the Old Testament; the definite article the, is added to earth in the second verse in the translation; and, as we think, is elegantly understood in the original. So much for the gap-the fearful chasm in the language, the grammar, and the logic, and the philosophy, and the science, and the sense. Woe worth the day for Messrs. Wight, Miller, and Dr. Alexander! There is no resting-place for geology. There Archimedes could not place his machinery. Lamented and pitied Galileo could not help him. Let us see how the second and third verses stand related. This vacuum failing, geology is gone. Her dirge may be sung. We may get our old friend, Robert Gilfillan, Esq., to write her elegy. Well can he do it when in good trim, as Peter M'Craw will testify, Mr. Cameron of the geologic tribe, will tune his pipes. We do pity Mr. Rose and Mr. Lyon, and all who stick by them through thick and thin. Messrs. Cousin and Somerville will escape; so, too, Mr. Sturrock; but Messrs. Ruthven and Craig are desperate. Brown, Brodie, Castle, Carstairs, Black, Gifford, Dun, Sleigh, Hunter, Jamieson, Forrest, M'Queen, Trotter, and Bryson, will mostly cling to Mr. Rose's soft sawdor, although we do not think they would all solemnly swear Moses is incorrect and Jehovah untrue, which they must be if there is any vacancy left in Gen i., and if the flood was not its foundation; for Jesus Christ is the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world, which, if not typified before, was manifestly done by the sacrifice of righteous Abel, within 130 years of the creation of the first particle of its matter. Without minding the Hebrew words, which correspond exactly to the English, darkness is the principal object, or topic, or word, in the second verse, after earth is disposed of; and light is, without question, by contrast, the chief, the only object in the third. Either my mind has got bewildered by geology, or there is no possibility of any separation to make sense in the composition between the second verse and the third. How Drs. Candlish, and Cunningham, and Fleming, would glour, were we privileged to make this statement in the Free Church Assembly! The quick comprehensiveness and elastic vigour of Dr. Candlish, though he be as fidgety as Lord Brougham, and the massive intellect and iron logic of Dr. Cunningham, so much lauded by Mr. Miller, as his brazen wall, would be entirely below par-fallen like the shares even of the Caledonian-were this brought forward unexpectedly. Mr. Lawson of Selkirk would be equally crest-fallen in the Voluntary Synod, and all his too numerous supporters; and even the venerable Assembly of the Church of Scotland would be completely nonplussed, so that a pin would be heard falling.

We do not know how deeply they are infected with this worse than Asiatic cholera, which is, December 1848, traversing Scotland as it did in 1832. The very collocation of the words, and the dependence of the sense, would convince the Houses of Lords and Commons. Be this as it may, Moses has so dovetailed the passage, that we will defy all the geologians on earth, by fair analysis, to say, like heroic Baillie Mack, they will resist it to the death. This places, we think, the gravestone upon geology. They must have a foundation. Room must be got for Mr. Miller's five or six creations, though he drop the rest of the thousand. But geology needs more than a foundation. They must give us a flood like Noah's; as well attested to be a secondary cause of laying all the strata. The thirty coal-seams, all workable in some parts; the slate, lime, salt-mines, iron-stone, fire, and other clays, and the sand-stone, even Hailes' Quarry, and everything done with deep design, lofty intelligence, and perfect skill and workmanship, like all God's works. They must give us indubitable testimony; nothing gratuitous, nothing suppositious; and they cannot be allowed to avail themselves of river, water, burn,-of any secondary cause; for all these are the product of the flood. They must make the matter themselves out of nothing; not cobbling up a world of old materials, as Dr. Chalmers supposed,-taught, if we remember rightly, by that arch-geologian Buckland; as Macphail says, he got the gist of his Astronomical Discourses from Fuller of Kettering, and his Bridgewater Treatise and Moral Philosophy, from Bishop Butler's Sermons and Dr. Brown's Analysis of the Human Mind. It is to be regretted that Dr. Chalmers must now be brought in post mortem; but he was, long before he died, put in another book, not yet published. Leaving the good man to his quiet and lasting sleep, they must make a world of their own, or shew us a fair model of their own materials entirely, that we may see that they can make secondary causes, and cause them make a world. The old Deistical writers gave more glory to God than they do,-the Vestiges being proof positive, with which Mr. Lyon is so honest as to agree; and Dr. Watson has never yet given his lectures to the world; nor dare he, till he expunges his geology. Those who have one pane of glass in their house must not throw stones. We may laugh at others; but if we are not correct, the laughter will be turned against us. But we support the Bible alone; not our own opinions, assertions, or reasonings. The flood is our secondary cause. We will have our weak places too; but the foundation is sure, notwithstanding

Dr. Fleming and Mr, Miller. The day and hour of creation corresponded exactly with Christ's resurrection and birth; most likely, on a Sabbath. The creation of the matter of this world out of nothing, was likely about six hours later; but certainly at nine o'clock, as time is now reckoned. The second day's work was the firmament, air, or atmosphere, surrounding the earth to the extent of about 40 or 50 miles, succeeded, as has sometimes been thought, by the ether. We contend to the death, like Baillie Mack about the Sabbath, that they are, to a dead certainty, as detailed by Moses. The sciences of meteorology, phonics, pneumatics, and optics, depend on the air. Hydraulics and hydrostatics cannot exist without it. One-fourth of oxygen, and three-fourths of nitrogen, and one part in every thousand of carbonic acid gas, compose atmospheric air. Animal and vegetable life depend on it. Clouds seldom rise above two miles in it. Fog and mist, an incipient formation of cloud, touches the ground. Sound travels 1142 feet in a second; about four and a-half beats of the pulse between the lightning and the thunder, tell the distance. The seven colours are,-red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, violet. The syphon, the steam-engine, and more than man yet knows, depends upon the air. Its weight is equal to 15 tb. on every square inch; or 30,240 on the whole body. The air, or firmament, was likely made at nine; the waters or clouds raised at twelve, though it does not appear so easy to divide this second day's work. The third day God commanded the sea to take its bed, which was perfect, if not from the first instant, at least from before the creation of the light; but God's works were all perfect at once. Though the bed of the sea was nicely and splendidly made, the water, like the Red Sea and Jordan, never offered to move; but, when commanded, it took its place slowly, so as not to stir the bottom. At twelve, the earth was commanded to produce the 100,000 plants, and the shrubs, fruit, and forest trees; and the earth was instantly covered from east to west, and north to south. There was no rain yet to bless the soil, or sun to warm the ground. This is as certain as that Mr. Wight, Doune, and Alexander, Edinburgh, exist; the former of whom says, It is absurd to say there could be vegetation without the sun; and the other, at least, concurs in it. It is too light to say, they should have been there. If all the Congregational teachers be like Drs. P. Smith and W. L. Alexander, and Mr. Wight, they will teach strange theology. Surely it was not always thus with Independents. The period had now arrived when the glori

ous sun was to receive his existence, who, all geologists say, was shining myriads of ages before. At nine in the morning, God said, Let their be lights; and they instantly existed. The sun and moon are particularly specified. The planets were called into existence also-and shall we say, all the numberless starry host-at twelve. Astronomy, that lofty science, then received its commencement. The thirty-three constellations in the northern hemisphere, and forty-five in the southern, and twelve in the ecliptic, all then shone forth on the fourth day. The twelve signs of the Zodiac, are the ram, the bull, the twins, the crab, the lion, the virgin, the balance, the scorpion, the archer, the goat, the water-bearer, the fishes. There are 2000 stars in Orion, 188 in Pleiades. The fourth day's work appears to us immense; but it is nothing to Omnipotence, which the worm man would scan, and presumptuously dares, in this advancing age, to contradict. It is enough to freeze the purple stream that constantly flows in our wonderful frame. Vain man would be wise, though ignorant as the ass's colt. What the London Record says about the plans in contemplation, and partly carried into action, by our present legislators, may fitly be applied, mutatis mutandis, to the supporters and propagators of geology, clerical and lay. The wisdom of man is still in the ascendant in this world, and, unhappily, in this country; and the wisdom set forth in the Revelation of God to man, is neglected. Man's wisdom is foolishness with God, and Satan hath deceived the heart, and blinded the eyes of men; and God's wisdom is foolishness with man. Who that receives the Word of God as true, can doubt that the sun, and moon, and stars, were all made on the fourth day of twenty-four hours, or all on that day created out of nothing, from nine to three, what geologist does, or will believe that? and yet all who do not simply and heartily believe it, make the God of truth, in whose hand is their breath and existence, a liar, (Psal. xciv. 8-10.) What more wisdom has the present age than the past? What do they know that we do not know? Research is bringing facts to light, if facts they be. It is said, that the River Shiranati, the fourth of a mile in direct breadth, falls 1150 feet,-much farther than Niagara, though not such a body of water. It is said to be in the eastern Ghauts, midway between Bombay and Cape Cormorin. These works of God, which began to flow at the flood, about 4196 years ago, do not, as nothing earthly can, invalidate the testimony of Moses. The fifth day the waters brought forth the fish, and the fowl, although not requisite to say which of them were called into existence of

nine; although it seems to be the fish, and the fowl at twelve. The cross fixes the hours. They got, for the first time, the command to multiply, and the blessing along with it. Then, and then only, Mr. Miller's six creations took place. It is very instructive, and entertaining, and beneficial to the devout mind-and we do hope Mr. Miller is not without devotion-to be able to classify and name them; but to allow them, from the least to the greatest, to cause him deny, and divide, and contradict the Word of God, is silly, and, beyond expression, sinful. To know the molluses, and corals, and crustaceans; the Ammonite, and the Trilobite, and Nautilus, and Lily encrinite, up to the Ichthyosaurus, and Plesiosaurus, and Palæotherium, and all between, is desirable, and ought, by all who have time and capacity, to be learned; but they were all produced during the six days of creation, except what might be produced at the flood, like the three species in Dunsapi Loch, in 1845. The sixth and last day of creation dawned, and, at nine, the earth brought forth the living creature upon it, from the worm to the lion. The eagle, the ostrich, the swan, the peacock, the nightingale, the cuckoo, the humming-bird, and robin redbreast,who cheers us during all the months of harvest with his variegated song, and even in winter's dreary reign, tunes his note to his great Creator's praise,-were all brought forth on the fifth day. The lion, elephant, tiger, panther, leopard, zebra, camelopard, rhinoceros, rein-deer, porcupine, and chameleon, were all the product of the sixth. Whether the crocodile was the work of the fifth or sixth, we are not called upon to determine. To get at some of Mr. Miller's five or six creations, one may begin with Zoophytes, or Plant Animals, the Polype, and Corals, and Infusoria, monas and termo. Mollusca nuda, slug, cuttle-fish, ink-fish, seablubber, sea-nettles, sea-anemone, star-fish, sea-urchin. Mollusca testacea, with shells, univalve, bivalve, multivalve. Univalves, Nautilus, snail, tooth-fish, ship-worm, limpet. Bivalves, mussel and mother-of-pearl shell, pearl shell, clamp shell, razor shell, oyster, cockle. Multivalves, barnacle shell. Vermes or Worms, guinea worm, thread worm, round worm, fluke, tape worm, sea mouse, leech, earth worm. Insects:-The dragon-fly is furnished with 25,000 lenses. Spider's eyes are from 6 to 8 in number. The human body has not above 500 muscles; a large caterpillar will have above 4000. A flea will spring 200 times its own length, whereas the jerboa and kangaroo fall very far short of the same proportional distance. Coleoptera, with a hollow horny case, under which the wings are folded,-beetles, stag beetle lady-bird, weevil, glow-worm,