towards the sea, but with very high mountains to the left or eastward: we should have seen more of them if it had not been for the clouds, which are still dark and black to the southward. These are the first mountains that I have seen since I last saw our own: between Westmoreland and the Pyrenees there are none. The near country is still the same, but less of the pine forest.

St. Jean de Luz, July 11, 1841.

4. It is this very day year that we were at Mola di Gaeta together, and I do not suppose it possible to conceive a greater contrast than Mola di Gaeta on the 11th of July, 1840, and S. Jean de Luz on the 11th of July, 1841. The lake-like calm of that sea, and the howling fury of this ocean, - the trees few and meagre, shivering from the blasts of the Atlantic, and the umbrageous bed of oranges, peaches, and pomegranates, which there delighted in the freshness of that gentle water; the clear sky and bright moon, and the dark mass of clouds and drizzle, the remains of Roman palaces and the fabled scene of Homer's poetry, and a petty French fishing town, with its coasting Chasse Marées: these are some of the points of the contrast. Yet those vile Italians are the refuse of the Roman slaves, crossed by a thousand conquests; and these Basques are the very primeval Iberians, who were the most warlike of the nations of the West, before the Kelts had ever come near the shores of the Mediterranean. And the little pier, which I have been just looking at, was the spot where Sir Charles Penrose found the Duke of Wellington alone at the dead of night, when, anxious about the weather for the passage of the Adour, he wished to observe its earliest signs before other men had left their beds.

July 12, 1841.

5. SPAIN. Just out of Irun, sitting on a stone by the roadside. We have left our carriage in France, and walked over the Bidassoa to Irun, which is about a mile and a half from the bridge. We went through the town, and out of it to some high ground, where we had the whole panorama. The views on every side are magnificent. There is the mouth of the Bidassoa, Fontarabia on one side and Audaye on the other, and the sea blue now, like the Mediterranean. Then on the other side are the mountains: San Marcial on its rocky summit, and the adjoining mountains with their sides perfectly green, deep-wooded combes, fern and turf on the slopes,

mingled, as in our own mountains, with crags and cliffs. And just now I saw a silver stream falling down in a deep-wooded ghyll to complete the likeness. Around me are the crops of maize, and here too are houses scattered over the country, but less neat-looking and fewer than in France. For the town itself, I shall speak of it hereafter.

Biobi. We are just returned from Spain, and are again seated in our carriage to return to Bayonne. Now what have I seen in Spain worth notice? The very instant that we crossed the Bidassoa, the road, which in France is nerfect, became utterly bad, and the street of Irun itself was intolerable. The town, in its style of building, resembled the worst towns of Central Italy; the galleries on the outside of the houses, the overhanging roofs, and the absence of glass. It strikes me that if this same style prevails both in Spain and Italy, where modern improvement has not reached, it must be of very great antiquity; derived, perhaps, from the time when both countries were united under a common Government, the Roman; unless it is to be traced to the Spanish ascendency in Italy, which indeed it may be. Behind Irun, towards the interior, are two sugar-loaf mountains very remarkable. The hill-sides are all covered with dwarf oaks, not ilex, which look, at a distance, like the apple-trees of Picardy, with just that round cabbage-like head.

Near Agen, July 14.

6. For some time past the road has been a terrace above the lower bank of the Garonne, which is flowing in great breadth and majesty below us.

From these heights, in clear weather, you can see the Pyrenees, but now the clouds hang darkly over them. One thing I should have noticed of Agen, that it is the birthplace of Joseph Scaliger, in some respects the Niebuhr of the seventeenth century, but rather the Bentley; morally far below Niebuhr; and though, like Bentley, almost rivalling him in acuteness, and approaching somewhat to him in knowledge, yet altogether without his wisdom.

Auch, July 14, 1841.

7. At supper we were reading a Paris paper, Le Siècle; but the one thing which struck me, and rejoiced my very heart, was an advertisement in it of a most conspicuous kind, and in very large letters of LA SAINTE BIBLE, announcing an edition, in numbers, of De Sacy's French translation of it. I can conceive nothing but good from such a thing. May God

prosper it to His glory, and the salvation of souls; it was a joyful and a blessed sight to see it.

Bourges, July 14.

8. We found the afternoon service going on at the Cathedral; and the Archbishop, with his priests and the choristers, were going round the church in procession, chanting some of their hymns, and with a great multitude of people following them. The effect was very fine, and I again lamented our neglect of our cathedrals, and the absurd confusion in so many men's minds between what is really Popery, and what is but wisdom and beauty, adopted by the Roman Catholics and neglected by us.

Paris, July 20, 1841.

9. I have been observing the people in the streets very carefully, and their general expression is not agreeable, that of the young men especially. The newspapers seem all gone mad together, and these disturbances at Toulouse are very sad and unsatisfactory. If that advertisement which I saw about La Sainte Bible be found to answer, that would be the great specific for France. And what are our prospects at home with the Tory Government? and how long will it be before Chartism again forces itself upon our notice? So where is the hope, humanly speaking, of things bettering, or are the λοιμοί and λιμοί, and πόλεμοι and ἀκοάι πολέμων, ready to herald a new advent of the Lord to judgment? The questions concerning our state appear to me so perplexing, that I cannot even in theory see their solution. We have not and cannot yet solve the problem, how the happiness of mankind is reconcilable with the necessity of painful labor. The happiness of a part can be secured easily enough, their ease being provided for by others' labor; but how can the happiness of the generality be secured, who must labor of necessity painfully? How can he who labors hard for his daily bread- hardly, and with doubtful success be made wise and good, and therefore how can he be made happy? This question undoubtedly the Church was meant to solve; for Christ's Kingdom was to undo the evil of Adam's sins; but the Church has not solved it, nor attempted to do so; and no one else has gone about it rightly. This is the great bar to education. How can a poor man find time to be educated? You may establish schools, but he will not have time to attend them, for a few years of early boyhood are no more enough to give ed. ucation, than the spring months can do the summer's work

when the summer is all cold and rainy. But I must go to bed, and try to get home to you and to work, for there is great need of working. God bless you, my dearest wife, with all our darlings.

Boulogne, July 23, 1841.

10. Our tour is ended, and I grieve to say that it has left on my mind a more unfavorable impression of France than I have been wont to feel. I do not doubt the great mass of good which must exist, but the active elements, those, at least, which are on the surface, seem to be working for evil. The virulence of the newspapers against England is, I think, a very bad omen, and the worship which the people seem to pay to Napoleon's memory is also deeply to be regretted. But it is the misfortune of France that her "past" cannot be loved or respected; her future and her present cannot be wedded to it; yet how can the present yield fruit, or the future have promise, except their roots be fixed in the past? The evil is infinite, but the blame rests with those who made the past a dead thing, out of which no healthful life could be produced.

Much as I like coming abroad, I am never for an instant tempted to live abroad; not even in Germany, where assuredly I would settle, if I were obliged to quit England. But not the strongest Tory or Conservative values our Church or Law more than I do, or would find life less liveable without them. Indeed it is very hard to me to think that those can value either who can see their defects with indifference; or that those can value them worthily, that is, can appreciate their idea, who do not see wherein they fall short of their idea. And now I close this Journal for the present, praying that God may bless us, and keep us in worldly good or evil in Himself and in His Son. Amen.

1st. Sermons preached at Laleham, 1829.

2d. Sermons preached in the School Chapel at Rugby. With five Sermons on the Social State of England, and an Essay on the Interpre tation of Scripture, 1832. [These last are omitted in a smaller edition of this volume, entitled "Sermons preached in Rugby Chapel," 1882, which contains two sermons not in the larger edition.]

3d. Selection of Sermons, 1832-34, with a Preface on the Study of Theology, and two Appendices on Atheism, and on the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession."

4th Selection of Sermons, 1835-41, entitled "Christian Life, its Course, its Helps, and its Hindrances; " with a Preface on the Oxford School of Theology, and notes on Tradition, Rationalism, and Inspiration.

5th. Sermons preached 1841-42, (posthumous,) entitled "Christian Life, its Hopes, its Fears, and its Close."

6th. Sermons mostly on the Interpretation of Scripture (posthumous).

II. Two Sermons on Prophecy, with Notes, 1839. III. Fragments on Church and State (posthumous).

HISTORICAL AND PHILOLOGICAL WORKS.

I. Edition of Thucydides, 1st edition, 1830, -33,-35. 2d edition, 1840, -41,-42.

The first volume contains a Preface on the previous editions of Thucydides, (omitted in the 2d edition,) and Appendices.

1. On the Social Progress of States. 2. On the Spartan Constitution. 3. (Omitted in the 2d edition,) on the Constitution of the Athenian Tribes.

The second contains a collation of a Venetian MS. and Appendices on the Date of the Pythian Games, and on the Topography of Megara, Corinth, Sphacteria, and Amphipolis.

The third contains a Preface on the General Importance of Greek History to Political Science, and an Appendix on the Topography of Syracuse.

[Of these Essays, the First Appendix to Vol. I. and the Preface to Vol. III. are now published in the "Miscellaneous Works."]

II. History of Rome, in 3 volumes, 1838, -40, -42, which was broken off, by his death, at the end of the Second Punic War.