the heads of the faction and the train; though neither be faultless, yet one is plagued, the other forgiven. Bp. Hall's Contemplations.

By some needful act, to put a present restraint upon the wild and lawless courses of all their factious combinations abroad, and enterprises of this kind.

Bp. Hall. Some busy factionists of the meaner sort. Id. They remained at Newbury in great faction among themselves. Clarendon. Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble; and harangues are heard; but soon In factious opposition. Milton's Paradise Lost. How from dissensions in opinion do violent factions and feuds rage!

Barrow.

FACTION, in antiquity, a name given to the different companies of combatants in the circus. They were four; viz. the white, the red, the green, and the blue; to which Domitian added another of purple color. They were so denominated from the color of the liveries they wore; and were dedicated, according to M. Aur. Cassiodorus, to the four seasons of the year; the green being consecrated to spring, the red to summer, the white to autumn, and the blue to winter. It appears from ancient inscriptions, that each faction had its procurators and physician; and, from history, that party rage ran so high among them, that, in a dissension between two factions, in the time of Justinian, almost 40,000 men lost their lives in the quarrel.

FACTITIOUS, adj. Lat. factitius, from facio, to make. See FACTION. Made by art.

In the making and distilling of soap, by one degree of fire the salt, the water, and the oil or grease, whereof that factitious concrete is made up, being boiled up together, are easily brought to co-operate.

FACTOR, n. s. FACTORAGE, FACTORY. agent: factorage is his commission, or charge, for the business done. A factory is a house of business; a place where any thing is made; and figuratively, but more commonly, the collective body of merchants in a given place.

Fr. facteur; Lat. factory (à facio). One who does business for another; an

Take on you the charge

And kingly government of this your land;
Not as protector, steward, substitute,
Or lowly factor for another's gain.

Shakspeare. Richard III.
The senators alone of this great world,
Chief factors for the gods.

Id. Antony and Cleopatra. We agreed that I should send up an English factor, that whatsoever the island could yield should be delivered at a reasonable rate. Raleigh's Apology.

The Scots had good intelligence, having some factors doubtless at this mart, albeit they did not openly trade. Hayward. Forced into exile from his rightful throne, He made all countries where he came his own; And viewing monarch's secret arts of sway, A royal factor for their kingdoms lay. Dryden. Vile arts and restless endeavours are used by some sly and venomous factors for the old republican cause. South.

Asleep and naked as an Indian lay,
An honest factor stole a gem away:
He pledged to the knight; the knight had wit,
So kept the diamond, and the rogue was bit. Pope.
And, disclaiming all regard

For mercy, and the common rights of man,
Build factories with blood, conducting trade
At the sword's point, and dyeing the white robe
Of innocent commercial Justice red. Cowper.

In the road of commerce,' said he, you will be sure, by diligence and assiduity, though you have no capital, of so far succeeding as to be employed as a factor.

Franklin.

FACTORS are employed by merchants residing at other places, to buy or sell goods, negociate bills, &c., on their account; and are entitled to a certain allowance for their trouble. A supercargo differs from a factor in this: the business of the former is limited to the care of a particular cargo; he goes along with it, and generally returns when his business is completed: the latter has a fixed residence, and executes commissions for different merchants. A factor's power is either absolute or limited. Though entrusted with ample discretionary powers, he is not warranted to take unreasonable or unusual measures, or do any thing contrary to his employer's interest; but it is incumbent on the employer, if he challenge his proceedings, to prove that he could have done better, and was guilty of wilful mismanagement. When a factor's power is limited, he must adhere strictly to his orders. If he exceed his power, though with a view to

They who have studied have not only learned many excellent things, but also have acquired a great facility of profiting themselves by reading good authors. Id.

"Tis a great error to take facility for good nature; tenderness without discretion, is no better than a more pardonable folly. L'Estrange.

The facility which we get of doing things, by a custom of doing, makes them often pass in us without Locke. our notice.

He opens and yields himself to the man of business with difficulty and reluctancy; but offers himself to the visits of a friend with facility, and all the meeting readiness of appetite and desire. South.

This may at first seem perplexed with many difficulties, yet many things may be suggested to make it Wilkins. more facile and commodious.

Some men are of that facile temper, that they are wrought upon by every object they converse with, whom any affectionate discourse, or serious sermon, or any notable accident, shall put into a fit of religion, which yet usually lasts no longer than till somewhat else comes in their way. Calamy. What produceth a due quantity of animal spirits, necessarily facilitates the animal and natural motions.

Arbuthnot on Diet.

FACING, FAÇADE, or Revêtement, in fortification, is a strong wall of masonry, or other binding, built on the outside of the rampart and parapet, to prevent the soil of which they are composed giving way. When the revêtement of a rampart goes quite up to the top, four feet of the upper part is a vertical wall of three feet thick, with a square stone at the top of it, projecting about five or six inches, and a circular one below, or where the slope begins, of eight or ten inches diameter. When the facing is carried up as high as the soles of the embrasures, it is called a whole revêtement; but, when confined to the ditch only, it is termed a half-revêtement. These must depend on the nature of the soil, the facility of obtaining materials, the time that can be bestowed, the importance of the post, &c. Where difficulties occur, as also in temporary works, the facings are made with turf; in which case they are said to be gazoned.

FACIN'OROUS, adj. Lat. facinus, facinoris, from facio, to do, used both in a good and bad sense for great actions, but more commonly the latter. Extreme: extremely bad, or wicked.

"Tis strange, 'tis very strange, that is the brief and tedious of it; and he's of a most facinorous spirit that will not acknowledge it. Shakspeare.

FACT, n. s. Fr. fait; Lat. factum, from facio, factus, to do. A thing or effect accomplished: reality, as opposed to fiction or speculation; action; deed.

In matter of fact they say there is some credit to be given to the testimony of man; but not in matter of opinion and judgment: we see the contrary both acknowledged and universally practised all throughout the world.

Hooker.

As men are not to mistake the causes of these operations, so much less are they to mistake the fact or effect, and rashly to take that for done which is not done. Bacon.

Those effects which are wrought by the percussion of the sense, and by things in fact, are produced likewise in some degree by the imagination: therefore if a man see another eat sour or acid things, which set the teeth on edge, that object tainteth the imagination. Bacon's Natural History.

I see the Levites, not long since, drawing their swords for God and Moses, against the rest of Israel; and that fact wins them both praise and blessing. Bp. Hall's Contemplations.

Unhappy man! to break the pious laws
Of nature, pleading in his children's cause :
Howe'er the doubtful fact is understood,
'Tis love of honour and his country's good;
The consul, not the father, sheds the blood.

Dryden. Matter of fact breaks out and blazes with too great an evidence to be denied. South's Sermons. Manifold sins, though in speculation they may be separable from war, in reality and fact never fail to attend it. Smalridge. If this were true in fact, I do not see any colour for such a conclusion. Addison on the War. It is a point of fact on which every English gentleman will determine for himself. Junius.

The facts which inspired writers relate are no less instructive than the doctrines which they teach.

Shakspeare. Id.

Be factious for redress of all these griefs. There be that can pack the cards, and yet cannot play well so there are some that are good in canvasses and factions, that are otherwise weak men.

Lord Bacon. By the weight of reason I should counterpoise the overbalancing of any factions. King Charles. Factious tumults overbore the freedom and honour of the two houses. Id.

I intended not only to oblige my friends, but mine enemies also: exceeding even the desires of those that were factiously discontented.

Id.

God and Moses knew how o distinguish betwixt

;

the heads of the faction and the train; though neither be faultless, yet one is plagued, the other forgiven. Bp. Hall's Contemplations.

By some needful act, to put a present restraint upon the wild and lawless courses of all their factious combinations abroad, and enterprises of this kind.

Bp. Hall. Some busy factionists of the meaner sort. Id. They remained at Newbury in great faction among themselves. Clarendon. Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble; and harangues are heard; but soon In factious opposition. Milton's Paradise Lost. How from dissensions in opinion do violent factions and feuds rage!

Barrow.

FACTION, in antiquity, a name given to the different companies of combatants in the circus. They were four; viz. the white, the red, the green, and the blue; to which Domitian added another of purple color. They were so denominated from the color of the liveries they wore; and were dedicated, according to M. Aur. Cassiodorus, to the four seasons of the year; the green being consecrated to spring, the red to summer, the white to autumn, and the blue to winter. It appears from ancient inscriptions, that each faction had its procurators and physician; and, from history, that party rage ran so high among them, that, in a dissension between two factions, in the time of Justinian, almost 40,000 men lost their lives in the quarrel.

FACTITIOUS, adj. Lat. factitius, from facio, to make. See FACTION. Made by art.

In the making and distilling of soap, by one degree of fire the salt, the water, and the oil or grease, whereof that factitious concrete is made up, being boiled up together, are easily brought to co-operate.

Take on you the charge

And kingly government of this your land;
Not as protector, steward, substitute,
Or lowly factor for another's gain.

Shakspeare. Richard III.
The senators alone of this great world,
Chief factors for the gods.

Id. Antony and Cleopatra. We agreed that I should send up an English factor, that whatsoever the island could yield should be delivered at a reasonable rate. Raleigh's Apology.

The Scots had good intelligence, having some factors doubtless at this mart, albeit they did not openly trade. Hayward. Forced into exile from his rightful throne, He made all countries where he came his own; And viewing monarch's secret arts of sway, A royal factor for their kingdoms lay. Dryden. Vile arts and restless endeavours are used by some sly and venomous factors for the old republican cause. South.

Asleep and naked as an Indian lay,
An honest factor stole a gem away:
He pledged to the knight; the knight had wit,
So kept the diamond, and the rogue was bit. Pope.
And, disclaiming all regard

For mercy, and the common rights of man,
Build factories with blood, conducting trade
At the sword's point, and dyeing the white robe
Of innocent commercial Justice red. Cowper.

In the road of commerce,' said he, you will be sure, by diligence and assiduity, though you have no capital, of so far succeeding as to be employed as a factor.

Franklin.

FACTORS are employed by merchants residing at other places, to buy or sell goods, negociate bills, &c., on their account; and are entitled to a certain allowance for their trouble. A supercargo differs from a factor in this: the business of the former is limited to the care of a particular cargo; he goes along with it, and generally returns when his business is completed: the latter has a fixed residence, and executes commissions for different merchants. A factor's power is either absolute or limited. Though entrusted with ample discretionary powers, he is not warranted to take unreasonable or unusual measures, or do any thing contrary to his employer's interest; but it is incumbent on the employer, if he challenge his proceedings, to prove that he could have done better, and was guilty of wilful mismanagement. When a factor's power is limited, he must adhere strictly to his orders. If he exceed his power, though with a view to

his employer's interest, he is liable for the consequence. For example, if he gives credit when not empowered, or long credit if not empowered, for the sake of a better price, and the buyer proves insolvent, he is liable for the debt. A factor has no power to give credit unless authorised but if the goods consigned be generally sold on credit at the 'ar of consignation, the factor will be vindicat selling at the usual credit, unless express icted. Although opinion will never just... actor for departing from orders, necessity sometimes will. If he be limited not to sell goods under a certain price, and the goods be perishable, and not in situation for being kept, he may sell them, to prevent their destruction, even under the price limited. A factor is never warranted to deal on trust, except with persons in good credit at the time. If the employer challenge the debtors, it is incumbent on him to prove that their bad circumstances were known at the time of sale; and the factor will be vindicated, if he trusted them at the same time for goods of his own. If the factor sell his employer's goods on trust, and, after the day of payment is elapsed, receive payment from the purchaser for a debt of his own, he becomes liable in equity for the debt. In case of bankruptcy, the factor ought immediately to lay attachments, and advise his employers; and he cannot withdraw his attachments, nor compound debts without orders. If a factor sells goods belonging to different merchants to the same person, and the buyer proves insolvent, they shall bear the loss in equal proportions; and, if the buyer has paid part before his insolvency, with out specifying for which, the payment ought to be distributed in equal proportions; but, if the days of payment be fixed, and part of the debts only due, the payment ought to be applied, in the first place, to such debts as were due. If he makes a wrong entry at the custom-house, and the goods be seized in consequence thereof, he must bear the loss, unless the error be occasioned by a mistake in the invoice, or letter of advice. The owner bears the loss of goods seized, when attempted to be smuggled by his orders: but the factor complying with an unlawful order, is liable in such penalties as the laws exact. If a factor saves the duty of goods due to a foreign prince, he shall have the benefit; for, if detected, he bears the loss. If a factor sells goods bought by his employer's orders for his own advantage, the employer may recover the benefit, and the factor shall be amerced for the same. If a factor receives bad money in payment, he bears the loss; but if the value of the money be lessened by the government, the employer bears the loss. A factor is not liable for goods spoiled, robbed, or destroyed by fire. If a factor receives counterfeit jewels from his employer, and sells them, the employer is liable to indemnify him for any penalties he may incur. If a factor be ordered to make insurance, and neglect it, and the subject be lost, he is liable to make it good, providing he had effects in his hands. If a factor buys goods for his employer, his bargain shall be binding on the employer. Factors having obtained a profit for their employers, ought to be very cautious how they dispose of it; for if they

act without commission, they are responsible: and even in the case of a merchant remitting goods to his factor, and some time after drawing a bill on him, which the factor, having effects in his hands, is supposed to accept, if the merchant fails, the goods are seized in the factor's hands, for behoof of the creditors, and the factor, it has been thought, must answer the bill notwithstanding, and only rank as a creditor for the sum, which, by his acceptance of the bill, he was obliged to pay. In case of a factor's insolvency, the owner may reclaim his goods; and, if they be sold on trust, the owner (and not the factor's creditors) shall recover payment of the debts. The above is principally applicable to factors residing abroad, and acting for merchants, or to supercargoes going a voyage to dispose of a cargo, and afterwards returning with another to their employers; but it is likewise the practice of merchants of the greatest credit in the commercial world, to act mutually as factors for each other. The business thus executed is called commission-business, and is generally desirable by all merchants, provided they have always effects in their custody, as a security for such matters as they transact, for the account of others. Those who trade extensively in this manner, have current as well as commission accounts, constantly between them; and draw on, remit to, and send commissions to each other, only by the intercourse of letters, which, among men of honor, are as obligatory and authoritative as all the bonds and ties of law.

In some

Factotum here, Sir. FACTURE, n. s. ner of making any thing.

There is no doubt but that the facture or framing, is as full of difference as the outward [parts.]

Bacon.

that the best telescopes discover nothing of the matter, agree entirely to explode the phenomena of faculæ; and attribute the cause of these appearances to the tremulous agitation of the vapors near our earth. Dr. Hutton concludes that the faculæ are not eructations of fire and

flame, but refractions of the sun's rays in the rarer exhalations, which, being condensed, seem to exhibit a light greater than that of the sun.' FACULTY, n. s. Fr. faculté; Ital. facolta; Span. faculdad; Lat. facultas, from facio, to do. The power of doing any thing mechanical or mental: hence skill; dexterity; excellence; quality; power; authority or privilege: a company of skilful or eminent men in any of the professions.

There is no kind of faculty or power in man, or any creature, which can rightly perform the functions allotted to it without perpetual aid and concurrence of Hooker. that supreme cause of all things.

Law hath set down to what persons, in what causes, with what circumstances, almost every faculty or fa

vour shall be granted.

Id.

We shall then use our understanding right, when we entertain all objects in that way and proportion, that they are suited to our faculties.

Id.

Many are ignorant of mathematical truths, not out of any imperfection of their faculties, or uncertainty in the things themselves, but for want of application in acquiring, examining, and by due ways comparing those ideas. Id.

Reason in man supplies the defect of other facul. ties wherein we are inferior to beasts, and what we cannot compass by force we bring about by stratagem. L'Estrange.

A power of command there is without all question, though there be some doubt in what faculty this command doth principally reside, whether in the will or the understanding. Bramhall against Hobbes. Sure it is a pitiful pretence to ingenuity that can be thus kept up, there being little need of any other faculty but memory, to be able to cap texts.

Government of the Tongue. The fifth mechanical faculty is the wedge used in cleaving wood. Wilkins.

Nature its mother, habit is its nurse; Wit, spirit, faculties, but make it worse;

Reason itself but gives it edge and power,

As heaven's blessed beam turns vinegar more sour. Pope's Essay on Man. He had an excellent faculty in preaching if he were not too refined.

Swift. Neither did our Saviour think it necessary to ex

plain to us the nature of God, because it would be impossible, without bestowing on us other faculties than we possess at present.

Id.

The wretched condition, weakness, and disorder of

the faculties which I must employ in my inquiries, increase my apprehensions; and the impossibility of amending or correcting those faculties, reduces me almost to despair, and makes me resolved to perish on the barren rock on which I am at present, rather than venture myself upon that boundless ocean which runs out into immensity. Hume. On Human Nature.

Called thee into being when thou wast not; gave thee these reasoning and reflecting faculties, which thou art now employing in searching out the end and happiness of thy nature.

Mason.

FADE, v. n. & v. a. Goth. fada; Isl. and Swed. fata; Erse, faid; Arabic, faut: from Fr. fade, weak, insipid, says Dr. Johnson; but Mr. Todd derives it with more probability, from Lat. vado, Gr. Badw to move, the primary meaning of fade being to disappear quickly. To vanish; disappear rapidly; languish; change to a weaker color; wither; lose vigor or beauty; die away. Our older writers use it as an active verb for to wear away; reduce.

Ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that hath no water. Isaiah i. 30. The glorious beauty on the head of the fat valley shall be a fading flower. Id. xxviii. 4.

Where either through the temper of the body, or some other default, the memory is very weak, ideas Id. in the mind quickly fade.

The spots in this stone are of the same colour throughout, even to the very edges; there being an immediate transition from white to black, and the colours not fading or declining gradually.

Woodward.

Restless anxiety, forlorn despair,
And all the faded family of care.

Garth's Dispensary. Narcissus' change to the vain virgin shows, Who trusts to beauty, trusts the fading rose. Gay.

The garlands fade, the vows are worn away; So dies her love, and so my hopes decay. Pope. -Hence plastie nature, as oblivion whelms Her fading forms, repeoples all her realms;