learner maintain an honourable opinion of his inftructor, and beedfully liften to his inftructions, as one will ing to be led. Watts. HEEDFULNESS. n. f. [froom beedful.] Caution; vigilance; attention. HEEDILY. adv. Cautiously; vigilantly. Dia' *HEEDINESS. n. S. Caution; vigilance, Dia. HEEDLESS. adj. [from heed.] Negligent; inattentive; carelefs; thoughtless; regardlefs; unobferving: with of The beedless lover does not know Whofe eyes they are that wound him fo. Wall. Heedlefs of verfe, and hopeless of the crown, Scarce half a wit, and more than half a clown. Dryden. -Some ideas, which have more than once offer ed themselves to the fenfes, have yet been little taken notice of; the mind being either beedlefs, as in children, or otherwise employed, as in men. Locke Surptifes are often fatal to beedlefs unguarded innocence. Sherlock. HEEDLESSLY. adv. [from heedless.] Care lefsly; negligently; inattentively.-Whilft ye difcharge the duties of matrimony, ye heedlessly flide into fin. Arbuthnot and Popé. (1.) * HEEL. n. f. [bele, Saxon.] 1. The part of the foot that protuberates behind. If the lux ated bone be distorted backward, it lieth over the heel bone. Wifeman's Surgery. 2. The whole foot of animals., The stag recals his ftrength, his speed, His winged heels, and then his armed head; With these t'avoid, with that his fate to meet; But fear prevails, and bids hím truft his feet. Denham. Pegafus appeared hanging off the fide of a rock, with a fountain running from his heel. Addifon. 3. The feet, as employed in flight.-Nothing is com moner, in times of danger, than for men to leave their mafters to bears and tigers, and fhew them a fait pair of heels for't. L'Etrange. 2. To be at the HEELS To purfue clofely; to follow hard. Sir, when comes your book forth? Upon the heels of my prefentment. But is there no fequel at the heels of this Mother's admiration? Could we break our way Shak. Shak By force, and at our heels all hell should rife With blackeft infurrection to confound Heav'n's pureft light. Milton. Is at my heels, and chaces me in view. Otway. 1. To follow clofe as a dependant. Through proud London he came fighing on, After the admired heels of Bolingbroke. Shak. 8. To lay by the HEELS. To fetter; to hackle; to put in gyves. If the king blame me for't, I'll lay ye all By th' heels, and fuddenly; and on your heads Clap round fines for neglect. Shak. One half of man, his mind, Is fui juris, unconfin'd, And cannot be laid by the heels! Hudibras: I began to fmoke that they were a parcel of mummers: and wondered that none of the Middlesex justices took care to lay fome of them by the heels. Addifon. 9. Any thing fhaped like a heel-At the other fide is a kind of heel or knob, to break clots with. Mortimer's Hufbandry. 10. The back part of a stocking: whence the phrase to be out at heels, to be worn out. A good man's fortune may grow out at heels. Shak. (2.) HEEL. See ANATOMY, 160, 217, 218. (3.) HEEL, in the fea language. If a fhip leans on one fide, whether the be aground or afloat, then it is faid the heels a-ftarboad or a-port; or that the heels offwards, or to the fhore; that is, inclines more to one fide than to another. (4.) HEEL OF A HORSE, the lower hinder part of. of the foot comprehended between the quarters, and oppofite to the toe. The heel of a horfe fhould be high and large, and one fide of it fhould not rife higher than the other upon the pastern. See FARRIERY, Part V. (5.) HEEL OF A HORSEMAN. This being the part that is armed with the fpur, the word is ufed for the fpur itfelf; "This horfe understands the heel well." To ride a horfe from one heel to another, is to make him go fideways, fometimes to one heel and fometimes to another. (1.) * To HEEL. v. a. [from the noun.] arm a cock. * (2.) To HEEL. V. n. 1. To dance.1 cannot fing, To Nor heel the high lavolt, nor fweeten talk. Shak. 2. To lean on one fide; as, the fhip heels. *HEELER. n. f. [from beel.] A cock that ftrikes well with his heels. HEEL-PIECE. n. f. heel and piece.] A piece fixed on the hinder part of the shoe, to fupply what is worn away. TO HEEL-PIECE. v. a. heel and piece.] To put a piece of leather on a hoe-heel. Some blamed Mrs Bull for new heel-piecing her fhoes. Arb. HEEM, John David DE, an able painter, born at Utrecht in 1604. He excelled in painting flowers, fruit, vases, and inftruments of mufic, which he performed in fuch a perfect manner, that a per (2) HEGESIPPUS, author of an an account of the Deftruction of Jerufalem, ftill extant, flourished in the 3d century, pofterior to the reign of Conftantine the Great, His work was printed at Cologne, in 8vo, in 1559. (T.) HEGIRA... [Arabic.] A term in chronology, fignifying the epocha, or account of time, ufed by the Arabians and Turks, who begin their computation from the day that Mahomet was forced to make his efcape from the city of Mecca, which happened on Friday, July 16, A. D. 622, under the reign of the emperor Heraclius. Harris. epocha more creditable, the Mahometans affect to ule the word begira in a peculiar fenfe for an act of religion, whereby a man forfakes his country, and gives way to the violence of perfecutors and enemies of the faith; they add, that the Coraffites, being then the ftrongeft party in the city, obliged their prophet to fly, as not being able to endure his abolishing of idolatry. This flight was not the first of Mahomet's, but it was the most famous. It happened in the 14th year from his affuming the character of prophet and apostle, and promulgating his new religion. The orientals do not agree with us as to the time of the hegira. Among the Mahometans, fon was apt to attempt taking them in his hand. 630, and from the dear mafi fixes it to A. D: His colouring is agreeable, and the infects in his pictures appear alive. He died at Antwerp in 1674. Cornelius, his fon, was alfo a good painter, though inferior to his father. HEEMSKIRK. See HEMSKIRK. HEEMSTEDE, a town of Holland, in the dep. of Amftel, and late prov. of N. Holland, 3 miles S. of Haerlem." HEEREMBERG, a town of Holland, in the dep. of the Rhine, and late prov. of Guelderland: 15 miles SE. of Arnheim. HEERINGEN, a town of Upper Saxony, 6 miles SE. of Nordhaufen, and 32 N. of Erfurt. * HEFT. n. f. [from beave.] 1. Heaving; effort. May be in the cup A spider steep'd, and one may drink; depart, And yet partake no venom; for his knowledge Is not infected: but if one prefent Th' abhorrent ingredient to his eye, make known How he hath drunk, he cracks his gorge, his fides With violent befts. Shak. 2. [For haft.] Handle. His oily fide devours both blade and beft. Waller HEGAU, or HEGÓW, a district of Suabia, on the lake of Conftance. HEGENSDORF, a town of Germany, in Weftphalia, and bishopric of Paderborn, 2 miles SSE. of Buren. (1.) HEGESIPPUS, a learned Jew of the ad century, who embraced Chriftianity at Rome, A. D. 157. He was the first author of an ecclefiaftical history after the death of St Luke. His work extended from the birth of our Saviour to his own time. Some extracts from it are preferved by Eufebius. Mofes 2347; and Ben Caffem to A. M. 5804: according to the Greek computation among the Chriftians, Said Ebn Ba trik refers the hegira to A. D. 614, and A. M. 6113. Khöndemir relates, that it was Omar, the fecond caliph, that firft éftablished the hegira as an epocha, and appointed the years to be numbered from it: at the time he made this decree, there were already seven years elapfed. This ef tablishment was made in imitation of the Chriftians, who, in thofe times, reckoned their years from the perfecution of Dioclefian. But there is another hegira, and that earlier too, though of lefs eminence. Mahomet, in the 14th year of his miffion, was obliged to relinquish Medina: the Corafhites had all along oppofed him very vigoroufly, as an innovator and disturber of the public peace; and many of his difciples, not enduring to be reputed followers of an impoftor, defired leave of him to abandon the city, for fear of being obliged to renounce their religion. This retreat makes the firft hegira. These two hegiras the Mahometans, in their language, call begiratan. The years of the hegira confist only of 354 days. To reduce thefe years to the Julian kalendar, i. e. to find what Julian year a given year of the begira answers to, reduce the year of the hegira given into days, by multiplying by 354, divide the product by 365, and from the quotient fubtract the intercalations, i. e. as many days as there are four years in the quotient; and laftly, to the remainder add 622. See YEAR. N° 7. HEIBACH, a town of Franconia, on the Maine, 12 miles W. of Wertheim. HEICET, HICETE, or EICETE, heretics of the 7th century, who made profeffion of the monaftic life. From that paffage in Exodus, where Mofes and the children of Ifrael are faid to have Lung |