57.

His diligent endeavours to check his
progress in Italy, 69. Defeats Alaric at
Pollentia, 66. Drives him out of Italy,
68. His triumph at Rome, 69. His
preparations to oppose the invasion of
Radagaisus, 76. Reduces and puts him
to death, 79. Supports the claims of
Alaric in the Roman senate, 88.
Is put
to death at Ravenna, 91, 92. His memory
persecuted, 92.

Stoza heads the revolted troops of the em-
peror Justinian in Africa, iv. 118. His
death related variously, 119. note M.
Strasburg, battle of, between Julian and the
Alemanni, ii. 132.

Stukely, Dr., Medallic History of Carau-
sius by, i. 368.

Successianus defends the Roman frontier
against the Goths, i. 275.

Suevi, the origin and renown of, i. 270, 271.
note M.

Suicide applauded and pitied by the Romans,
iv. 237.

Suiones or Sitones, the, distinguished from
the Suevi, i. 236. note M.

Sulpicius, Servius, was the highest improver
of the Roman jurisprudence, iv. 184.
Sultan, origin and import of this title of
Eastern sovereignty, v. 373. note.
Sumnat, description of the Pagoda of, in
Guzarat, and its destruction by the sultan
Mahmud, v. 374, 375.

Sun, the worship of, introduced at Rome by
the emperor Elagabalus, i. 153. Was the
peculiar object of the devotion of Constan-
tine the Great, before his conversion, ii. 145.
And of Julian, after his apostacy, 296.
Surenas, Persian general, a family name, not
a title, ii. 344.

Susa, the city of, taken by Constantine the
Great, i, 427.

Swatoslaus, czar of Russia, his reign, v. 312.
314.

Swiss Cantons, the confederacy of, how far

similar to that of the ancient Franks, i. 269.
Sword of Mars, the sacred weapon of the
Huns, history of, iii. 227.

Syagrius, king of the Franks and Burgun-
dians, his character, iii. 383. Is conquered
by Clovis, 384.

Sylverius, pope, is degraded and sent into
exile by Belisarius for an attempt to betray
the city of Rome to the Goths, iv. 50, 51.
note M. His death, 124. note.
Symmachus, his account of the Pagan con-
formity of the emperor Constantius, during
his visit to Rome, ii. 247. Pleads in be-
half of the ancient Pagan religion of Rome
to the emperor Valentinian, iii. 5.
Synesius, bishop of Ptolemais, excommuni-
cates the president Andronicus, ii. 179.
His extraordinary character, ibid. note.
His advice to the Eastern emperor Arca-
dius, iii. 59.

Synods, provincial, in the primitive churches,
institution of, i. 498. notes M. and G.

Nature of those assemblies, ii. 177. See
Councils.

Tabari, the Arabian historian, account of
his work, v. 90. note.

Tabenne, the island of, in upper Thebais, is

settled with monks, by Pachomius, iii. 344.
Table of emerald in the Gothic treasury in
Spain, account of, iii. 147.

Tacitus, emperor, his election and character,
i. 331, 332.

Tacitus, the historian, his character of the
principles of the Portico, i. 85. note.
The intention of his episodes, 204. His
character as an historian, 225.
His ac-
count of the ancient Germans, ibid. note
M. 229., of the massacre of the Bructeri,
247. notes G. His history, how preserved
and transmitted down to us, 331. note.
His account of the persecution of the
Christians as the incendiaries of Rome,
541.

decemvirs, iii. 2.

Sylla the Dictator, his legislative character,
iv. 230.

Syllanus the Consul, his speech to the senate,
recommending the election of the two
Gordians to their approbation, i. 186.
Sylvania, sister of the præfect Rufinus, her
sanctity, iii. 42. note.
Sylvanus, general in Gaul under Constantius,
is ruined by treachery, ii. 114. Assumes
the purple at Cologne, 114.
His death,
ibid.

of, v. 231. note M. Military character
of the Greeks, 256.

Tagina, battle of, between the eunuch Nar-
ses and Totila king of the Goths in
Italy, iv. 140, 141.

Taherites, the Saracen dynasty of, v. 220.
Tamerlane, his birth, reign, and conquests,
vi. 174, 175, note M. His first adventures,
176. note M. His letter to Bajazet, 184.
Inquiry as to its authenticity, note M.
ibid. His conference with the doctors of
the law, at Aleppo, 187. Defeats and

takes Bajazet prisoner, 190, 191. How
kept out of Europe, 196. His triumph
at Samarcand, 198. Dies on a march to
China, 199. His character, ibid.
Tancred the crusader, his character, v. 426.
His gallant behaviour at Constantinople,
435. His conduct at Jerusalem, 454,
455.

Tarachus, the sufferings of, and other

Christians, i. 596. notes M.
Tarasius, secretary to the empress Irene,
made patriarch of Constantinople, iv.
492. Presides at, and frames the decrees
of, the second council of Nice, 493.
Tarik, the Arab, his descent on Spain, v. 156.
Defeats and kills Roderic, king of the
Goths, 157. His disgrace, 161. 164.
Tarragona, the city of, almost destroyed by
the Franks, i. 270.
Tartars. See Scythians.

Tartary, Eastern, conquest of, by Tamer-
lane, vi. 180.

Tatian, and his son Proculus, destroyed by
the base arts of Rufinus the confidential
minister of the emperor Theodosius, iii.

32.

Taurus the consul, ii. 266. Banished by
the tribunal of Chalcedon, 276.
Taxes, how the Roman citizens were ex-
onerated from the burden of, i. 168.
Account of those instituted by Augustus,
170. Freedom of Rome given to all
provincials by Caracalla for the purpose
of taxation, 174. or by M. Aurelius, ibid.
note W.
Consequences of this measure,
How raised under Constantine the
Great, and his successors, ii. 48, 49. note
M., 53. note M. Capitation tax, 52, 53.
note M. iii. 513.

175.

Tayef, siege of, by Mahomet, v. 56, 57.
Teias, the last king of the Goths, defeated
and killed by the eunuch Narses, iv. 143,
144.

Telemachus, an Asiatic monk, loses his life
at Rome, in an attempt to prevent the
combat of the gladiators, iii. 70, 71. vide
note M.

Temple of Jerusalem, burned, i. 546. His-
tory of the emperor Julian's attempt to
restore it, ii. 307.
Temugin. See Zingis.
Tephrice is occupied and fortified by the
Paulicians, v. 279.

Tertullian, his pious exultation in the ex-
pected damnation of all the pagan world,
i. 480. Criticisms on the Latin passage,
and Gibbon's translation, ibid. notes G.
and M. Suggests desertion to Christian
soldiers, 493. note. Critical inquiry as
to his real meaning, ibid. notes G. and M.
His suspicious account of two edicts of
Tiberius and Marcus Antoninus, in favour
of the Christians, 566.

Testaments, the Roman laws for regulating,
iv. 219. Codicils, 221.

Tetricus assumes the empire in Gaul at the
instigation of Victoria, i. 313. Betrays
his legions into the hands of Aurelian,
313. Is led in triumph by Aurelian,
322, 323.

Teutonic languages, the cycle of poetry
relating to Attila the Hun in the, iii.
247. note M.

Thabor, Mount, dispute concerning the light
of, vi. 129.

Thanet, the island of, granted by Vortigern,
as a settlement for his Saxon auxiliaries,
iii. 423, 424.

Theatrical entertainments of the Romans
described, iii. 117.

Thebaan legion, the martyrdom of, apocry
phal, i. 578. note.

Theft, the Roman laws relating to, iv. 225.
231.

Themes, or military governments of the
Greek empire, account of, v. 253.
Themistius, the orator, his encomium on
religious toleration, ii. 382.

Theodatus, his birth and elevation to the
throne of Italy, iv. 34. His disgraceful
treaties with the emperor Justinian, and
revolt against them, 36, 37. His depo-
sition and death, 41.
Theodebert, king of the Franks in Austrasia,
joins the Goths in the siege and destruction
of Milan, iv. 57. Invades Italy, 58. His
death, 59.

Termini, the ancient, the savages of Scythia
compared to, ii. 468.

Theodemir, a Gothic prince of Spain, copy
of his treaty of submission to the Saracens,
v. 161.

Theodora, empress, her birth, and early
history, iii. 488. Her marriage with
Justinian, 491. Her tyranny, 492. Her
virtues, 493. Her death, 494. Her for-
titude during the Nika sedition, 500.
Account of her palace and gardens of
Heræum, 524. Her pious concern for
the conversion of Nubia, iv. 391, 392.
Theodora, wife of the Greek emperor Theo-
philus, her history, iv. 421. Restored
the worship of images, 494. Provokes
the Paulicians to rebellion, v. 279.
Theodora, daughter of the Greek emperor
Constantine IX., her history, iv. 436,

437.

Theodora, widow of Baldwin III. king of
Jerusalem, her adventures as the con-
cubine of Andronicus Comnenús, iv.

453.

Theodore Angelus, despot of Epirus, seizes
the emperor Peter of Courtenay vi. 60.
Possesses himself of Thessalonica, 61.
Theodoric, the son of Alaric, his prosperous
reign over the Visigoths in Gaul, iii. 257.

Unhappy fates of his daughters, 259. Is prevailed on by Aetius to join his forces against Attila, 267. Is killed at the battle of Chalons, 270. Theodoric II., iii. 294. Acquires the Gothic sceptre by the murder of his brother Torismond, 294. His character by Sidonius, 295. His expedition into Spain, 296.

Theodoric the Ostrogoth, his birth and educa

tion, iii. 447. notes M. Is forced by his troops into a revolt against the emperor Zeno, 451. He undertakes the conquest of Italy, 452. Reduces and kills Odoacer, 454. 456. Is acknowledged king of Italy, 456. Review of his administration, 457. Assigns a third of the lands of Italy to his soldiers, ibid. vide note M. His visit to Rome, and care of the public buildings, 466. note M. His religion, 469. His remorse and death, 479. Theodoric, son of Triarius, iii. 452. Theodosian code, recovery of the first five books of the, iv. 189. note W. Theodosiopolis, the city of, in Armenia, built, iii. 201.

Theodosius the Great, his distinction between a Roman prince and a Parthian monarch, ii. 58. note. The province of Mæsia preserved by his valour, 442. Is associated by Gratian as emperor of the East, 494.

His birth and character, 496. His prudent and successful conduct of the Gothic war, 498. Defeats an invasion of the Ostrogoths, 504. His treaty with Maximus, 513. His baptism, and edict to establish orthodox faith, 515. Purges the city of Constantinople from Arianism, 520. Enforces the Nicene doctrine throughout the East, 521. Convenes a council at Constantinople, 522. His edicts against heresy, 525. Receives the fugitive family of Valentinian, and marries his sister Galla, 536, 537. Defeats Maximus, and visits Rome, 538, 539. His character, 539. His lenity to the city of Antioch, 542. 544. His cruel treatment of Thessalonica, 545. Submits to the penance imposed by St. Ambrose, for his severity to Thessalonica, 548. Restores Valentinian, 549. Consults John of Lycopolis, the hermit, on the intended war against Eugenius, 553. Defeats Eugenius, 554. His death, 566. Procured a senatorial renunciation of the Pagan religion, iii. 7. Abolishes Pagan rites, 9. Prohibits the Pagan religion,

17.

Theodosius the younger, his birth, iii. 190. Is said to be left by his father Arcadius to the care of Jezdegerd, king of Persia, 191. His education and character, 195. His marriage with Eudocia, 196, 197.

His pious

His war with Persia, 199. joy on the death of John, the usurper of the West, iii. 205. His treaty with the Huns, 224. His armies defeated by Attila, 232. Is reduced to accept a peace dictated by Attila, 236, 237. Is oppressed by the embassies of Attila, 239. Embassy of Maximin to Attila, 241. Is privy to a scheme for the assassination of Attila, 249. Attila's embassy to him on that occasion, 250. His death, 251. His perplexity at the religious feuds between Cyril and Nestorius, iv. 347, 348. Banishes Nestorius, 350.

Theodosius III., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 409.

Theodosius, the father of the emperor, his successful expedition to Britain, ii. 423. Is received by the citizens of London, and publishes an amnesty, 423. Suppresses the revolt of Firmus the Moor, in Africa, 426. Is beheaded at Carthage,

428.

Theodosius, patriarch of Alexandria, his competition with Gaian, how decided, iv. 387. His negotiations at the court of Constantinople, 389.

Theodosius, the deacon, grandson of the

emperor Heraclius, murdered by his brother Constans II., iv. 403.

Theodosius, the lover of Antonina, detected by Belisarius, iv. 65. Turns monk to escape her, 66. His death, 67. Misrepresentation respecting it, ibid. note M. Theodotus, president of the council of Hierapolis under Constantius, his ridiculous flattery to that emperor, ii. 267. Theophano, wife of the Greek emperor Romanus II., poisons both him and his father, iv. 431, 482. Her connexion with Nicephorus Phocas, 432. His murder, and her exile, 434.

Theophilus, emperor of Constantinople, iv 419. His Amorian war with the caliph Motassem, v. 212.

Theophilus, archbishop of Alexandria, destroys the temple of Serapis, and the Alexandrian library, iii. 13, 14. Assists the persecution of St. Chrysostom, 186. His invective against Eudoxia, 188. note. Theophilus, his pious embassy from Constantius to the East Indies and to Abyssinia, ii. 167. note, and note M. Theophobus, the Persian, his unfortunate history, iv. 421.

Theraputa, or Essenians, some account of, i. 515.

Thermopyla, the Straits of, fortified by the emperor Justinian, iii. 526. Thessalonica, sedition and massacre there, ii. 544. Cruel treatment of the citizens, 545. Penance of Theodosius for this severity, 548.

Theudelinda, princess of Bavaria, married to Autharis, king of the Lombards, iv. 264, 265.

Thibaut, count of Campagne, engages in the fourth crusade, vi. 12. Thomas the Cappadocian, his revolt against the Greek emperor Michael II. and cruel punishment, iv. 419.

Thomas of Damascus, his exploits against the Saracens when besieging that city, v. 108, 109.

Thomas, St., account of the Christians of, in India, iv. 379. Persecution of them

by the Portuguese, 380, 381. note M. Thrace is colonised by the Bastarnæ, in the reign of Probus, i. 344. The fugitive Goths permitted to settle there by the emperor Valens, ii. 472. Is ravaged by them, 478. The Goths settled there by Theodosius, 504.

Tongues, the gift of, i. 481. note M. Torismond, son of Theodoric, king of the Visigoths, attends his father against Attila king of the Huns, iii. 267. Battle of Chalons, 270. Is acknowledged king on the death of his father in the field, 272. Is killed by his brother Theodorie,

294.

Torture, how admitted in the criminal law of the Romans under the emperors, ii.

46.

Totila is elected king of Italy by the Goths, iv. 123. His justice and moderation, 125. Besieges and takes the city of Rome, 127, 128. Is induced to spare Rome from destruction, at the instance of Belisarius, 131. Takes Rome again, 135. Plunders Sicily, 136. Battle of Tagina, 140. His death, 142. note M.

Toulunides, the Saracen dynasty of, v. 221.

racter, iii. 366.

Three Chapters, the famous dispute concerning the, iv. 366.

Thundering Legion, the story concerning, of suspicious veracity, i. 567. Tiberius is adopted by Augustus, i. 81. His administration of the laws, 89. Reduces Cappadocia, 172. note. Suspicious story of his edict in favour of the Christians, i. 567.

Tiberius is invested by Justin II. as his successor in the empire of the East, iv. 253. His character and death, 255, 256. Timusius, master-general of the army under the emperor Theodosius, iii. 173. disgraced and exiled under Arcadius, 174. Timothy the Cat, conspires the murder of Proterius, archbishop of Alexandria, and succeeds him, iv. 358.

Is

Tipasa, miraculous gift of speech bestowed on the Catholics there, whose tongues had been cut out, iii. 373. Tiridates, king of Armenia, his character, and history, i. 375. Is restored to his kingdom by Diocletian, 376. Is expelled by the Persians, 378. Is restored again by treaty between the Romans and Persians, 385. His conversion to Christianity, and death, ii. 82. vide note M. Titus admitted to share the Imperial dignity with his father Vespasian, i. 81. Togrul Beg, sultan of the Turks, his reign and character, v. 380. He rescues the caliph of Bagdad from his enemies, 381. Toledo taken by the Arabs under Tarik, v. 157, 158.

Toleration, universal, its happy effects in the Roman empire, i. 30, 31. Restrictions therein, 34. note W. What sects the most intolerant, 214. notes M.

Tollius, objections to his account of the vision of Antigonus, ii. 157. note.

Olympic games, v. 428.

Tours, battle of, between Charles Martel and the Saracens, v. 188.

Toxandria, in Germany, is overrun and
occupied by the Franks, ii. 128.
Traditors, in the primitive church, i. 585.
Trajan, emperor, his conquest of Dacia, i. 6.
His conquests in the East, ibid.

Con

trast between the characters of him and Hadrian, 8. His pillar described, 53. Why adopted by the emperor Nerva, 82. His instructions to Pliny the younger for his conduct towards the Christians, 549, 550. Description of his famous bridge over the Danube, iii. 525. note. Trajan, count, his treacherous murder of Para, king of Armenia, ii. 435. Transubstantiation, the doctrine of, when established, v. 496.

Trebatius, a jurisconsult patronised by Cicero, opinions of, iv. 186. Error with regard to, ibid. note W. Trebizond, the city of, taken and plundered by the Goths, i. 276. Antiquity of, ibid. note M. The dukes of, become independent on the Greek empire, vi. 51. note M. Is yielded to the Turks by David its last emperor, vi. 322. notes M. Tribigild the Ostrogoth, his rebellion in Phrygia against the emperor Arcadius, iii. 176.

Tribune, the office of, explained, i. 72. note
M. ibid.

Tribonian, his genius and character, iv. 191.
Is employed by Justinian to reform the
code of Roman laws, 192, 193. The
Anti-Tribonians, 166. note W.
Trinity, the mysterious doctrine of, ii. 195.
Is violently agitated in the schools of
Alexandria, 196. Three systems of, 201.
Decisions of the council of Nice con-
cerning, 203.

Different forms of the

doxology, 235. Frauds used to support

the doctrine of, iii. 371. Tripoli, the confederacy of, cruelly oppressed under the government of count Romanus, ii. 424. Trisagion, religious war concerning, iv. 360. Troops, Roman, their discipline, i. 10. When they first received pay, 167. Cause of the difficulty in levying them, ii. 38. See Jovians, Palatines, and Prætorian bands.

Troy, the situation of that city, and of the

Grecian camp of besiegers, described, ii. 7. Tudela, Benjamin of, the genuineness of his travels called into doubt, v. 240. notes M. Turin, battle of, between Constantine the

Great and the lieutenants of Maxentius, i. 427.

Turisund, king of the Gepida, his honour

able reception of Alboin the Lombard, who had slain his son in battle, iv. 243. 245.

Turks, their origin, iv. 79. note M. Their primitive institutions, 81. Their conquest, 81, 82. Their alliance with the emperor Justinian, 83. Send auxiliaries to Heraclius, 319. Grow powerful and licentious under the Saracens, v. 216. Terror excited by their menacing Europe, 294. Their military character, 298. They extend themselves over Asia, 372. Reign of Mahmud the Gaznevide, 373. Their manners and emigration, 377. They subdue Persia, 379. Dynasty of the Seljukians, 380. They invade the provinces of the Greek empire, 383. formation of the Eastern calendar, 392. They conquer Asia Minor, 394. Their capital city, Nice, taken by the crusaders, The seat of government removed Valour and conquests

438.

Re

to Iconium, 467. of Zenghi, 477. Character of sultan Noureddin, 478. Conquest of Egypt, 478. Origin and history of the Ottomans, vi. 156. Their first passage into Europe, 160. Their money, the value of the asper, 207. notes M. Their education and discipline, 209. Embassy from, to the emperor Sigismond, 230. Take the city of Constantinople, 312. Turpin, Archbishop, the romance of, by whom, and when written, v. 408. note. Twelve Tables, review of the laws of, iv.

169. note M. Their severity, 226. How the criminal code of sank into disuse, 228,

229.

Two Principles, the, in Persian theology, i. 208, 209. note G., 210. note G.

first granted to the church by Charlemagne, iv. 501.

U.

Ukraine, description of that country, i. 258. Uldin, king of the Huns, reduces and kills Gainas the Goth, iii. 183. Is driven back by the vigilance of the Imperial ministers, 192, 193.

Ulphilas, the apostle of the Goths, his pious labours, iii. 359. His Moso-Gothic alphabet, ibid. note M. Propagated Arianism, 363.

Ulpian, the lawyer, placed at the head of the council of state, under the emperor Alexander Severus, i. 159. Is murdered by the prætorian guards, 163. vide note W. Upsal, anciently famous for its Gothic temple, i. 253.

Urban II., pope, patronises Peter the Hermit, in his project for recovering the Holy Land, v. 406. Exhorts the people to a crusade, at the council of Clermont, 410. His secret motives for it, 432. note M. Urban V. is visited by John Paleologus, vi. 218. Removes the papal court from Avignon to Rome, 392.

Urban VI., pope, his disputed election, vi. 394.

Ursacius, master of the offices under the emperor Valentinian, occasions a revolt of the Alemanni by his parsimony, ii.

410.

Ursicinus, a Roman general, his treacherous conduct to Sylvanus in Gaul, ii. 114. Is superseded in his command over the Eastern provinces, 126, 127. Is sent back again to conduct the war with Persia under Sabinian, ibid. Is again disgraced, 127.

Ursini, history of the Roman family of, vi. 363-365. note, 377-407.

Ursulus, treasurer of the empire under Constantius, unjustly put to death by the tribunal of Chalcedon, ii. 276. See Interest of Money.

Usury.

thirty, investigated, i. 288. note M. Tyre is besieged by Saladin, v. 489. Tythes assigned to the clergy as well by Zoroaster as by Moses, i. 213. note. Were

nian, is associated with him in the empire, ii. 388. Obtains from his brother the Eastern portion of the empire, 389. His timidity on the revolt of Procopius, 393.