latter part of the running may be into a jug with a funnel in it, which will keep the wine, perhaps, some better than if it ran into a pail. All the sediment will be found adhering to the sides of the strainer, and what runs out will be much purer than that which is drawn from the cask before the sediment is reached. The original cask may now he washed clean, and the wine returned into it, when it should receive the fining matter, and then be placed in position for racking off againg the following fall. [For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] STOCK-GROWING IN VERMONT. MESSRS. EDITORS--I have lately been looking over the reports of the Cambridge market for live stock, and from the weekly returns of the cattle, sheep and lambs, calves, and horses brought to that market, can be obtained the Take the whites of two dozen of hens' eggs and beat them, after which mix and beat them with a gallon of wine, which should be left out of the cask for the purpose. This mixture is then to be put into the cask, and the whole stirred at the bung; then fill up, bung tight, and nothing more is required till fall. I will here observe that an excellent process for allow-number sent to that place from the several New-England ing the gas to escape at the first fermentation, is the use of a small glass or tin syphon, which is fitted into a hole in the bung of the cask, and the upper end placed in a cup or bowl of water, which allows all the gas to escape through the water, while no air can return through the same channel. The Ohio wine-growers use a syphon, but I have made very excellent wine without one, and do not consider them absolutely essential, though they are better than the spile system. In October the wine may be racked off the last time, when if rightly made and managed, it will be very clear, and equal to the most of imported wines. That which I made from the Concord grape in 1860-two casks-on the above system, was sold to wine dealers, who pronounced it the best native wine that they ever tasted. It requires skill to make a good wine; and all the minutiae of the process must be well attended to, or there will be a failure. A very fair wine can be made from almost any variety of grape, when not fully ripe, as is the case sometimes when early frosts occur. In such cases, if the grapes are half green, good wine can be made from them, with sugar and spirit. States, as well as from other places. The reports for 1861 include every week in the year except the first weeks of April and July, which are omitted, for what reason I do not know. From these returns we are enabled to see how those of Vermont compare with other States, and also how they compare with those of the preceding years. For 1861, Vermont sent to this market the following amount of stock: Making in the aggregate, 11,298 cattle, 47,034 sheep and lambs, and 587 horses. From the report of the market for 1860, I find that Vermont sent 16,267 cattle, 82,242 sheep and lambs, and 711 horses, showing a decrease of 4,969 cattle, 35,208 sheep and lambs, and 124 horses. The decrease in the number of horses is accounted for from the fact that a large number of horses were taken from the State for the use of the army. Some people seem to think that the addition of alcohol renders the wine impure, when the grapes themselves contain from ten to fourteen per cent. of just such stimulating alcoholic spirit as alcohol itself, while the sugar added contains about as much more. Wine that contains The Secretary of the Vermont State Agricultural Sonot a particle of sugar or spirit added to it, is still an in-ciety, in his last annual report to the Society, stated that toxicating beverage, and is not a whit more pure as re gards intoxicating qualities, than that to which sugar and there were 55,000 horses in the State, and that during the spirit has been added, but is only less intoxicating; still, preceding year (1861) 10,000 horses had been furnished when a good wine can be made without the addition of for the army. The falling off in the number of cattle of these articles, I say let it be done. I have made wine may have been caused in part by the stringent laws passon both systems, and shall probably continue the same ed by the State of Massachusetts, to prevent cattle from practice, according to the variety of grape that I use. other States being brought into that State during the prevalence of the pleuro pneumonia; though I think that the large influx of western cattle into the market, during the spring and fore-part of summer, was the principal cause which kept the cattle back from that market. I will here add that the addition of spirit to the must at the time it is expressed, will partially prevent fermentation, but it does not thereby injure the good qualities of the wine, according to my experience. They who imagine that it requires neither sugar nor spirit to make grape wine that will stand the heat of our summer without injury, will seldom produce anything better than good refined cider. They may call it wine, but it can never be made to be popular and in good demand by American wine-drinkers. T. B. MINER. Clinton, N. Y. [For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] LIMING WHEAT TO DRY IT. There is but one reason that I can assign for the great disparity in the number of sheep and lambs between the two years, and that is, the sudden rise in the price of wool during the summer and fall of last year, caused those who had sheep to keep them instead of selling as they usually have done, and where it was practicable, to increase their flocks to their full capacity. There was a great demand during the fall, for store sheep and lambs to keep through the winter, in anticipation of high prices for wool this MESSRS. EDITORS—I have seen an article in the Coux-season, which up to the present time have been fully TRY GENTLEMAN, (page 91,) in regard to liming wheat to dry it, and as I have had some experience with limed wheat, I thought I would give my experience in regard to it. My experience relates to the grinding, and as far as it goes, is not favorable to the use of lime. It makes the kernel flinty-more like small gravel stones than grain, and it takes the face off a mill stone in a short time. The realized. Another cause has contributed indirectly perhaps to this result, and that is this: During the summer of 1860, a very severe drouth occurred in the western part of the State, embracing that section the most largely engaged in raising sheep, and in consequence, large numbers of them were sold and taken out of the State. Last year the crop of hay in the same section of the State was good, which made a demand for sheep to restock the farms in that vicinity, instead of there being a surplus to send off. C. T. ALVOrd. Wilmington, Vt., Aug., 1862. THE CULTIVATOR. ALBANY, N. Y., SEPTEMBER, 1862. AN EXPERIMENT IN HAY-MAKING.—A good deal of discussion has occurred at different times as to the cost of manufacturing hay with modern machinery. A few days since, we performed an experiment, using a mowing machine, old-fashioned revolving horse-rake, and Gladding's horse-fork. We report the trial made, because it was performed without any view whatever, to such a report, most of the hands being rather inexperienced, and without the superintendence of the proprietor. In most cases, farmers would drive work much more expeditiously, even for ordinary every-day business. Instead of unloading a ton of hay in five or ten minutes, twenty was more com We learn that SAMUEL M. Fox, Esq., formerly of the eminent commercial firm of Bolton, Fox & Livingston, has recently purchased the estate of the late Mrs. HENRY W. LIVINGSTON in Columbia county, four miles from the city of Hudson. He intends establishing himself as a breeder of fine stock upon this extensive farm, which in-monly consumed in this experiment. The hay was drawn cludes, we believe, from three to five hundred acres of land; and, with that view, has just bought out the entire amateur Herd of Col. LEWIS G. MORRIS. This choice collection of Short-Horns numbers twentytwo head, and was sold to Mr. Fox by Col. MORRIS, at prices which must be considered as encouraging, in view of the present unsettled condition of affairs, and the varying ages of the anmals themselves. Six of them, for example, were bull calves, and two heifer calves, making eight head dropped since the 30th of May last, and all under eight weeks old. For the whole herd of twentytwo, the prices per head ran from $350 to $700. Mr. Fox must be regarded as very fortunate in obtaining such a herd to start from; and, with the means and attention which he proposes to devote to the subject, he can hardly fail to rank hereafter among our most prominent owners and breeders of Short-Horns. As to Col. MORRIS, we scarcely know whether to congratulate him upon the brilliant result of this, his second "last appear ance on the Short-Horn stage, or to express the hope that the curtain may sometime rise again on the familiar pastures of Scarsdale and Fordham-disclosing yet other "select roans" in the foreground of the tableau, with the experienced manager himself smilingly caressing them, and sure of once more winning a storm of applause whenever he shall actually conclude to wean himself from his favorites, in a last "final benefit." PLAN OF CARRIAGE HOUSE.-The plan of a carriage, house and horse barn, from a Yates county correspondent, is well designed in every respect, with the exception of a serious objection-the stables for the horses are in a basement or cellar. Owners of horses, who desire to secure them as much as possible from the diseases and other illeffects of damp stables, have now generally discarded cellar stables. Under these circumstances it seems hardly necessary to incur the expense of engraving the plans. We may remark, however, that where there is a natural drainage effected by a deep bed or subsoil of gravel, a sufficient degree of dryness may be secured by double walls, to intercept the moisture from the earth banks. There are not many places where this essential could be secured. The plan sent us is for a building 26 by 38 feet. It has seven stalls in the basement; a carriage house, harness room, and bins for grain next above, and a hay loft over the carriage house. It is so arranged that no dust can pass from the loft to the carriage room. A shoot extends from the hay-loft to the basement for the discharge of hay, and tubes from the granaries to the basement for feeding the animals. It will be perceived that unless the basement is set well in the ground, it will make high pitching to place hay in the loft. over half a mile, which also required more time than Cost of making and drawing & tons,. $2.50 0.50 4.00 $7.00 or 874 cents per ton. The men were working by the month, at a little less than a dollar a day, and the team alone was estimated at over two dollars a day, which is more than farmers would usually allow. We think it would be safe to estimate the cost of manufacturing and storing hay, with all the contingencies of weather and accidents, at a dollar a ton as the highest; and in many instances, with the best management, it would cost but little over half this sum, by using mowing machines, horserakes and horse-forks. J. JONAS WEBB has sold out his flock of South Out of the nine Downs, and WM. SANDAY imitates the example with his 30 Shearlings... At thirteen Total. £ s. D. 749 14 0 Average. 12 Three Shears, But, aside from there having been a far smaller number sold, these prices are not up to those attained at Mr. WEBB's Sale of last year, when 208 South-Down rams went for an average of £27 14s. each. SUGGESTION TO HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES.-In offering or awarding premiums for "floral ornaments," fine flowers and neat arrangement are not enough, unless there is fitness in the use of the material composing them. We have seen temples built of roses, and in one case a flowerlady, that is, a girl wholly made up of flowers, face, arms, crinoline, and all. It should be always borne in mind that flowers should be only a decoration, not the material for solid masses. A pillar or a basket may be twined with flowers, not made of them. To erect them into solid structures, is like building a barn out of ribbons, or the arch of a bridge of point lace. Keeping pace with the increasing population, and A "Preliminary Report" on the United States with the growing demand in Europe for American bread- Census of 1860 is in preparation, which, when published, stuffs, the milling business of the United States has grown will doubtless afford a wide field for thought in every deduring the past ten years into immense proportions. The partment of industry, and in none more than in Agriculproduct of the flour and grist mills in 1850 reached a ture. A transcript of the statistics of the agriculture of value of nearly $136,000,000, while in 1860 the returns New-York has been furnished in detail for the forthexhibited a value of $223,144,369—an increase of 64 per coming volume of the Transactions of the State Agriculcent. The largest mill is in Oswego, which in 1860 pro- tural Society, and we have long been intending to call atduced 300,000 barrels of flour; the next two in Rich- tention to some of its results as regards the Farming of mond made 190,000 and 160,000 respectively; and the our State. Meantime the New-York Tribune has received fourth, in the city of New-York, ground 146,000 barrels. an advance copy of the "preliminary report" referred to, Another use for grain, of not quite so gratifying a charac- and we obtain from it the following table, showing the ter as that of grinding it into flour or meal, shows also an Agricultural Production of the whole Country, according astonishing advance. It appears from the last Census, to this and the last national census-having reference rethat in 1860, over 88,000,000 of gallons of spirituous spectively to the crops of 1859 and 1849-together with liquors were produced. The Western States made 45,- the increase which the last ten years display in the aggre000,000, and the Middle States 37,000,000 gallons whiskey gates quoted. While our population during that time alone. In 1850 the quantity of spirituous liquors produc- has advanced about 354 per cent., our production of wheat ed was 42,133,953 gallons, so that the increased manufac-"has increased 70 per cent.; of corn, more than 40; cotture is 100 per cent. The total number of gallons of proof ton, 110; dairy products, 46; value of slaughtered anispirits distilled in England, Ireland and Scotland in 1854 mals, over 90; sheep and wool, over 10; sugar from cane, -the latest figures we have-was 26,441,537. The in- nearly 30; molasses about the same; maple sugar, 14; crease in the United States of malt liquors is larger than tobacco, considerably over 100; wine, more than 700; that in spirituous liquors. The quantity made in 1860- hay, nearly 40; orchard products, over 150 per cent." including 855,803 barrels of lager beer—was 3,235,545 The table is as follows:— barrels, an increase of 175 per cent. over 1850. Mr. ROBERT SMITH, a member of the Council of the Royal Agricultural Society, publishes in the Mark Lane Express, a table of the girth in feet and inches, of nearly all the cattle and sheep to which prizes were awarded at the late Show at Battersea Park. As matter of curiosity we give the averages, in one or two classes, of the leading breeds : SHORT-HORNS-3 Aged Bulls, 3 yearling bulls..... HEREFORDS-3 Aged bulls, 4 3 yearling bulls, DEVONS-3 Aged bulls, 3 yearling bulls..... ABERDEEN-3 Aged bulls.. 3 yearling bulls...... . 5 6 5 Articles. Cheese, lbs., Animals slaughtered,.. Sheep, No., Molasses. gallons, Wine, gallons, ......... 2.751.151 211.834.532 1849. 100.485,944 592.071,104 2,445,793 1859. 171,183.381 Increase. 70.697,435 830,451,707 238.380,603 5.196.944 339,242 Orchard products, value,. $7,723,186 $19,753,361 It seems from this that the winning bulls in the aged classes were youngest in the Devons, next youngest in Short-Horns, next in Herefords, and oldest in the Aber-red to in the census returns, was not probably exported deens. The girth was largest in the Short-Horns, next largest in the Herefords, next in the Aberdeens, and smallest, as would be expected, in the Devons. Of the yearling bulls, the Short-Horns also girthed the most, the Herefords, averaging 3 months older, coming within two inches of them, and the Aberdeens in this class falling The only article showing a decrease is Beef, of which we exported 29,013 barrels, and 33,924 tierces in 1861, against 40,003 bbls. and 55,328 tierces in 1860. "The exports of flour and wheat, reduced to bushels of wheat, for 1861, makes 52,756,837 bushels, at an aggregate value of $62,959,473," says the same authority. In other words, we exported in 1861 more than one-half the total wheat crop of the country in 1849, and not far short of one-third that of 1859. The Chenango Co. Fair will be held at Norwich, Sept. 24-26. From the editorial accounts of the Illinois State and thus convey instruction to the Farmer, as well as moAg. Society's late Trial of Mowers and Reapers at Dixon, nition and encouragement to the Manufacturer. But as published in the Prairie Farmer and Rural New Yorker, | whether all this is or is not brought about, such a “fieldwe learn that it excited general interest and considerable day" cannot fail to elevate the standard demanded by the competition. The prize awards are not to be declared Farmer in the machinery he is expected to buy; and the until the State Fair takes place at Peoria. We have not present one appears also to have shown very conclusively space for anything more than a very brief notice. There that the field of invention in Reapers and Mowers is not were 17 machines entered in competition for the premiums yet exhausted; that additional progress is making in them offered for the best mower, and tested as mowers in com- with every successive year, and that the limit of improvepetition for the premium offered for the best combined ment and perfection while thus constantly drawing nearer reaper and mower, as follows: and nearer, may be still more distant in its final attain ment than some of us have hitherto been ready to suppose. 1. Wood's Two-Wheel Mower, W. A. WOOD, Hoosick Falls. N. Y. 3. The Ohio Mower, E. BALL, Canton. 0. 4. The Excelsior, CLINE, SEIBERLING & HOWER, Doyleston, O. 5. Kirby's Mower, D. M. OSBORNE & Co.. Auburn, N. Y. 6. Curtis' Cam Mower, GEO. P. CURTIS, Chicago, Ill. 7. Cayuga Chief, Senior, SHELDON & Co., Auburn, N. Y. 8. Cayuga Chiet, Junior, do. do. 9. Manny's Senior Mower, JOHN P. MANNY, Rockford, Ill. 10. do. Junior do. do. do. 11. Buckeye Senior, H. H. TAYLOR, Freeport, Ill do. 12. Buckeye Junior, do. 13. Rugg's Mower, G. H. RUGG, Ottawa, Ill. 14. Esterly's Mower, GEO. ESTERLY, Whitewater, Wis. The same machines, with the exception of two or three of the Junior mowers, were put on trial as reapers, either in competition for the premium offered for the best reaper, or for that offered for the best combined reaper and Wood's, McCormick's, Seymour & Morgan's, and Cline, Seiberling & Hower's "Excelsior," were the competing machines as self-rakers. The trial of mowers was commenced July 22d, continued the 23d, and completed Saturday the 26th, the 24th and 25th having been em mower. ployed in testing reapers, headers, and binders in the grain. THE GRAIN APHIS AGAIN IN DUCHESS COUNTY.-I notice you speak of the Aphis not appearing where he did last year, and sincerely wish we could bear you or rather Dr. FITCH out in the statement; but, unfortunately, the oat crop, which was seriously injured last year, will be damaged much more this. I do not know of a single field of that grain in this neighborhood that is not peopled with them. S. T. Thornedale, July 24. THE APHIS IN VERMONT.-In the season of 1861, the wheat midge and aphis destroyed some pieces of wheat eutirely; some of the grain was literally covered with them. While cutting my wheat, barley, and oats, I noticed they all left the grain as soon as it was cut, and the stubble and grass would be covered over with them, and thousands still crawling on the ground. This day, Aug. 11, 1862, I have examined all the grain that I have, and cannot find the first sign of the rebels. Grand Isle Co., Vt.. Aug. 11, 1862. P. K. D. has eaten the oats badly about here. Mine are scarcely GRAIN APHIS IN NEW-JERSEY, &c.-The grain aphis Corn is very backward this year. Fruits and crops of all worth threshing. Some of the neighbors have escaped. kinds but oats and clover, which were retarded by a drouth the last of April, are yielding very well. Potatoes show an occasional touch of the rot. My experience in applying coal tar to corn before planting, is the reverse of that of one of your correspondents. On the same field the untarred corn started one week or more earlier than the tarred, and has kept ahead of it. Both kinds had the same treatment otherwise. G. L. New-Brunswick, N. J. THE APHIS IN GENOA, CAYUGA Co.-The aphis will not do much injury here this season-nothing in comparison with the last year. This is in the southwest part of the being caused by this insect. Last year they were first obcounty. North and east I hear of considerable damage served on winter wheat and on barley-then spring wheat and oats-doing very much injury to late sown oats. Early sown grain of all sorts received but little damage, and if the grain arrives at a certain stage in ripening, alinconsiderable damage. The opinion is prevalent here though covered with the aphis for many days, it receives that they stay but one year in a place to do much injury, and that they are moving from one region to another. The proper way to avoid injury is to sow grain of all sorts E. A. KING. (where they are expected) very early. Perhaps the most interesting feature was the trial of the Mowers "under difficulties," that is upon a field of prairie grass, composed," says one of the accounts before us, "of upland and slough, with a very rough bottom; some parts with large bogs on the borders of the slough; some places the blue grass had fallen the year before and formed a thick mat at the bottom of the blue grass (one of the most formidable things to meet ;) other portions had been overflowed and swept down through the lowlands with the severe storm, and the grass left covered with mud and grit-in fact there was everything combined to test the machinery. There was no drawing of lots, each machine was to follow the other around, doing the best it could." All the machines were tried here, excepting Nos. 4, 13, 14 and 15, in our list above; and they all seem to have done unexpectedly well, in view of the obstacles encountered" now and then cutting off a huge tussock or clump of willows, each machine doing itself credit for its manner of work—some better than others, however—the more lighter machines being more apt to be thrown off their balance, and now and then jump over a spot of grass; the heavier machines and those with the flexible or jointed bars hugged the ground more closely and were not satis-of Agriculture, Messrs. CHRISTIE, BURNHAM, STONE and At the last meeting of the Upper Canada Board fied without the last straw." The task of deciding the DENISON were appointed Delegates to the New-York State awards will be one of no very easy nature. We believe Fair at Rochester. there are to be but two prizes, one on the Reapers, and the other on the Mowers. The Executive Committee of the State Society as we understand it, are acting as their own judges. Their awards will possess the greatest weight, if accompanied by a full and carefully prepared report, detailing the various steps by which their conclusions shall be reached, in such a manner as to throw increased light upon the requisites and efficiency of the The Susquehanna Valley Agricultural Society holds its Mower and Reaper in their present stage of development, Fair at Montrose, September 24, 25. Yorker acknowledges the receipt of two quart boxes of LARGE STRAWBERRIES.-The editor of the Rural New Triomphe de Gand strawberries, from Ellwanger & Barrythe smallest berries of which measured five inches in circumference. Fifty berries filled the two quarts. Two inches is not an unusual measurement for the longest diameter of well grown berries of this variety. Inquiries and Answers. WARTS.-How can I remove a large, flat bloody wart from a colt's knee-to cut it will injure him, and I cannot cord it. 0. A. Fayette Co., Pa. [We give Dr. Dadd's remedy:"A wart having a broad base should be treated in the following manner: Take a common suture needle, and arm it with a double ligature; each ligature is to be composed of three threads of saddler's twine, well waxed; pass the needle right through the center of the wart, close down to the skin; tie each half separately with a surgeon's knot, as tight as possible; cut the ends off pretty close to the knot, and in the course of a short time the whole will drop off. A wart having a small circumscribed pedicle may be removed in the same way, by tying a single ligature around its base. If the exposed surfaces should not heal readily, moisten them occasionally with tincture of aloes and myrrh; and if they show a disposition to ulcerate, sprinkle them with powdered charcoal and bloodroot, equal parts."] WHITE RASPBERRY-CHIP MANURE.-Would rotten chip manure be beneficial to strawberries, and young fruit trees in a nursery? Is not the American White or Yellow rasp berry worthy of cultivation? We found some plants in an old field several years ago, and transplanted some of them into our garden, where they seem to do well. They are a large as the Black Cap, which we procured from Mr. Doolittle of Oaks' Corners, N. Y. The bushes are very full of berries, which are just ripening. F. A. F. [Chip manure may be valuable, useless, or hurtful, according to circumstances. If old and well rotted, it will be useful in all soils that are improved by the addition of vegetable matter, if well worked in and intermixed. On a hard clayey soil, it may serve to loosen it, even if fresher and not rotted. The same treatment would injure a light soil. Chips, if not coarse, may serve as a good mulching for newly transplanted trees. a general rule, for all purposes, use it if fine and rotted, discard it if fresh and coarse. The "American White Raspberry" was formerly considerably cultivated, but has of late years given way to ranker growers which multiply more readily. We think it worthy of attention, and know of no sort with so agreeable a flavor.] As ROT IN CHERRIES -Can you tell me of any way to prevent cherries rotting on the tree, mine have rotted badly? B. C. [It is the result of wet and warm weather. By planting the trees where there will be a free circulation of air the evil will be lessened, but the best way is to select such varieties as are least liable to rot. High flavored, rather acid sorts are least HARD SOAP. I have made a domestic experiment which threatens to be a failure unless you will be good enough to give some counsel. Ten pounds of washing soda had been used in making hard soap. To the residuum, (yet standing in the large vessel in which it had been dissolved,) was added five or six pails of water, which settled perfectly clean, and was used instead of soft water to wet ashes set up to leach, and the lye thus procured, (with ten pounds of potash,) was used in an attempt to manufacture soft soap, which has re-affected, and sweet varieties most-as a general rule. The sulted in an unacceptable approximation to hard soap. S. D. [There was still too much soda held by the water in solution -the only "counsel" we can give is to avoid the soda in future for soft soap] RATES OF WAGES-WHERE TO GO?-Having been a constant reader of your paper these last two or three years, and seeing in them lately letters from various correspondents containing advice about "how to get a farm," I would beg leave to take your attention for a few moments on this important subject. I with a considerable number of other Canadians in these parts intend coming over to the "States" this fall-all of us with a determination to make homes for ourselves. We all of us understand more or less of farming, though we are entirely bare of capital to go and buy farms with, and what we wish to know is, in what part can we get this capital quickest? Of course we all know that hard work alone will be the surest way of getting it, and what we wish to ask is, would you or any of your correspondents inform us whether it would be more advisable to go to the Western or newly settled states, or the Eastern-also the Iates of wages given to farm laborers, together with the kind of agreement usually made for working farms on shares? L. W. London, Canada West. [These inquiries are evidently made in good faith, and we hope some of our correspondents will reply.] . Black Tartarian, which is almost free from any acidity, which bears profusely, and the fruit of which is commonly shaded by heavy foliage, retains moisture a long time, and is very spreading beads, are less liable. Sour cherries, such as the apt to rot. Elton and Governor Wood, which have open Early Richmond, Belle de Sceaux, and common pie cherry, scarcely ever rot, even in weeks of wet weather. The more acid heart varieties, such as Dr. Kirtland's Red Jacket and Tecumseh, do not rot so readily as most heart cherries. These being hardy trees, they are likely to prove valuable for marfruits. The cherry currant, for example, is too sour to suit keting. The same rule holds true with many other small most palates, but is preferred by some cultivators on account of its hanging long on the bush, its sourness preventing rotting, and its size shrivelling.] PEACH-LEAVED CAMPANULA.-The plant sent by "Constant Reader," judging from the meagre and injured specimen, is the white variety of Campanula persicifolia, a commonly cultivated and handsome perennial. There are some of the many species of this genus that have not bell-shaped flowers, but most, and those especially from which the name was given, have this form. and shrubs.] have supposed that the ring which is merely inserted in the nose, and not through the flesh, the best, as being more humane-what does experience say?] TREATISE ON SHRUBS.--Please inform your readers what is the best descriptive work upon ornamental shrubs and FRUIT-TREES FOR THE NORTH-Where is the nearest re- oblige A SUBSCRIBER. [There is no good work on the subliable nursery from which one could procure fruit-trees likely ject. Perhaps the best small work is Breck's Book of Flowto do well in this cold climate? I bought some of a New-ers, one-third of which is devoted to some account of trees York nurseryman, with others of this place, a few years since, and but very few of the trees are now alive. All the old or- RINGING BULLS.-Is it considered advisable to ring bulls? chards that a few years since looked well, (treatment and Does the operation have a tendency to make the animal more climate considered,) are fast dying. Are there any very docile and tractable, or is the ring inserted merely for the hardy and good varieties that would be likely to succeed in purpose of easy leading? How is the operation performed, this part of the State, and farther north? And do you know and what is the proper age? B. A. Rock Spring, Penn. of an eastern nursery as far north as this? J. H. F. White-[Will some of our large cattle raisers give their views? We field, Coos Co., N. H., July 15. [It is of less importance to obtain the trees from a northern nursery than to procure hardy varieties. A tree, properly grown in Southern Pennsylvania, on a dry soil of moderate fertility, with well-ripened wood, may be more suitable for Northern New-Hampshire, than one grown in New-Hampshire itself and over-fed with manure, and with a late succulent growth. Vigorous, hardy trees, with the shoots fully matured and hardened, are better than feeble and stunted ones; and a dry soil effects such ripening more perfectly than a wet or moist one. Among northern nurserymen, we may name John W. Adams of Portland, and S. L. Goodale of Saco, Maine; R. T. Robinson of Ferrisburgh, Vermont; and John W. Bailey of Plattsburghall of whom, we doubt not, are reliable, and understand the wants of the far north. Among harby varieties of the apple, we would name Red Astrachan, Sops of Wine, Oldenburgh. Autumn Strawberry, Fall Orange, Fameuse, Winesap, St. Lawrence, and Jonathan. Among hardy pears, are Flemish Beauty, Buffum, Fulton, Urbaniste, Lawrence, &c. If the trees grow on dry bottom, and growth be given to them by good cultivation, and if in addition, shelter be provided against cutting winds, they may succeed well.] YELLOW CLOVER-The plant forwarded by "Young Inquirer" of South Berwick, Maine, is the yellow clover, an introduced plant of little value, and generally regarded as a weed. forest, and have been peeling the willow by hand; finding PEELING WILLOW RY MACHINERY.-We have a willow FOOT AIL-A remedy for foot ail is inquired for in THE CULTIVATOR, and I would prescribe as a sure remedy, spirits of salts, (muriatic acid.) A teaspoonful, applied to the diseased parts once in two or three days, for half a dozen times, will cure its worst form, and a single application taken in season, will often be enough. Farmers, please try it, and let |