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preffions doubting the authenticity of the cafes related by the Doctor, which were neither neceffary, nor, as far as we could know, warranted.

ART. 26. A Reply to Mr. Edlin's two Cafes of Gout, faid to have ter minated in Death in confequence of the external Use of Ice and Cold Water. To which is added, an Infiance of the fatal Effects of encouraged Gout, with Obfervations and Cautions. By Robert Kinglake, M. D. Phyfician at Taunton. 8vo. 61 pp. 2s. 6d. Murray. 1804.

In concluding our examination of Mr. Edlin's cafes, we faid he had made ufe of fome expreffions, impeaching the veracity of Dr. Kinglake, in which he did not appear to be warranted. The queftion whether the application of cold water to the limbs of perfons afflicted with gout is fafe and falutary, or not, is of too much importance to the community, to be allowed to be frittered away, and buried in the fquabbles of two individuals. We are concerned therefore to find Dr. Kinglake more folicitous to depreciate the credit of Mr. Edlin, than to account for the dreadful fymptoms confequent on the application of cold water to the feet and knees of Mr. Baker. He feems to think it a fair argument, that as Edlin had fufpected him of fabricating cafes in fupport of his hypothefes, he might, in return, suspect Edlin of fabricating this cafe, or very much distorting it, to cry down his doctrine. But fo much of the cafe as relates to Mr. Baker's ufing cold applications, becoming a few hours after fo ill as to alarm his family, and dying of that illness, ftands uncontradicted; and if Dr. Kinglake did not think this was in confequence of the gout being repelled from the extremities to the vital organs, it was incumbent on him to have affigned fome other caufe. This he has not attempted. He feems indeed to think that the symptoms were aggravated, and rendered fatal, by the means made ufe of to relieve them. "It appears to me, (he fays, P. 27) through the mifts of Mr. Edlin's partial ftatement, that the difaftrous course of this cafe did not arife from any irremediable grievance of the heart, and ftomach, but that it was rather induced by the ftimulant treatment to which the patient was fubjected," &c." The appropriate treatment," he goes on to fay, p. 28, "would have been a well ventilated room, fponging the burning fkin with cold water, at fhort intervals, and copious dilution with cool aqueous liquids. Bran dy, and the whole tribe of igneous ftimulants, fhould have been withheld, and the patient might poffibly have recovered, while, under the circumftances of his mitmanagement, it is almoft inconceivable that the termination could have been different from what happened." Ad. mitting the treatment here recommended to be more judicious than that reforted to in this cafe, it ftill follows, that the application of ice and water to the limbs of perfons affected with gout, is not unattended with danger, and, in fome conftitutions, inftead of proving a remedy, may occafion the death of the patient. That it may however be used in fome conftitutions, with fafety and advantage, we have the highest authority for afferting. Dr. Heberden tells us in his Commentaries, he had been informed by fome of the relations of the great Dr. Harvey, that upon the first approach of gouty pains in his foot, he would in

ftantly

ftantly put them off, by plunging his leg into a pail of cold water; and the writer of this article is acquainted with a gentleman who has followed that practice feveral years with advantage.

The pamphlet concludes with "a cafe of the fatal effects of encouraged gout," but without the name of the patient, apothecary, or of another phyfician, who was called in at the conclufion of it; but with what kind of fpirit it is written, the following fhort quotation will fhow. "If," he says, p. 41, "the repulfive and expulfive ideas of Mr. Edlin, and his volcanic party, had directed the treatment of this cafe, death would have been accelerated by adding fuel to fire, in the grofsly delufive hope of rejecting the whole burning evil on the extremities." Then follow further philippics on Mr. Edlin, Dr. Blegborough, and three or four anonymous writers, who have ventured to diffent from the author's opinion of the infallibility of his doctrine. Surely a good caufe muft be injured, not ftrengthened by fuch auxil

iaries.

DIVINITY.

ART. 27.
A Sermon preached in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul,
London, on Thursday, May 31, 1804. Being the Time of the yearly
Meeting of the Children educated in the Charity-Schools in and about
the Cities of London and Westminster. By the Right Reverend George,
Lord Bishop of Lincoln. Published at the Request of the Society for pro-
moting Chriflian Knowledge, and the Trufices of the feveral Schools.
To which is annexed, an Account of the Society for promoting Chriftian
Knowledge. 4to. 200 pp. Rivingtons. 1804.

Though the occafion of this difcourfe confined the preacher chiefly to the general topic of religious education, yet the following fummary view of the fundamental principles of Chriftianity is fo very ably drawn up, and fo ufeful in its kind, that we confider it as a duty to give it more extenfive circulation, by tranfcribing it in this place.

"It is equally easy to all ranks and conditions of men to comprehend that God made our first parents upright and happy-that by right of his fovereign power as their Creator he impofed upon them one command, as the teft of their obedience and the mark of their dependence that they violated this command, and thereby incurred the difpleafure of God-that in confequence of this difobedience they were deprived of the happinefs they had hitherto enjoyed, and be came fubject to toil, pain, fin, mifery, and death-that they tranfmitted their nature thus changed, depraved, and corrupted to their pofterity—that the whole human race by partaking of this finful nature, and by the actual commiffion of fin, were the objects of God's wrath and liable to punishment-that it pleafed God at the moment he paffed judgement upon our first parents to remember mercy, and to promife, in obfcure terms, a future Redeemer of mankind-that he renewed this promife repeatedly, and gradually gave clearer intimations of his gracious defign-that as a preparatory step he selected from the nations of the earth a peculiar people, to whom he prescribed rules of religious worship, and laws for their civil government-that

by

by the mouth of his Prophets, whom he raifed up from time to time among his chofen people, he declared the perfonal dignity of the Savior of the world; pointed out the family from which he fhould be defcended; foretold the place where he fhould be born; the time of his appearance; the circumftances of his birth; the nature of the inftructions he fhould deliver, and of the miracles he should perform; the reception he should meet with during his miniftry; the infults and fufferings he fhould endure; his refurrection from the dead; his afcenfion into heaven, and the future progrefs of his Religion, that all thefe predicted circumstances took place in Jefus Chrift and in Him alone that confequently he was the promised Redeemer of mankind -that the Religion which he taught must be true-that his doctrines ought to be believed that his precepts ought to be obeyed-that the terms of falvation which he propofed must be accepted, or the punishment which he denounced mult be undergone. These are the great and leading truths of the merciful fcheme of Redemption through Jefus Chrift, and when stated in their native fimplicity they require no depth of thought to comprehend them, no length of labor to inveftigate them. Would to God it were as eafy to make men practife the duties of Chriftianity, which conftitute that degree of holiness without which no man fhall fee God, as it is to make them believe thofe articles of faith which are neceflary for eternal falvation." P. 14.

It cannot be neceffary to add any further commendations of a difcourfe which contains this paffage.

ART. 28. Peculiar Privileges of the Chriftian Miniftry confidered in a Charge delivered to the Clergy of the Diocese of St. David's, at the primary Vifitation of that Diocefe in the Year 1804. By Thomas, Lord Bishop of St. David's. 4to. 36 pp. 18. 6d. Durham printed: fold by Rivingtons, &c. 1805.

The Bishop, obfe:ving that the duties of the clerical profeffion have been detailed by his predeceffor (Dr. George Bull) and others, undertakes to ftate the advantages of it. The points on which he chiefly dwells, for this purpofe, are the opportunities it offers of fecuring happiness here and hereafter, by means of a retired, fludious, peaceful, religious, useful life. In treating of thefe five principal fubjects, the learned prelate extends fome of them into feveral fubdivifions, and illuftrates them by many cogent arguments. Under the head of the ufefulness of the Chriftian miniftry, he fpeaks of the illuftration of the fcriptures in their original languages, and on that paffage has this important note:

dent

We have the authority of one of the most learned men of any age or country for faying, that " Non aliunde diffidia in religione depenquam ab ignoratione grammatica." (Scaligerana, p. 86. ed. Tan. Fabri.) We may exemplify this remark of Scaliger by fome important paffages in the New Teftament relative to the Divinity of Chrift, about which there can be no doubt, if the conftruction of the Greek language is to be determined by its own idioms. Take one paffage inftar

omnium.

omnium. St. Paul fays, Προσδεχομενοι την μακαρίαν ελπίδα και επιφάνειαν της δόξης του μεγάλου Θεού και σωτηρος ήμων, Ιησου Χριστού. (Tit. i. 13.) Our common verfion tranflates this paffage thus: " Looking for that bleffed hope of the glorious appearing of the great God, and our Saviour Jefus Chrift." The MS. correction in the margin of Hugh Broughton's verfion, quoted by Mr. Sharp, tranflates it lefs ambigooufly:"The glorious appearing of our great God and Saviour, Jefus Chrift." We have in the language of this verfion St. Paul's moft exprefs declaration of the divinity of Jefus Chrift. And fo Hammond tranflates it in his margin, and Whitby confirms this fenfe in his note on the paffage. And fo, too, Whitby affirms that all the ancient Greek Fathers understood it. What Whitby fays in few words, yet not without reference to the works of fome of the most ancient and learned of the Fathers, Mr. Wordfworth has fhewn at large in his Six Letters addressed to Mr. Sharp, by fo full and fatisfactory a statement and citation of all the ancient Fathers, that, if authority had its due weight, there would be no difference of opinion about the paffage in queftion. But to the argument from authority we may add the jus et norma loquendi of the Greek language. Beza affirms that the idiomatical conftruction of the words requires the fense which is given to the paffage in the old verfion before quoted, and by the ancient Greek Fathers. Whitby and others of a later date affert the fame. Mr. Sharp, in his Remarks on the uses of the definitive article in the Greek text of the New Teftament, has confirmed this argument from idiom by a minute examination of fimilar forms of expreffion in the New Teftament. He has laid open the principle of Beza's obfervation; and has fhewn that the paffage of St. Paul will bear no other interpretation confiftently with the uniform ufage of the Greek language of the New Teftament, than that which declares Chrift to be our GREAT GOD AND SAVIOUR.” P. 18.

The fame note proceeds with fome-remarks of great force and juftice on the Six More Letters" addreffed to Mr. Sharp, by a pretended Mr. Blunt. To thefe remarks we shall have occafion to refer when we fpeak of those letters.

The Charge concludes with the recommendation of a Society for promoting Chriftian Knowledge, Chriftian Unity, and Church Fellowfhip, within that diocefe; the plan and proceedings of which are detailed in the Appendix. Like other works of the fame author, this Charge deferves the commendation of every friend to religion.

ART. 29. Sermons on public Occafions, and a Letter on theclogical Studies. By Robert, late Archbishop of York. To which are prefixed, Memoirs of bis Life. By George Hay Drummond, A.M. Prebendary of York. 8vo. 218 pages. Edinburgh printed. Longman and Co. London. 1803.

As the Sermons in this volume are merely a republication of those which the author published during his life, we have paid lefs attention to them than otherwife we fhould have done. They are only fix in number: 1. a Sermon preached before the Houfe of Commons, Jan. 30, 1748; 11. before the Lords, April 25, 1749, on the thankf

giving for peace; III. on the meeting of the charity-schools, April 26, 1753, then held at Chrift-Church, London; IV. before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Feb. 15, 1754; v. before the Houfe of Lords, on a general faft,. Feb. 16, 1759; VI. on the coronation of their prefent Majefties, Sept. 22, 1761. Of these, the first was preached before the advancement of the author to the bench; the four next, while he was bishop of St. Afaph; the laft, while he was bishop of Salisbury. The most remarkable of them is undoubtedly the laft, on account of the illuftrious occafion of its delivery, and the propriety with which it treats that arduous topic; but the rest are alfo worthy of being thus preferved. Subjoined to thefe is a letter on theological ftudy, which, though flight, contains fome ufeful inftructions. We do not, however, perceive any paffage which can with propriety be copied from it.

Archbishop Drummond was the fecond fon of George Henry, feventh Earl of Kinnoul. He was born in November, 1711, educated at Weltminfter and Chrift Church, attended the King on the Continent in 1743, and preached the thanksgiving fermon for the battle of Dettingen, before his Majefty at Hanover. We regret that this difcourfe is not in the prefent collection. In 1748, he was promoted to the fee of St. Afaph; in 1761, was tranflated to Salisbury, and in the fame year to the archiepifcopal fee of York. He died Dec. 10, 1776. The account of his life is written by his youngest fon, with refpectful and just attachment to his memory, and without any tincture of affectation. We are told (p. xxviii) that he left many excellent fermons and charges in manufcript, but expressed an unwillingness to have them published, which accounts for the confined limits of this volume.

ART. 30. Simplicity recommended to Minifters of the Gospel, with reSpect to their Doctrine, Method, Style, and Delivery in Preaching; with Hints on other Branches of the Minifterial Office. Second Edi tion enlarged. With an Appendix. 12mo. 156 pp. 2s. 6d. Williams and Smith. 1805.

It would be lamentable indeed, if we could not freely and cordially commend a diffenter for what is good in his writings. The prefent author declares himself a diffenter, and it appears in fome few pasfages, and only a very few, in his book. Much that he writes is not only good, but excellent; and the plain and pious fimplicity which he recommends is generally exemplified in his own writing. Who can speak more fenfibly on any subject, than he does on the following very momentous point?

"In difcuffing myfterious and difficult points, do not attempt impoffibilities; I mean, attempt not to explain things which God has not revealed, or which furpafs human capacity.-Many truths to which we cannot refuse our affent, are yet attended with difficulties we shall not, perhaps, be able to remove on this fide heaven. The best way is to believe the fimple propofitions we are taught by fcripture and common fenfe, and leave the reft on the credit of that promise, "What thou knoweft not now thou shalt know hereafter."

"To explain myself, by an example in the article of the origin of

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