THE BOOK OF FACTS, * OR, UNIVERSAL COMMONPLACE-BOOK MEASURES OF CAPACITY. MEASURE is length, breadth, and thickness, estimated by known lengths, or compared by other known quantities: thus there are 12+12+12 1728 cubick inches in a cubick foot; and 3X3X3=27 cubick feet in a cubick yard. The Imperial gallon is 277.274 cubick inches. A gill, or quarter of a pint, is 8 inches. The Imperial gallon contains 10 lb. avoirdupois of distilled water, weighed in air, at 62°, with the barometer at 30 inches. Two gallons a peck, eight a bushel, and eight bushels a quarter. One English wine gallon is equal to .0833111 Imperial gallon. One ale gallon 1.017045 Imperial. One corn bushel=0.96943 Imperial. One Imp. gallon=1.20032 wine gall. One Imp. gallon=0.933241 ale gall. One Imp. gallon=1.03152 corn gall. An Imperial gallon is 4.843452 litres. Heaped measure, per bushei, is 2815 cubick inches clear. The standard bushel kept at Guildhall contains 2145.6 cubick inches of water, weighing 1131 oz. 14 dwts. The Winchester bushel is 18 inches diameter and 8 inches deep, containing 2150.42 cubick inches. A quarter of corn is the fourth of a ton, and eight bushels, or two sacks. A strike is four pecks. 1000 ounces of rain water are equal to about 71 gallons wine measure, or to a cubick foot. 7lb. avoirdupois is a gallon of flour. A chaldron of coals is 58% cubick feet. Twelve wine gallons of distilled water weigh 100 lbs. avoirdupois. Nineteen cubick inches of distilled water at 50°, weigh 10 oz. troy. A cubick inch of distilled water at 62°, in a vacuum, is 252.724 grains. The Imperial measure for heaped goods contains 80 lbs. avoirdupois of distilled water, and is 194 inches from outside to outside at the bottom; the heap to be in a cone at least six inches high from the outside: three making a sack and twelve sacks a chaldron, which ought to weigh 28 cwt. The Imperial dry bushel, when not heaped, is 2218.192 cubick inches; the peck 554.548; gallon 277.274, and deep, and 18.8 wide; with a heap 6 quart 69.3185. The bushel is 8 inches inches high. A tun is 2 pipes, 4 hogsheads, 3 puncheons, 8 barrels, or 252 gallons. A pipe of port is 138 gallons; of Lisbon 140; Maderia 110; and Sherry 120. The hogshead of Claret is 57 gallons, and the aum of Hock 36 gallons; Teneriffe 120, and Cape 20. A tun of wine is 2 pipes, and each pipe 2 hogsheads of 63 gallons. A tun of beer is 2 butts, and each butt 2 hogsheads of 54 gallons. A bushel of wheat is 60 lbs., rye 53, barley 47, oats 88, peas 64, beans 63, clover seed 68, rape 48 lbs. 53 cwt. is a chaldron at Newcastle. A keel of 8 Newcastle chaldrons is 15 London chaldrons. The Imperial corn bushel of 2218. The Winchester bushel is 35.2466 192 cubick inches, is to the Winches- litres. The stere is 35.317 cubick ter of 2150.42, as 32 to 31. The Imperial coal bushel of 2816. 459 inches, is 1 inches more than the old coal bushel of 2814.9. The Imperial wine measure is to the old measure as 6 to 5; 5 imperial gallons being 6 wine gallons and 6th over. σ The new and old ale measures are as 60 to 59. To convert old corn measure into new, multiply by .96943 or 3; wine by .83311 or ; ale by 1.01704 or 8. Wood, the fuel of France, is sold by the corde of 576 square feet; and 80 square cordes make what is called a journal. At 70° the specific gravity of water is 0.99913; at 38° is 1.00113; and at 5-10 is 1.00064. The difference between 62° and 39° in a gallon of 277.276 inches, is one-third of a cubick inch. A last is a commercial measure, of twelve barrels of soap, ashes, herrings, &c.; ten quarters of corn, or two cart loads; twenty-four barrels of gunpowder; twelve sacks of wool; and 1700 lbs. of flax or feathers. A Scotch pint is four English pints. A Scotch pint is 105 cubick inches, and a wheat farlot 214 Scotch pints. The Scotch quart 206.8. cubick inches. A tub of butter is 84 lbs. and a firkin 56 lbs. A Scotch boll is an English sack. A soldier's canteen contains three pints. feet. WEIGHTS. with which bodies of various density WEIGHT is the tendency or force tend to fall towards the earth. The standard of weights is the cubick inch of distilled water, weighing 252.458 troy grains; the troy pound 5760 grains, or 22.8157 inc. The same standard of 7000 troy grains makes the pound avoirdupois, 27. 7274 cubic inches: ten of which, or 277.274 being the Imperial gallon; a quart 69.32; and a gill, of 5 oz. of water, equal 8.664. IN TROY WEIGHT, 24 grains make a pennyweight, (meaning grains of wheat) 480 an oz. and 5760 a lb.; or 20 dwt. an oz. and 12 oz. a lb. In APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT, 20 grains make a scruple, 60 a drachm; and then as in troy weight, 480 make an oz., and 5760 a lb. There are 12 ounces to the lb., 8 drams to an ounce, 3 scruples a dram, and 20 grains or drops to a scruple. The dram is 60 grains. In AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT, 16 drams make an oz. 256 a lb.; 16 oz. a lb.; 112 lb. a cwt.; and 20 cwt., or 2240 lbs., a ton. 175 lbs. troy are equal to 144 lbs. avoirdupois; and 175 oz. troy are equal to 192 oz. avoirdupois. 80 oz. avoirdupois are equal to 73 oz. troy; and 14 lbs. avoirdupois to 17 troy. A troy pound is 13 oz. 2.65 drams avoirdupois; and a lb. avoirdupois is 1 lb. 2 oz. 11 dwt. 16 grs. troy. The avoirdupois lb. of 7000 grains The litre 18 61.0279 English cubick is 453.61 French grammes; and the inches, or 24th wine pints. troy lb., 5760 grains, is 373.14 grammes. One troy lb. One Imp. lb. The stere, or cubical metre, is 35. 3171 cubick feet English. are There 5452670000 cubical yards in a cubick mile. A Roman quadrantal was a cube containing 80 lbs. of water, or 48 sextaries and 8 congii. A gower was 7 pints. The Ephah was the sixth part, or 1747.7 cubick inches, nearly an Engfish cubick foot. 0.822857 Imperial lb. 1.215271 lb. troy. Henry III. enacted that an ounce should be 640 dry grains of wheat; 12 oz. a lb.; 8 lbs. a gallon of wine; and eight gallons a London bushel. Latterly, the malt liquor measure has been 282 inches to the gallon, and the wine measure 231. 7000 grains of water. thermometer 62 degrees, and barometer 30 inches, are 1 lb. avoirdupois. The French gramme is 15.434 English grains. The smaller French weights are in tenths, decreasing, as deci, centi, and milli grammes. The larger are deca, hecato, chilio, and mirio grammes, in tenths, increasing. 56 or 60 lbs. is a truss of hay, old or new, and 40 lbs. a truss of straw; 36 trusses being a load. A Spanish quintal is 312 Spanish lbs. The arroba is 25 Spanish lbs., of 6544 grains each; and 6 arrobas make a quintal. 32 Lisbon lbs. of 7005 grains. The Venetian mirre contains 30 lbs. of 4215 grains. The kilo-gramme, or 1000 grammes, is equal to 2 lbs. 2 oz. 4 grains avoir-nations is, in Sweden, for copper The Shippondt of the northern dupois. In Greece, a drachma was 2 dwt. 16 grains; a minæ 1 lb. 1 oz.; a talent 67 lbs. 7 oz. 5 dwt. The Roman weights were the As, equal to twelve ounces, and the uncia an ounce. The American quintal is 100 lbs. The Mysore cutcha seer is 9 oz. 11 drams. A bale of Egyptian cotton is 90 lbs., of Brazil 160, of Georgian and Sea Islands 280, Orleans 300, East India 300, West India 350 to 400. A pack of sheep's wool is 240 lbs. The livre, or French pound, is 500 grammes, or 7714 grains English, or I lb. 1 oz. 10 drams avoirdupois. The quintal, of 100 kilo-grammes, is 220.486 pounds. The Bengal maund is 74 lbs. 10 oz. 10 drams avoirdupois; the seer 1 lb. 13 oz. 13.866 drams; the chattock 1 oz. 13.366 drams. The Baza maund is 82 lbs. 2 oz. A seam of glass is 24 stone of 5 lbs. each. The weight of a cubick inch of distilled water, in a vacuum is 252.722 grains; and in air is 252.456 grains. The quintal is ten mirio-grammes, or 2 cwt., or 224 lbs., English, nearly. A sack of wool is 22 stone of 14 lbs. or 308 lbs. In Scotland, it is 24 stone of 16 lbs. 320 lbs. of 9211 grains, and for provisions 400 such lbs. At Riga it is 400 lbs. of 6149 grains. At Hamburgh 300 lbs. of 7315 grains. 100 lbs. English is equal to 112 lbs. of Russia, to 93 lbs. 5 oz. of Hamburgh, and to 132 lbs. 11 oz. at Leghorn, and 104 lbs. 13 oz. in Portugal, and 91 lbs. 8 oz. at Amsterdam. The commercial lb. of Amsterdam to 7602 grains. The Dutch stone is is 7636 grains, and the troy lb. equal 16 lbs. The Norway lb. is 7833 grains. The Spanish lb. is 7038 grains. The Chinese kin is 5802 grains, or 375-2 French grammes. The Turkish lb. is 7578 grains. A cubick foot weighs- Of clay and stones Of Portland stone . 95 lbs 124 . 127 . 135 . 160 205 62.5 .1203.625 654.8 . 450.45 489.8 709.5 .1218.75 . 486.75 15 . 157.5 59 73.15 . 125 Of crown glass MEASURES OF LENGTH. The Turkish dreah, or pik, is 3 palmi, or 26.41 inches, and the lesser MEASURES in length are the dis-pik is 19.03 inches. tance of one object from another in some agreed standard. A line is the 10th of a digit, and the 100th of a foot. A digit measure is ths of an inch, or 4 barleycorns laid breadthways. A hair's breadth is the 48th of an inch. The jaghire is 10.46 English inches. A cawney is rather more than an acre. A hide of land was one plough's work. An ox-gang is 15 acres, or as much as one ox can plough in a year. The long-line adopted in the navy A barleycorn is .00217th of a cu-is 48 feet. bick inch, or about 460 make a cubick inch, or 3 to an inch in length. A geometrical pace is 4.4 feet English; and an English mile contains 1200, or 1760 yards, or 5290 feet. The Paris foot is nine lines shorter than the English foot, or 0.91 to 1. The Roman foot was 0.915. The Rhinland or Leyden foot is 0.86925 English A Scotch mile contains 1500 paces. A German mile 4000. A Swedish and Danish mile 5000. The Russian mile 750 paces. A great league in France is 3000) paces, and a mean league 2500. A nautical league is th of a degree. A hand used for horses is 4 inches. A degree of latitude is 69; English miles at the equator.-Mudge. A nail's breadth is the 16th of a yard, or 24 inches. A surveyor's chain is 4 poles, or 66 feet, divided into 100 links of 7.92 inches. A square chain is 16 poles, and 10 square chains are an acre. 640 acres are a square mile; and 4840 square yards are an acre, 169.58 yards each way. The Irish acre 7840 square yards. A French arpent ths of an English acre. The Scotch acre 1.27 English. 121 Irish acres are equal to 196 English. 48 Scotch acres are equal to 61 English. 11 Irish miles are equal to 14 English. 80 Scotch miles are equal to 91 English. A sea league is 3.4536 miles, or the 20th of a degree. 6078 feet are a sea mile. A palm is 3 inches. A fathom 6 feet. The French metre is 36.9413 French inches, or 39.371 English, or 3.2389 feet. In Greece, a digit was ths of an inch, a cubit 134 inches, and a large cubit 18 inches; a pace 2 yards and an inch, a stadium 201 yards 1 foot 3 inches; 83 stadia a mile nearly. The plethron, 10000 square feet. A Bengal coss is 6000 feet, or 1 mile 240 yards. The haut or cubit is 18 inches. A baggah of land is 1600 square yards, about a third of an acre. A span was 10.944 inches. Ezekiel's reed was 10 feet 11 inches. A sabbath day's journey was 1155 yards, or about 3rds of a mile. A day's journey was 334 miles. The Egyptian cubit, or ardub, was 21.888 inches. The Greek foot was 12 inches. The Hebrew foot was 1.212 English feet. The Hebrew cubit 1.817 the sacred cubit 2 English feet; and the great cubit 11 English feet. The stadium, 625 feet; and the milliarium, 5000 feet. The Amsterdam foot is .927; and the ell 2.233. The Berlin foot .992 The Brussels foot .95. The Chinese imperial foot 1.05. The Chinese lis is 629 yards. The Moscow foot .928. The French metre 39.37079 inches. The metre is 443.2959 lines, and .513074 of a French toise. 8 chiliometres is about 5 miles English. 1000 feet is nearly 305 metres. The metre is the ten millionth part of the quadrant of the earth from the equator to the north pole. It differs slightly from the length of a pendulum which, in the latitude of London, The Neapolitan mile 4 German vibrates seconds in a vacuum, at the miles, or 60th of a degree. The Roman palm .733. The Roman foot .966. The Roman mileth of a degree. The Roman braccio is 4 palms. The Russian werst is 3508 English feet, about 3ds of a mile. inches. The Scotch ell is 37 The Swedish foot 1.073 English feet. The Venice foot 1.14. The Vienna post mile 24888 feet. The candi, of India, is equal to the Venetian ell. In Siam, the ken is 36 inches nearly, and is divided into 2 soks; these into 2 keubs; and each keub into 12 nions, at ths of an inch. 3 inches is a palm: 3 palms, or 9 inches, a span. 5 feet is a pace. 2 yards is a fathom. The German mile is the 15th of a degree of latitude, or more than 43 miles English. level of the sea, where it is 39.1393 inches; therefore, the metre is only .23 of an inch longer than our pendulum. The millemetre, or thousandth part, .03937 inches English. The centimetre .39371. The decimetre 3.93708. The decameter is ten times the metre. The hecatometre 100 times. The chiliometre 1000 times; and the miriometre 10,000 times. The are is 3.95 English perches. An inch English is 2.54 centimetres; a yard is 0.91438 metres; and a mile is 1609.3149 metres. The French metre is the ten millionth of a quadrant of the earth, taken as 6217.857 English miles, or 32809167 feet, and a mean degree of latitude at 69.0429. A centesimal degree is 54 minutes. A league at 25 league 2000 toises, or 2.3 miles Engto a degree is 2.7617 miles. A post lish; a toise being 6 feet 6 inches English. The pied one-sixth of the toise; and the aune 3 feet 11 inches English. A degree at the equator is 365101 feet, or 69.148 miles, or 69 nearly. In latitude 66.20 Maupertius measured a degree of latitude, in 1737, and made it 69.403; and Swanberg, in 1803, made it 69.292. At the equator, in 1744, four astronomers made it 68.732; and Lambton, in lat. 12, 68.743. Mudge, in England, makes it 69.148. Cassini, in France, in 1718 and 1740, made it 69.12, and Biot 68.769; while a recent measure in Spain makes it but 68.63, less than at the equator; and contradicts all the others proving the earth to be a prolate spheroid, which was the opinion of Cassini, Bernouilli, Euler The French toise 6 feet 4.733 nches. and others, while it has more gene A league is 3 sea miles. 17 Spanish leagues is a degree, or about 4 miles, which is the Dutch and German league. The Persian league, or parasang, is 30 stadia or furlongs. The Paris line .0888. The Paris ell 43.9 inches. |