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HACHENBURG, a town of Germany, in Weftphalia and county of Sayn, 17 miles NE. of Coblentz.

HACHILAH, a hill in the SE. part of Judea, S. of Jefhimon, about 10 miles S. of Jericho. It was one of David's retreats from Saul: and Jonathan, the Maccabee, built the strong caftle of Maffada upon it.

HACHOWKA, a town of Poland, in Vol

bynia.

HACHUT, or HAHET, a town of Hungary. (1.)* To HACK, v. a. [baccan, Saxon; backen, Dutch; bacher, Fr. from acafe, an axe, Saxon.] 1. To cut into fmall pieces; to chop; to cut flightly with frequent blows; to mangle with unfkilful blows. It bears commonly fome notion of contempt or malignity. He put on that armour, whereof there was no one piece wanting, though backed in fome places, bewraying fome fight not long fince paffed, Sidney. What a flave art thou, to back thy fword as thou haft done, and say it was in fight! Shakespeare's Henry IV.

Richard the Second here was back'd to death.

Shakespeare. I'll fight 'till from my bones my flesh be backt. Shakespeare.

One flourishing branch of this most royal root Is backt down, and his fummer leaves all faded, By envy's hand, and murder's bloody axe. Shak. Burn me, hack me, hew me into pieces. Dryd. 2 Not the back'd helmet, nor the dufty field, But purple vefts and flow'ry garlands please. Addifon. But fate with butchers plac'd thy priestly fall, Meek modern faith to murder, back and mawl. Pope. 2. To speak unreadily, or with hefitation.-Difarm them, and let them question; let them keep their limbs whole, and back our English. Shakefp. · (2.) * TO HACK. v. n. To hackney; to turn hackney or prostitute.

HACKANBO, a town of Sweden, in Upland. · HACKEMBERG, a mountain of Switzerland, in the canton of Glaris, 6 miles N. of Schweitz. HACKERY, #. f. a small covered carriage much ufed by the natives in Calcutta, chiefly by the ladies. It has two wheels and is drawn by bullocks. HACKET, John, Bp. of Litchfield and Coventry, was born in 1592. In 1623, he was made chaplain to James I. prebendary of Lincoln, and obtained feveral other promotions, but loft them during the troubles, about 1645. He then lived retired at Cheam until the Restoration, when he recovered his preferments. In 1661 Charles II. made him Bp. of Litchfield and Coventry. Finding the cathedral almost battered to the ground, he in 8 years finished a complete church fuperior to the former, chiefly at his own expenfe of 20,000!. He alfo laid out roool. on a prebendal house. He died in 1670. He published, before he entered into orders, a comedy entitled Loyola, which was twice acted before king James I. Af. ter his death was published A Century of his fermons on several remarkable subjects, and The life of Abp. Williams, both in folio.

HACKETSTOWN, a town of New Jersey, 120 miles NE. of Philadelphia. Lon. o. 18. E, of that city. Lat. 40. 32. N. 106C

(1.) HACKINSAC, a river of New Jersey, which runs into the Atlantic, 6 miles N. of Staten Inland. (2.) HACKINSAC, a town of New Jersey, on the above river, 6 miles NNE. of Philadelphia. * HACKLE. n. f. Raw filk; any flimfy fub ftance unfpun.-Take the backle of a cock or capon's neck, or a plover's top take off one fide of the feather, and then take the backle filk, gold or filver thread, and make thefe fast at the bent of the hook. Walton's Angler.

*To HACKLE. v. a. [from back.] To dress flax. (r.)* HACKNEY, n. f. [bacnai, Welsh; backeneye, Teuton. baquenee, Fr. 1. A pacing horfe: 2. A hired horfe; hired horfes being usually taught to pace, or recommended as good pacers.-Light and lewd perfons were as eafily fuborned to make an affidavit for money, as post-horses and backney's are taken to hire. Bacon.

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That is no more than every lover Does from his hackney lady fuffer. Hudibras. Shall each fpur-galled backney of the day, Or each new penfion'd fycophant, pretend To break my windows?

4. Any thing let out for hire.→

Pope.

A wit can ftudy in the streets: Not quite fo well, however, as one ought; A backney coach may chance to spoil a thought.

Pope. 5. Much ufed: common t.-Thefe notions young ftudents in phyfick derive from their hackney authors. Harvey.

(2.) HACKNEY, a parish of Middlesex, on the NE. fide of London, containing 12 hamlets. At the bottom of Hackney Marth, there have been difcovered the remains of a great stone causeway, which, by the Roman coins, &c. found there, was no doubt one of the highways made by the Ro mans.

(3.) HACKNEY, a rich and populous village in the above parish, (N° 2.) nearly joined to London on the NNE. The church was founded in the reign of Edward II. The number of houfes is near 800. It has r licensed chapel, 3 diffenting meeting houfes, a free fchool, a charity school, and 17 almfhouses. From this place it is faid the HACKNEY COACHES ( 4.) first received that name, (though Dr Johnson gives a different derivation; fee 1.) for in the 17th century, many people having gone to fee their friends at Hackney, it occafioned them often to hire horses or carria ges, so that in time it became a common name for fuch horfes, coaches, and chairs, as were let to the people of London.

(4.) HACKNEY COACHES, Coaches exposed to hire in the freets of London, and other great ci

ties,

Of this laft definition, Dr Johnsen ought to have formed a separate article. HACKNEY, in this fenfe, is an adjective, as is evident from the citation from HARVEY, as well as from that above quoted from ResCOMMON, and the fecond quotation from HUDIBRAS,

HADAU, a town and caftle of Bavaria. HADDAM, a town of Connecticut, in Middlefex county, 12 miles S. of Middleton..>

(1.) HADDINGTON, a parish of Scotland, in E. Lothian, 6 miles fquare, containing about 12,000 acres of ground, all arable, except a few hundred acres of hilly ground, and fome woodlands. It is divided into 30 farms, of various foils, all inclosed and in high cultivation, except a few fields near the town (N° 2.) The air is temperate and falubrious. The population in 1792, stated by the Rev. Dr George Barclay of Middleton, in his report to Sir J. Sinclair, was 3915, and had decreased 60 fince 1755.

ties, at rates fixed by authority. See COACH, $5. Thefe firft began to ply in London, in 1625, when they were only 20 in number; but in 1635 they were so much increased, that king Charles I. iffued out an order of council to restrain them. In 1637, he allowed 50 hackney coachmen, each of whom might keep 12 horfes. In 1652, their number was limited to 200; and in 1654, it was extended to 300. In 1661, 400 were licensed, at gl. each annually. In 1694, 700 were allowed, and taxed by the 5 and 6 of W. & M. at 41. ayear each. By 9 Anne c. 23. 800 coaches were allowed in London and Weftininfter; but by 8 Geo. III. cap. 24. the number is increased to 1000, which are licensed by commiffioners, and pay a duty of s. per week. They have been more lately increased to 11 or 1200. On Sundays there were formerly only 175 hackney coaches allowed to ply; but their number is now unlimited. The fare of hackney coachmen in London, or within ten miles of it, is 12s. 6d. per day. By the hour it is 18. 6d. for the firft, and is. for every hour after; and is. for any distance not exceeding a mile and a half; or 1s. 6d. two miles. Hackney coachmen refusing to go at, or exacting more than, their limited hire, are subject to a forfeit of from Ios. to 31. which the commiffioners have power to determine. Every hackney coach must have check ftrings, and every coachman plying with out them incurs a penalty of 5s. The drivers muft give way to perfons of quality and gentlemen's coaches, under the penalty of 51. The duty arifing from licences to hackney coaches and chairs in London, forms a branch of the king's extraordinary and perpetual REVENUE, governed by commiffioners, and is a public benefit; as the expense of it is not felt, and its regulations have eftablished a competent jurifdiction, whereby a very refractory race of men are kept in order. (5) HACKNEY MARSH. See No. 2. To HACKNEY. v. a. [from the noun.] To practife in one thing; to accuftom, as to the road, He is long backney'd in the ways of men. Shakespeare. HACQUETON. n. J. [bacquet, old French, a little horie.] Some piece of armour You may fee the very fashion of the Irish horfeman in his long hofe, riding fhoes of coftly cordwain, his bacqueton, and his habergeon. Spenfer

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HACQUEVILLE, a town of France, in the dep. of Eure, 3 miles W. of Gifors. HACZAG, or a town and territory of TranHACZEG, fylvania, 30 m. S. of Hunyad. HAD. The preterite and part. paff. of have. 1 bad better, you had better, &c. means the fame as, it would be better for me or you; or, it would be more eligible: it is always used potentially, not indicatively; nor is have ever used to that import, We fay likewife, it had been better or worse.I bad rather be a country fervant maid, Than a great queen with this condition. Shak. Had we not better leave this Utica, To arm Numidia in our caufe? Add. Cato. HADAGIA, a town of Fez, 70 m. S. of Melila. HADAMAR, a town of Germany, the capital of Naffau-Hadamar, 15 m. SW. of Dillenburg; taken by the French under Kleber, 4th June, 1796. VOL. XI. PART I.

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(2.) HADDINGTON, an ancient borough in the above parish, (N° 1.) which joins with Jedburgh, Dunbar, Lauder, and N. Berwick, in fending a member to parliament. It confifts of 4 streets, which interfect each other nearly at right angles. It is governed by a provost, 3 bailies, dean of guild, treasurer, 12 councillors, and 7 deacons. Its revenue is about 400l. a-year. It was the birthplace of J. Knox, our juftiy celebrated reformer. Before the reformation, it had an abbey, now in ruins, founded in 1178, by Ada, mother of K. Malcolm IV. and William I. It has a manufacture of coarse woollens, 2 fairs, and a weekly market, the greatest in Scotland for grain. It has fuffered often both by fire and water. On Oct. 4, 1775, the Tyne rofe 17 feet, and overflowed half the town. It is 17 miles E. of Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 25. W. Lat. 55. 50. N. (3.) HADDINGTON, or See LOTHIAN, EAST. HADDINGTON-SHIRE. HADDO, a town of Scotland, in Aberdeenfhire, 9 miles NNE. of Inverury.

*

(1.) HADDOCK. n. f. [badot, Fr.] 'A fea fish of the cod kind, but fmall.-The coaft is plenti. fully ftored with pilchards, herrings, and baddocks. Carew.

(2.) HADDOCK. See GADUS, N° 3.

HADDON, Dr Walter, a great reftorer of the learned languages in England, was born in 1516. He diftinguished himself by writing Latin in a fine ftyle, which he acquired by a conftant study of Cicero. He was a ftrenuous promoter of the reformation under Edward VI. and fucceeded Bp. Gardiner in the mastership of Trinity-hall, Cambridge. He concealed himself in Mary's reign; but acquired the favour of Q. Elizabeth, who fent him one of the 3 agents to Bruges in 1566, to reftore commerce between England and the Netherlands. He was alfo engaged with Sir John Cheke in drawing up in Latin that useful code of ecclefiaftical law, published in 1571 by the learned John Fox, under the title of Reformatio legum ecclefiafticarum; his other works are published under the title of Lucubrations. He died in 1572.

HADELAND, a town of Norway.

HADELN, a fertile territory of Germany, about 8 miles fquare, belonging to his majefty as elector of Hanover, near the Elbe and the duchy of Bremen. Its revenue is 10,000 rixdollars. HADEMASH, a town of Holstein. HADEQUIS, a town of Morocco. HADERSLEBEN, a fea-port town of Denmark, in Sleswick, with a strong citadel, built

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HADHRAMUT. See HADRAMAUT. HADLEIGH, a village in Effex, with an ancient ruinous caftle, near Prittlewell, on the Thames.

(1.) HADLEY, a town of Suffolk, feated on the Prefton. It has about 600 houses, with a handfome church, a chapel of ease, and a Prefbyterian meeting-house. Large quantities of yarn are spun for the Norwich manufacture. On the top of the fteeple, which affords a fine view of Effex, there is an iron pitch-pot, originally placed there as a beacon. Lon. 1. 6. E. Lat. 52. 7. N.

(2.) HADLEY, a town of Massachusetts, in Hampfhire county, 97 miles W. of Boston.

HADLEY'S QUADRANT. See QUADRANT, N° 8. HADMERSLEBEN, a town of Magdeburg.. (1.) HADRAMAUT, a fertile province of Arabia Felix, bounded on the W. by Yemen, N. by the Defert, NE. by Oman, and SE. by the fea; containing feveral iarge towns and fea ports,

(2.) HADRAMAUT, the capital of the above province, 150 miles W. of Careffen. Lon. 45. 30. E. Lat. 15. o. N.

HADRANITÆENI. See ADRANITÆ.
HADRANUM. See ADRANUM.
HADRIAN. See ADRIAN.

HADRO, a town of Turkey, in Curdistan.
HADSJAR, See LACHSA.

HÆBUDÆ. See HEBRIDES, N° I. and WES-
TERN I LES, No 5-8.

HÆGALOS, a woody hill near Athens. HÆMAGOGOS, among physicians, a compound medicine, confisting of fetid and aromatic fimples, mixed with black hellebore, and prefcribed in order to promote the menftrua and hæmorrhoidal fluxes; as alfo to bring away the lochia.

HÆMANTHUS, the BLOOD-FLOWER: A genus of the monogynia order, in the hexandria clafs of plants; and ranking under the 9th natural order, Spathacea. The involucrum is hexaphyllous and multiflorous; the corolla fexpartite fuperior; the berry trilocular. There are 4 species.

1. HEMANTHUS CARINATUS, with keel-shaped leaves, has a taller ftalk and paler flowers than the COCCINEUS, (N° 2.) its leaves are not flat, but hollowed like the keel of a boat.

2. HEMANTHUS COCCINEUS, with plain tonguefhaped leaves, rifes about a foot high, with a ftalk fupporting a clufter of bright red tubulous flowers. It has a large bulbous root, from which in autumn come out two broad flat leaves of a flefly confiftence, fhaped like a tongue, which turn backward on each fide, and spread on the ground, fo that they have a ftrange appearance all the winter. In the fpring thefe decay; fo that from May to the beginning of Auguft they are def titute of leaves. The flowers are produced in the autumn, juft before the leaves come out.

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fhaped waved leaves, grows about a foot high,
and hath flowers of a yellowifh red colour. Thefe
are fucceeded by berries, which are of a beautiful
red colour 'when ripe. This fpecies fhould be
conftantly kept in a dry ftove.-All these plants
are natives of the Cape of Good Hope, and do not
propagate very faft in Europe, their roots feldom
putting forth many off-fets. The beft method of
managing them is to have a bed of good earth in
a bricked pit, where they may be covered with
glaffes, and in hard froft with mats and straw.
The earth in the frame should be two feet deep,
and the frame fhould rife two feet above the fur-
face, to allow height for the flower-stems to grow.
The roots should be planted 9 or 10 inches afun-
der; and in winter, if they are protected from
froft, and not fuffered to have too much wet, but
in mild weather exposed to the air, they will
flower every year, and the flowers will be much
ftronger than with any other management.
HÆMAPTYSIS, or HÆMOPTYSIS.
DICINE, 251, 692-701.

See ME.

HÆMATYTES, the BLOOD-STONE, a hard mi. neral substance, red, black, or purple, but the powder of which is always red. It is found in maffes, fpherical, femi-spherical, pyramidal, or cellular, i. e. like a honeycomb It contains a large quantity of iron: 40lb. of this metal have been extracted from a quintal of ftone; but the iron is of fuch a bad quality, that this ore is not commonly smelted. The great hardness of hæmatites renders it fit for burnishing metals.

HÆMATOPUS, the S&A PYE, in ornithology, a genus belonging to the order of gralla. The beak is compreffed, with an equal wedge-shaped point; the noftrils are linear; and the feet have three toes without nails. There is but one species, viz. the

HÆMATOPUS OSTRALEGUS, or OYSTERCATCHER, a native of Europe and America. See Plate CLXXII, fig. 1. It feeds upon fhell-fish near the fea-fhore, particularly oyfters and limpets. On obferving an oyfter which gapes wide enough for the infertion of its bill, it thrufts it in, and takes out the inhabitant: it will alfo force the limpets from their adhesion to the rocks with fufficient eafe. It alfo feeds on marine infects and worms. With us thefe birds are often feen in confiderable flocks in winter: in fummer they are met with only in pairs, though chiefly near the fea or falt rivers. The females lay 4 or 5 eggs, on the bare ground, on the fhore, above high-water mark: they are of a greenish grey, blotched with black. The young are faid to be hatched in about 3 weeks. Thefe birds are pretty wild when in flocks; yet are easily tamed, if taken young.

HÆMATOXYLON, or LOGWOOD, or CamHÆMATOXYLUM Speachy Wood; a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the decandria clafs of plants, and in the natural method ranking under the 33d order, Lomentacea. The calyx is quinquepartite; the petals five; the capfule lanceolated, unilocular, and bivalved; the valves navicular, or keeled like a boat. Of this genus there is only one species, viz.

HEMATOXYLUM CAMPECHIANUM. It grows naturally in the bay of Campeachy at Honduras, 3. HAMANTHUS PUNICEUS, with large fpear- and other parts of the Spanish Weft Indies, where

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