minister Ornameto, to his holiness at Rome with letters, vindicating himself in terms of such submission, as to melt the obdurate heart of Paul, who restored the Cardinal to his legantine, but the vibration of his nerves was aparent. He did not live long to enjoy the restoration; within a year he was seized with a quartan ague, as historians term it, which deprived him of life Nov. 18, 1558, aged fifty eight years. After lying in state forty days, at the palace of Lambeth, he was carried in pomp to Canterbury, and very magnificiently interred,

POMPHRET, (JOHN) an English poet, son of a Rector of Luton in Bedfordshire, was born about 1667. From a country grammar school, he was sent to Cambridge, where he accomplished himself in polite literature; wrote many fugitive political pieces, and was clothed with the honors of that seminary, by both degrees in the arts; took orders, and was presented to the living of Malden. About 1703 he was called to London, to a more considerable living, but was delayed in his progress for some time by Compton, then bishop of London, for some lines in his collegiate poetry, in the piece entitled "The Choice," which malice had represented to the bishop, as a proof that Pomphret preferred licentious to hymeneal love; which, when understood by Pomphret, he candidly and promptly subjected the poem to the bishop's inspection, which totally eradicated the stain, which was proved to have been the effect of malice, as Pomphret was, at the time he wrote it, a married man, This opposition had a fatal effect, for his continuance in London was thereby protracted to such a length, and his mind so engrossed in his ecclaircisement, that neglecting the prerequisite cautions, so essential at that time, he caught the small pox, which ended his days at the age of thirty-five years.

A volume of his poems was published by himself in 1699, with a preface which did honor to his modesty and sensibility. Sundry posthumous pieces were published by his friend Philathes, under the titles of Reason," "Dies Novissima, or The Last Epiphany," a pindaric ode, but his untimely death deprived the world of his extensive usefulness.

POOLE, (MATHEW) a nonconformist minister of eminence, son of Francis Poole, Esq. of York, where he was born in 1624, and regularly educated according to the custom of that day in England. Having passed through the grammar schools and those of the languages, he was entered at Emmanuel college in Cambridge, and duly received the degrees of B. A. and M. A. he embraced the sentiments of the Presbyterians, which were soon brought into opposition to the ecclesiastical opinions and polity of that day. In 1648 he entered into the ministry, and was made rector of St. Michaels le Quern in London.

The first display of his weight and consequence, was about ten years after his settlement, by his publication of a treatise entitled "A Model for the Maintenance of Pupils of choice Abilities, &c." He took care to obtain the signatures and patronization of his scheme, of several heads of families in Cambridge; to that degree did his opposition exalt him, that he refused to sign the act of uniformity in 1662, but was therefore ejected his living, and immediately after published his " Voix Clamantis in Deserto;" but submission was his lot, and his resignation has been celebrated in those ages. Being a bachelor, he chose to seclude himself, and lived upon his patrimonial estate which did not exceed more than four hundred and forty-four dollars per. ann. and applied himself to study, resolving to employ his pen in the service of religion in general, without interfering in the disputes

of the respective parties. Under this impression he drew the design of a very extensive work, of great labour, study and use, and in 1669, published it under the title of "Synopsis Criticorum Bibliorum," in five vols. folio, which was well received by both parties. He must, however, discover his zeal against Popery, and published a book entitled "The Nullity of the Romish Church or Faith," which, when Oates's depositions were made, upon the subject of popish plots, occasioned the registry of his name on the list of those who were to be cut off. He therefore withdrew, and went to Holland where he died, suspected to have been poisoned. His Annotations upon the Holy Bible, he had progressed so far as the fifty-eighth chapter of Isaiah, when he died, and which are now extant, and grace the libraries of the clergy of Christendom.

POLYBIUS, an ancient historian, son of Lycortas, was born at Megalopolis in Arcadia, in the fourth year of the hundred and forty-third Olympiad, about two hundred years before Christ, and was afterwards. General of the Arcadians, at a period when that republic assumed as much power and importance as any one in Greece. At the age of twenty-four the Arcadians sent him with his father, ambassador to Egypt, which honor was again conferred on Polybius. He was also deputized to go to Rome at the time the Consul made war against Persius king of Thessaly.

During the consulships of Emilius Pætus and Julius Pennus, they summoned a thousand Arcadians to Rome, suspected of designs against the Romans, who were detained seventeen years. Polybius was included among the number, then thirty-eight years old. By some means he registered himself among the philosophers, and commenced a touring life, he would never depend on the accounts of others, so much as

to narrate events from their history, and could never be brought to submit to the records of others, but must examine for himself. To this turn of mind and his determination therein, was he perhaps, in a degree indebted for his literary abilities, and posterity for the result of his investigation and labours. He visited not only Europe, but Asia and Africa, resolved to be acquainted with the places, as well as the great performances on their respective theatres. To this end, he obtained Scipio's authority to procure vessels fit to sail on the Atlantic ocean, and in them performed his voyages. His curiosity also led him to pass the Alps, and that part of Gaul, which might. enable him to represent fairly and truly the march of Hannibal when he entered into Italy. Hav-. ing justified Hannibal in his famous exploits, it was necessary to travel over Spain, in order to do justice to Scipio. He halted at New Carthage and studied its laws, manners, and mode of establishment. He was honorably escorted by nobles; but faithfulness obliges us to add, that he attended Scipio at the destruction of Carthage, and was with Mummius at the burning and demolishing of Corinth.

Polybius did not confine himself to the history of the Romans, but wrote the history of the most important states, empires, and governments of the eastern world, which he denominated " Catholic or Universal." The dependence of all other nations on Rome rendered this wise, as well as necessary to his general plan.

Of forty books which he wrote, only five remain for us to reap the benefits which he designed. An abridgment of twelve are under the name of Marcus Brutus, who delighted in nothing so much as reading history, and was peculiarly attached to Polybius,. whose life was closed, even the last hours of those the most unfortunate, he devoted not only to the amusements of reading, but to the labor of

abridging and circumscribing the history of fiftythree years the most important of that empire.

Polybius lived to an advanced age; he died at the age of eighty-two by a fall from his horse as Lucian informs in his "Macrobii." His death happened seventeen years before the birth of Marcus Tullius Cicero, the celebrated orator and statesman of Rome.

PSALMANAZAR, (GEORGE) the fictitious name of a person of very extraordinary character. It was suspected, but never known during his life, that he was a Frenchman; partly educated at a free school, and partly taught by Franciscan monks, afterwards at the college of the Jesuits in an Archepiscopal city, the name of which, as well as of his parents, or even the place of his birth, are, and ever will remain inviolable secrets.

On his leaving college, he was recommended as a travelling tutor, to a young gentleman whose mean low rambling kind of life, produced a variety of disappointments and misfortunes, and involved Psalmanazar in the consequences so deeply, as to induce him to wretched shifts and subterfuges. His first exploit was a pilgrimage to Rome, to effect which, he procured a certificate that he was of Irish extraction, and on his tour stated that he was driven from his native country by the heavy persecutions which then assailed it. Being unable to purchase a pilgrim's habit, and observing a chapel dedicated to a titular Saint, that some one had erected as a monument of gratitude to some wandering pilgrim, he contrived to take both staff and cloak at noon day, and being thus accoutred, begged in Latin, his way out of the kingdom.

At the age of sixteen, he was in Germany, and there passed for a Formosan, a wild and extravagant