MOORE, (EDWARD,) the son of a dissenting minister, was born at Abingdon, in 1712, and educated at Bridgewater. Being designed for trade, he was apprenticed to a linen-draper, in London; and, after having passed some years in the capacity of factor, in Ireland, returned to the metropolis, and entered into a partnership, which was, however, soon dissolved. He now quitted trade, and, devoting himself to literature, published a variety of works, which have gained for his name a permanent reputation. He died in February, 1757, leaving a widow, and an only son, whose education and support were undertaken by Lord Chesterfield. This nobleman, together with Horace Walpole and others, assisted Mr. Moore in the periodical paper, commenced by him, called The World, the last number of which was published on the day of his death. He is, however, principally eminent as the author of the tragedy of The Gamester, and of his Fables for the Female Sex, to whom the morality which they inculcate is peculiarly appropriate, besides being sprightly and ingenious in their composition. He also wrote a tale, entitled Envy and Fortune; and the comedies of The Foundling and Gil Blas; for the production of which, upon the stage, he was indebted rather to the friendship of Garrick, than to their own merit. Although the subject of our memoir defended Lord Lyttleton's political character, in a poein, entitled The Trial of Selim the Persian, and dedicated a collection of his works to the Duke of Newcastle, he received no patronage; but lived, says Dr. Aikin, on the verge of that indigence, which is generally the lot of those who trust to their pen alone for a subsistence. FRANCIS, (PHILIP.) born about the year 1712, was the son of the Dean of Lismore, and rector of St. Mary's, Dublin, where the subject of our memoir was educated for the church. After having taken orders, he came to England, and fixed his residence at Esher, in Surrey, where he took pupils, and had, among others, the celebrated Gibbon, He obtained, subsequently, the degree of LL. D., and was, through the influence of Lord Holland, presented to the rectory of Barrow, in Suffolk, and made chaplain of Chelsea Hospital. As an author, he is principaily known by his excellent poetical translation of Horace; but he also wrote two tragedies, entitled Eugenia, and Constantia, both of which were unsuccessful; and published a translation, from the Greek, of the orations of Demosthenes and Eschines. He died in 1773. GLOVER, (RICHARD,) the son of a merchant, was born in London, in 1712; and, after having received a liberal education, commenced trade, devoting much of his time, also, to literature. His marriage with a lady of fortune, in 1737, enabled him to follow his inclination more fully; and, in the same year, he published his poem of Leonidas, which quickly went through three editions. This was followed by two political poems, entitled London, or the Progress of Commerce, and Hosier's Ghost; and he was, shortly afterwards, selected, by the merchants of London, to conduct their application to parliament on the subject of the neglect of their trade; on which occasion he is said to have addressed the house of commons in a very admirable speech. In 1744, he was left the sum of £500, to write, jointly with Mallet, the Life of the Duke of Marlborough; but he never received the bequest, and probably declined his share of the task. About this time, he became embarrassed in his circumstances, and lived, in consequence, in retirement; but economy, and a present, it is said, of £500, from Frederick, Prince of Wales, soon retrieved his affairs. In 1751, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the chamberlainship of London; and, in 1753, his tragedy of Boadicea was acted, with applause, at Drury Lane. His tragedy of Medea, though published in 1761, was not acted till 1767, when it was very favourably received. In the interval, he had been elected member of parliament for Weymouth, and took a very active part in mercantile questions, particularly in behalf of the West India merchants, who presented him with plate of the value of £300. He died on the 25th of November, 1785, leaving behind him, in manuscript, some tragedies and comedies, and a poem called The Atheniad, which was published in APPENDIX. 1788. The reputation of Mr. Glover, who was one of those to whom the letters of Junius were attributed, rests chiefly upon his Leonidas, a poem of great merit, but deficient in interest and imagination. WHITEHEAD, (WILLIAM,) the son of a baker, in Cambridge, was born in 1715, and received his education at Winchester School, and Clare Hall, Cambridge; of which he became a fellow in 1742. He had, in the previous year, published, after the manner of Pope, An Epistle on the Danger of Writing Verse, which, together with some subsequent poetical productions, were so favourably received, that he gave up his intention of going into the church, and accepted the situation of tutor to the eldest son of the Earl of Jersey. In 1750, he produced a tragedy founded upon the Horace of Corneille, which was acted with great applause at Drury Lane. His Creusa met with similar success in 1754; about which time, he proceeded, with his pupil, to the continent, and remained abroad for two years. he found himself appointed, through On his return, the interest of Lady Jersey, secretary and register of the order of the Bath; and, in 1757, he succeeded Cibber as poet laureate. "No court poet," says biographer, Mason, ever had fewer courtly strains;" yet their merit did not protect Whitehead from the satire of Churchill. The subject of our memoir, who published, in addition, to the works before-mentioned, a comedy, called The School for Lovers, Ode to the Tiber, and other pieces, died, much respected and beloved, in April, 1785; fourteen years of the latter part of his life having been passed in the family of the Earl of Jersey. As a poet, Whitehead held a rank between mediocrity and excellence; below the one, but above the other, he makes no display of commanding genius, whilst few excel him in elegant correctness and polished ease. HILL, (Sir JOHN,) the son of a clergyman at Peterborough, was born about 1716, and practised as an apothecary in St. Martin's Lane till employed by the Duke of Richmond and Lord Petre, to manage the Botanical Gardens. After making a botanical tour, at the For physic and farces, his rival there scarce is; about the year 1716; studied at Christ- of Shiplake, Oxfordshire. Further preferment he neither obtained nor aspired to, if we may judge by the following passage in the dedication to Horace Walpole of his Biographical History of England:-"My name and person,' he says, "are known to few, as I had the good fortune to retire early to independence, obscurity, and content. My lot is indeed humble, so are my wishes." The history above-mentioned, which was published, in four quarto volumes, in 1769, and has since gone through two or three editions in octavo, has been continued by the Rev. Mark Noble. The work was deservedly popular, though some siderable characters are swelled into very inconundeserved importance as appendices, and some very poor engravings are amongst the heads that accompany the memoirs, which are, however, sketched with spirit, discrimination, and impartiality. In 1772, Mr. Granger evidenced his humanity and eccentricity, by the publication of a sermon, entitled An Apology for the Brute Creation, dedicated to "T. B., as the severest exerciser of the lash, and most profane swearer he had known." On Sunday, the 14th of April, 1776, he was struck with apoplexy, whilst in the act of administering the sacrament, and died the following day. He is said to have left behind him a collection of fourteen thousand portraits. CARTER, (ELIZABETH,) the daughter of a clergyman, at Deal, in Kent, was born there on the 16th of December, 1717, and was educated by her father, who, at first, from the slowness of her faculties, despaired of her progress in intellectual attainments. She, however, pursued her studies with such perseverance, that, in a short time, she overcame all her difficulties, and became mistress, successively, of Latin, Greek, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Hebrew. As early as 1736, some of her poems had appeared in The Gentleman's Magazine; and, in 1738, a quarto pamphlet of her poetical productions was published by Cave. In 1739, she gave a translation of The Critique of Crousaz on Pope's Essay on Man, and of Algarotti's Explanation of Newton's Philosophy, for the Use of the Ladies, VOL. III. 537 among the literati, both at home and which procured her a high reputation abroad. About 1741, she became acquainted with Miss Catherine Talbot, and Secker (afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury), under whose encouragement she composed her celebrated peared in quarto, in 1752. It was pubtranslation of Epictetus, which apfished, by subscription, at the price of one guinea, and is said to have produced to the authoress £1,000. Her great acquisitions and intellectual powers had already procured for her the friendship and admiration of some of the most eminent men of letters of the day, and, in 1763, she accompanied Lord (afterwards Bishop of Salisbury), on a Bath, Mrs. Montagu, and Dr. Douglas tour to Spa. from this time, she lost, successively, In the space of ten years her friends Lord Bath, Archbishop having arrived, says her biographer, Secker, Miss Talbot, and her father; stealing from her some intimate friend "at a time of life, when every year was or dear relation." In 1782, at the reallowed her an annuity of £150 per quest of Sir William Pulteney, who annum, she accompanied his daughter to Paris; and, in 1791, she had the honour, by her majesty's express desire, of an interview with Queen Charlotte. She also, subsequently, received visits from several of the royal family, and continued to be held in great repuattract public notice as a writer. She tation, long after she had ceased to died, highly respected and esteemed by lived to the age of eighty-eight, and a numerous circle of friends, on the 19th of February, 1806. In 1807, were pub lished Memoirs of her Life, with a new edition of her poems, &c., together with Notes on the Bible, and Answers to Objections concerning the Christian Religion, by the Rev. Montague Pennington; and, in 1808, her correslished, in two volumes, octavo. pondence with Miss Talbot was pubintellectual qualities of Mrs. Carter The but she possessed sound sense, vigour were neither dazzling nor commanding; of thought, and indefatigable applicasentiment, which sometimes rises to the tion. Elegance of style and purity of sublime, are the chief characteristics of less celebrated than for her learning. her poetry; for which, however, she is YYY HENRY, (ROBERT,) the son of a farmer, in Scotland, was born there on the 18th of February, 1718, and was educated at the grammar-school of Stirling, and the University of Edinburgh. He was master of the grammarschool at Annan till 1748, when he became minister to a presbyterian congregation at Carlisle, and held the same situation at Berwick, from 1760 till 1768, when he was appointed to officiate at New Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh. After having taken his degree of D.D. he was, in 1774, chosen moderator of the general assembly, and succeeded as joint minister to the old church in 1776. His death, accelerated, possibly, by the circumstances related in our memoir of Gilbert Stuart, occurred in 1790. As an author, the reputation of Dr. Henry is sustained by his History of England, in six quarto volumes, down to the time of Henry the Eighth. It has gone through several editions, and is said to have produced its author £3,300 for his copyright, besides an annuity of £100 from the crown. Our author, whose private character was highly estimable, also published a translation of Goquet's Origin of Laws, in three octavo volumes. THICKNESSE, (PHILIP,) the son of a clergyman, was born at Farthingoe, in Northamptonshire, on the 10th of August, 1719. After being a short time at Westminster School, he was apprenticed to an apothecary; and, in 1735, he accompanied General Oglethorpe to the new settlement of Georgia. Returning, in 1737, he obtained a commission in the army, and served for some time in the West Indies; and, in 1741, when he appears to have been in the marines, he married the daughter of a French refugee, in the hope of obtaining a large fortune, in which, however, he was disappointed. Becoming a widower in 1759, he married, a few months afterwards, Lady Elizabeth Touchet, the heiress of the Audley family, who brought him a fortune; out of which he purchased the office of lieutenant-governor of Landguard Fort. This lady, with whom he did not live happily, died in 1762; and, about a year afterwards, he took a third wife, in the person of Miss Ford, the daughter of a solicitor, in London. He now turned his attention to literary pursuits, and published, in succession, besides some letters and pamphlets, Manmidwifery Analyzed; Proceedings of a Court Martial; and A Narrative of what passed with Sir Henry Erskine; all in quarto. In 1766, he made a tour to France, of which he published an account; and, upon his return to England, he resided in Wales and at Bath. The unsuccessful termination of a chancery suit respecting the property of his first wife, induced him, a second time, to leave England, in 1775, when he visited Spain, and other parts of the continent, and remained two years abroad. In 1777, he published an account of his journey, and removed to Bath, where he produced The New Year's Bath Guide, The Valetudinarian's Bath Guide, A Year's Journey through the Pays Bas and Austrian Netherlands, Sketch of the Life of Thomas Gainsborough, and memoirs of his own life. In 1790, he visited Paris; and, in 1792, had proceeded as far as Boulogne, on his way to the former place, for the third time, when he expired suddenly in his carriage, on the 19th of November. He had children by all his wives, and was survived by his last, a lady who gained some éclat by the publication of a novel, called The School of Fashion, and her Biographical Sketches of Literary Females of the French Nation. Mr. Thicknesse, by his eccentricities, and personal, rather than literary, controversies, became an object of much notoriety in his time; but his works are now deservedly forgotten, or read only as a matter of gossip and curiosity. He is said to have assisted the Duchess of Kingston in her altercation with Foote, who remarked, with more asperity than truth," that he had the stupidity of an owl, the vulgarity of a blackguard, the obdurate heart of an assassin, and the cowardice of a dung-hill cock." HAWKINS, (Sir JOHN,) the son of a builder and surveyor, was born in London, in 1719. He was educated for the profession of a solicitor, which he for some years practised, at the same time writing for the periodical press. Whilst still a young man, he was the friend and associate of the celebrated Dr. Samuel Johnson, of whose club he became a member in 1749. Having been appointed the doctor's executor, he was employed by the booksellers to draw up a memoir of his deceased friend, to accompany a posthumous edition of his works; but neither in the capacity of editor or biographer does he appear to advantage. He was, in consequence, severely handled by the critics, and by Peter Pindar in particular; and his labours are now only remembered to be ridiculed. In 1765, he was chosen chairman of the Middlesex quarter sessions; knighted in 1772; and died on the 21st of May, 1789. Besides writing his life of Johnson, he contributed some notes to Johnson and Steevens's famous edition of Shakspeare, and edited a new edition of Isaac Walton's Complete Angler. He also published Observa tions on the Highways, and A History of the Science and Practice of Music, in five volumes, quarto, which cost him several years' labour and research, and may be looked upon as an authority in such matters. He left a son and a daughter by his wife, a lady of fortune, to whom he was united in 1753. MONTAGUE, (ELIZABETH,) the daughter of Matthew Robinson, Esq., was born at York, on the 2nd of November, 1720. Her early years were passed at Cambridge, where she derived great advantage, in the progress of her education, from the assistance of Dr. Conyers Middleton, the second husband of her grandmother. In 1742, she married Edward Montague, Esq., member of parliament for Huntingdon, and became a widow, in 1775, with no children; but, having a handsome fortune, she was enabled to gratify her taste for study, and literary and fashionable society, to the fullest extent. first production formed part of Lord Lyttleton's Dialogues of the Dead; and was followed by her classical and truly elegant Essay on the Genius and Writings of Shakspeare, compared with the Greek and French Dramatic Poets. About the same time, she gained additional éclat by opening her house to a literary society, called The Blue Stocking Club; so named from the appearance of one of its members in blue stockings. She is, however, chiefly celebrated for her correspondence, pub Her lished in several volumes after her death, which took place, at her house in Portman Square, on the 25th of August, 1800. Mrs. Montague possessed a profound understanding and lively fancy, whilst her taste and judgment were both correct and severe. She was intimate with all the most eminent literati of her day, particularly with Lord Lyttleton and Gilbert West, who are said to have had great influence over her mind in keeping it steady to the principles of Christianity. In private life, she was an example of liberal discretion and rational benevolence. It was at her house that an annual entertainment was given, on May-day, to all the climbing boys and chimney-sweepers' apprentices in the metropolis. Cowper said of her Essay on Shakspeare, "The learning, the good sense, the sound judgment, and the wit displayed in it, fully justify, not only my compliment, but all compliments that either have been already paid to her talents or shall be paid hereafter." BRYANT, (JACOB,) was born at Plymouth, about the year 1720, and completed his education at King's College, Cambridge, where he graduated M. A., in 1744. In 1756, the Duke of Marlborough, who had been one of his pupils, gave him a place in the ordnance department, and he afterwards accompanied his patron to Germany, in the capacity of secretary. On his return, he settled at Cypenham, near Windsor, where he devoted the remainder of his life to literature, refusing to accept the post of master of the Charter-house, lest it might interfere with his favourite pursuit. He died in November, 1804, leaving behind him, among other works, Observations and Inquiries relating to various parts of Ancient History; A Treatise on the Truth of Christianity; and his principal production, A New System, or Analysis of Ancient Mythology, in three volumes. This work procured the author considerable reputation; but, though generally admired, was severely animadverted upon by a number of critical opponents, to whose strictures he certainly laid himself open, by producing arguments drawn from the oriental languages, with which he is said to have been little acquainted. Mr. Bryant, who was fond of employing his |