names, and must, therefore, give the whole Presbytery, who should all have been there; marking those in italics who, we think, were there :-Barony, John Burns, William Black, A. and S.; Shettleston, John Thomson; Calton, Matthew Graham ; Anderston, Alexander Sommerville; Hope Street, Hector M'Neil; Maryhill, R. M'Nair Wilson; St. Stephen's, Andrew King; St. Mark's, Walter M'Gilvray; Brigton, Patrick Fairbairn; St. Luke's, J. C. Fowler; Hillpark, vacant; Martyrs', vacant; Milton, John Duncan; Cadder, Thomas Lockerby, J. Park, A. and S.; Chryston, James Young; Campsie, Robert Lee; Carmunnock, John Henderson; Cathcart, James Smith; Cumbernauld, John Watson; Eaglesham, W. Colville; St. Mungo's, D. McFarlan; College, J. Lockhart; Tron Church, Robert Buchanan; St. David's, J. G. Lorimer; St. Andrew's, N. Paterson; St. Enoch's, J. Henderson; St. George's, John Smyth; St. John's, T. Brown; St. James', John Muir; St. Paul's, John Forbes; Albion, Archibald Nisbet; St Columba, N. McLeod; Duke Street, Lewis Rose; St. Thomas's, Joseph Sommerville, William Hunter, A. and S.; St. George'sin-the-Fields, Peter Napier; St. Ann's, Alexander Gibson; Briggate, Daniel Cameron; St. Peter's, William Arnot; Barrowfield, vacant; Chalmers' Church, James Whyte; Camlachie, William Eason; Hutchesontown, vacant; Gorbals, Alexander Turner; Kirkfield, J. R. Anderson; Govan, Matthew Leishman; Partick, Robert Paisley; Maxwelton, vacant; Kilsyth, William Burns; Kirkintilloch, Adam Forman; St. David's, Thomas Duncan; Rutherglen, Peter Brown; West Church, James Munro. Perhaps more than those marked in italics were at the raid of Chryston. An eternity of endless happiness or misery is at stake to every human soul. Neither geology, nor astronomy, nor botany, nor chemistry, nor any science from the letter A to Z, will ever lead to heaven, but the science of Jesus Christ and Him crucified. The Rev. Robert Stewart, whose father died at Boghead in 1833, close upon Cadder parish, when he was about ten years of age, brought the crusade fresh to our recollection, preaching in Clerk Street Chapel from the text Mr. Young discoursed upon that singular day, (2 Cor. v. 10,) January 28, 1848. In combating Dr. P. Smith, and those he introduces, little to their honour, we shall chiefly use their own weapons. It must be chiefly from his own admissions and concessions that we even attempt to master him. We regret that we will not be enabled to avail ourselves of the third part of what we have written upon the subject, assisted by the books in the Select Subscription Library, Edinburgh. Who has ever even attempted

to harmonize any other science with Scripture though there is none else that we ever heard of that contravenes it. Phrenology, mesmerism, animal magnetism, cloroform, electric light, gas from water, and others, perhaps not entitled, more than it, to be called sciences, plod their weary way, falling, and attempting to rise, almost unheaded; and, as long as the rage for science lasts, there will be many upstarts; and some may be discovered glorifying God, and doing good to men. We wish them all success, if they do not destroy the anchor of our hope. It is admitted there is a discrepancy between geology and Christianity; but it is said to be not real, but apparent. The two are directly opposed,-we use his own emphatic words, so they never will agree. He cajoles, and threatens, and insinuates; but so did he, who brought sin and death, and all our woe, into the world. But though infidelity should gain even all scientific men, by holding the Bible uncompromisingly, so it must be held, (2 Cor. vi. 15.) Like the African boy who never told a lie-no, never, as related by Mungo Park, we will never yield-no, never. Our motto, or running title, is, Biblical and infidel geology directly opposed. With all the solemnity we can feel in our happiest moments, or shall feel when flesh and heart shall fail, we would adjure Dr. P. Smith and his 3000 lovers of science, and all the supporters of geology, clerical and lay, (Matt. xxvi. 6; 2 Tim. iv. 1,) that without bias, prejudice, or prepossession, they consider what science, even all the real sciences on earth shall avail them, when they stand before His judgment-seat, whose Word they contradict, deny, and mangle. Do not they wish to thrust geology between the first and third verses of the first chapter of Genesis? Do not they say, How could there be light and vegetation on the first and third day, before the sun, moon, and stars, which Moses says were not made until the fourth day! Do not they depreciate and deny the flood? Do not they deny Exod. xx. 11? Do not they deny Rev. xiii. 8 ? None of these passages, and many more, can, in their plain, simple, literal, and Scriptural sense, be received by geologists. If they can dispassionately view the matter, and we know some of them would wish to do it, we call upon them to contrast transient time with endless eternity, and every morning, noon, and night, to ask themselves the awful question, Am I in Christ-and is He formed in me the hope of glory?—and am I counting all things loss, that I may win Christ and be found in Him? (2 Cor. v. 17; Col. i. 17; Philip. iii. 9.) Adam Black said upon one occasion, Perish dissent; so let them say, Perish geology, since it will keep me from heaven. This Dr. Smith

will call declamation, impassioned description, or preaching; so let it be ended.

In February, 1845, I was induced to attend a class in the Trades' Hall, formed intentionally to aid Mr. Rose. His language, like Dr. Nichol's, sometimes grated upon my ear; but I was shocked at the conclusion. He had a large quarto Bible on his desk, to prove that the Bible was not true, according to antigeologists; because all the animals were in the ark at the flood, and none of them could be imbedded in the rocks; forgetting that only a pair of unclean animals were in the ark. But it does not follow that even two of every species were preserved. After the class, I joined the Society, where the members conducted themselves with decorum for a considerable time,-much better than the Geological Society in London. Mr. Sturrock, a very superior member of the Society, broke the ice, by an attempt to harmonize geology and the Bible. Various causes of difference afterwards occurred. I wrote a letter to the secretary, which they were going to answer; but declined. I then wished them to yield their assent to the literal and universal truth of the Bible; but could only get it engrossed in the minutes. Mr. Rose ultroneously attacked the toads, attempting to shew, that none of them were ever found in sandstone, or in coal. But he ultimately failed; for Mr. Trotter, writing-master, St. David Street, got one conveyed from the neighbourhood of Kelso, which his uncle got in a quarry alive; but would not part with it. Mr. Rose got over it, though on his table; and it addressed us in a speech which we will not easily forget. Many more were sufficiently vouched for. Two found in a coal pit near Paisley, both in one hole; one in freestone, near Perth; and two, at least, sufficiently attested by Charles Clay, surgeon, Ashton-under-Lyne, 1839;—one, or both, in the Birmingham Museum. The book is in Mr. Rose's possession. A letter was sent to Mr. Lyon, mentioning another in England; but he never allowed me to get the letter; for quiet and amiable as he is, he would almost sell his soul to support geology. This may seem strong; but it is true, in a qualified sense. Mr. Rose is a geologist from interest; Mr. Lyon, for deep devotion to the science. I respect both the gentlemen, and they are far from being bad men; but they are unbelievers of the Bible, in its plain, full, and literal meaning, (2 Cor. vi. 14; 1 Tim. v. 8.) Mr. Lyon reviewed the Vestiges with approbation, upon their appearance; but he far exceeds his master, who, as Mrs. Brown remarks, is very cautious. I twice called them all infidels; which so incensed Mr. Rose, that, at one time, he

called me a deist; at another, an atheist; for upholding the unity, integrity, and verbal inspiration of Scripture. I only compared him to Dr. Chalmers, rising from his seat in his anger, as Dr. Chalmers did in his eagerness from the Divinity chair. From some glances cast at geology when correcting for the press, I feel myself called upon to make some excerpts from Dr. J. Pye Smith, as I have done from H. Miller, Esq., (18th chapter,) in a way that some may put an unfavourable construction upon what is said regarding Mr. Miller; whereas it was his writings, not himself, that I had in my view. Dr. Chalmers and Mr. Miller are chiefly two gentlemen that I deeply regretted to find among material infidel geologists, especially the former; for they are in the same predicament as the stork and the cranes. I am sorry that I will be compelled to take more from Dr. Smith than I desiderated; for I must notice the most of those he introduces, as well as himself; and the very first that must be mentioned, almost taking them in order, is Dr. Chalmers, whose laconic, emphatic, but ostentatious monument, is now erecting in the Grange Cemetery. Pride should be left on this side the grave. We may quote a sentence that we do not reprehend; but the infidel ones shall generally be pointed out. Dr. Smith says, Rain, rills, and rivers, aided by the electric, chemical, and mechanical agency of the atmosphere, are continually wearing away the solid earth, transporting it into the estuaries of the sea, and committing it to the currents which spread it out upon the ocean bed. The design of geological studies is to acquire a satisfactory knowledge of the substances, (airs, water, earth, stones, and metals,) which, in different combinations and arrangements, form the accessible parts of the planet assigned by the Almighty Creator for our present dwelling-place. A vague idea has obtained circulation, that certain geological doctrines are at variance with the Holy Scriptures. The semblance of discrepancy is, indeed, undeniable; but I profess my conviction, that it is nothing but a semblance; and, like many other difficulties on all important subjects which have tried the intellect of man, it vanishes before careful and sincere examination. Instead of Dr. P. Smith causing it to vanish, he has only made it indescribably more apparent; and what he failed to do from ability and enterprise, no man need attempt, (Col. ii. 8; 1 Tim. vi. 5; 2 Tim. iii. 8.) Mr. Babbage says, in his Bridgewater Treatise, What, then, have those accomplished who have restricted the Mosaic account of the creation to that diminutive period which is, as it were, but a span in the duration of the earth's existence, and who have imprudently re

jected the testimony of the senses, when opposed to their philological criticisms? There are two sciences, astronomy and geology, which bring us into acquaintance with facts of amazing grandeur and interest, concerning the extent and antiquity of the created universe. Truth in religion, in morals, in sentiment, and in natural science,-conventional truth. The criterion of truth is evidence,-the evidence of our senses. Moral evidence,-The dependent or the finite universe, One necessary Being. The Rev. Adam Sedgwick, Woodwardian Professor of Mineralogy and Geology, said, Dean William Cockburn's head (of York) was addled, because he affirmed the unquestionable truth, that the flood is the foundation of geology. The Bible instructs us, that man and other living things have been placed but a few years upon the earth; and the physical monuments of the world bear witness to the same truth. If the astronomer tells us of myriads of worlds not spoken of in the sacred records, (Gen. xv. 5,) the geologist, in like manner, proves, (not by arguments from analogy, but by the incontrovertible evidence of physical phenomena, presented to the plain cognizance of our senses,) that there were former conditions of our planet, separated from each other by vast intervals of time, during which man and the other creatures of his own date had not been called into being. Periods such as these belong not, therefore, to the moral history of our race, and come within neither the letter nor the spirit of Revelation. Between the first creation of the earth and that day in which it pleased God to place man upon it, who shall dare to define the interval? On this question Scripture is silent; but that silence destroys not the meaning of those physical monuments of his power which God has put before our eyes; giving us, at the same time, faculties whereby we may interpret them, and comprehend their meaning,-Sedgwick or Moses. He is not yet done. A class of men have dishonoured the literature of this country by Mosaic geology, Scripture geology, and other works of cosmogony, with kindred titles, wherein they have overlooked the aim and end of Revelation, tortured the Book of Life out of its proper meaning, and wantonly contrived to bring about a collision between natural phenomena and the Word of God. They have committed the folly and the sin of dogmatizing, on matters which they have not personally examined, and, at the utmost, know only at second-hand,—of pretending to teach mankind on points where they themselves are unin structed. It would, indeed, be a vain and idle task to engage in controversy with this school of false philosophy,-to waste