Glycerius is made emperor of Rome, iii.

329. Exchanges the sceptre for the
bishopric of Salona, ibid. Murders Julius
Nepos, and is made archbishop of Milan,
330.

Gnostics, character and account of the sect
of, i. 463, 464. Principal sects into
which they are divided, 465. note M.
Their peculiar tenets, 466, note, also note
M., 490. note M. ii. 195, 196. notes G.
iv. 332.

Godfrey of Bouillon, his character and en-
gagement in the first crusade, v. 423.
His route to Constantinople, 429. 432.
Rejects the title of king of Jerusalem,
456. Compiles the Assize of Jerusalem,
Form of his administration, 461.

460.

et seq.
Gog and Magog, the famous rampart of,
described, iii. 535. note. The Huns
suspected to be the scriptural, v. 294.
Goisvintha, wife of Leovigild, king of Spain,
her pious cruelty to the princess Ingundis,
iii. 375.

Gold of affliction, the tax so denominated

in the Eastern empire, abolished by the
emperor Anastasius, iii. 509, 510. note M.
Golden horn, why the Bosphorus obtained

this appellation in remote antiquity, ii. 4.
Gordian, proconsul of Africa, his character
and elevation to the empire of Rome, i.
184. His son associates with him in the
Imperial dignity, 185.

Gordian, the third and youngest, declared
Cæsar, i. 190. Is declared emperor by
the army, on the murder of Maximus and
Balbinus, 198. notes G. and M. Philip
orders his execution, and succeeds him,
201. Certain discrepancies explained,
ibid. note M.

Gothini, the, not to be confounded with
Goths, i. 229. note M.

Goths of Scandinavia, their origin, i. 252.
Their religion, 253. The Goths and
Vandals supposed to be originally one
great people, 256. Improbability of this
opinion, 256. note M. Their emigrations to
Prussia and the Ukraine, 256, 257. They

invade the Roman provinces, 259. They
receive tribute from the Romans, 264.
They subdue the Bosphorus, 278.
Plunder the cities of Bithynia, 277.
They ravage Greece, 279. Conclude a
treaty with the emperor Aurelian, 306.
They invade Illyricum, and are chastised
by Constantine the Great, 445. Medal
commemorative thereof, ibid. note M.
Their war with the Sarmatians, ii. 73.
Are again routed by Constantine, 74. note M.
Gothic war under the emperors. Valen-
tinian and Valens, 467. Are defeated by
the Huns, 469 They implore the protec-
tion of the emperor Valens, 470. They are
received into the empire, 472. They are
oppressed by the Roman governors of
Thrace, 474. Are provoked to hostilities,
and defeat Lupicinus, 476, 477. They
ravage Thrace, 478. Battle of Salices,
481. They are strengthened by fresh
swarms of their countrymen, 482.
Battle of Hadrianople, 487. Scour the
country from Hadrianople to Constan-
tinople, 491. Massacre of the Gothic
youth in Asia, 493. Their formidable
union broken by the death of Fritigern,
500. Death and funeral of Athanaric,
501. Invasion and defeat of the Ostro-
goths, 503. Are settled in Thrace by
Theodosius, 504. Their hostile sentiments,
506. Revolt of, in the reign of Honorius,
iii. 53. They ravage Greece, under the
command of Alaric, 55. They invade Italy,
The sack of Rome by, 132. Death
of Alaric, 143. Victories of Wallia in
Spain, 158. They are settled in Aqui-
tain, 159. See Gaul and Theodoric.
Conquests of the Visigoths in Gaul and
Spain, 321. How the Goths were con-
verted to the Christian religion, 358, 359.
note M. Reign of Theodoric, king of
the Ostrogoths, 447. note M. The Goths
in Italy extinguished, iv. 148.
Government, civil, the origin of, i. 237.
Governors of provinces under the emperors,
their great power and influence, ii. 34.
Gratian was the first emperor who refused
the pontifical robe, ii. 247. note. Marries
the princess Constantia, and succeeds to
the empire, 444. Defeats the Alemanni
in Gaul, 483. Invests Theodosius with
the empire of the East, 494. His
character and conduct, 508. His flight

61.

from Maximus, and death, 512. Over-
threw the ecclesiastical establishment of
Paganism, iii. 5.

Greece is ravaged by the Goths, i. 279. Is
overrun by Alaric the Goth, iii. 55. Is
reduced by the Turks, vi. 320, 321.
Greek church, origin of the schism of, vi.

Greeks, why averse to the Roman language
and manners, i. 41. The Greek becomes
a scientific language among the Romans,
42. note M. Character of the Greek
language of Constantinople, vi. 242.
When first taught in Italy, 247.
Greek learning, revival of, in Italy, vi. 245,

246.
Gregory the Great, pope, his pious presents
to Recared, king of Spain, iii. 377. Ex-
horts Theodelinda, queen of the Lom-
bards, to propagate the Nicene faith, 377.
His enmity to the venerable buildings
and learning of Rome, iv. 268.
birth, and early profession, 269. His
elevation to the pontificate, 271. Sends
a mission to convert the Britons, 272.
Sanctifies the usurpation of the emperor
Phocas, 299.

His

Gregory II., pope, his epistles to Leo III.,
emperor of Constantinople, iv. 475, 476.
Revolts against the Greek emperor,

477.

Gregory VII, pope, his ambitious schemes,
iv. 513, 514. His contest with the em-
peror Henry III., v. 353. Character of,
ibid. note M. His retreat to Salerno, vi.
333.

Gregory, præfect of Africa, history of him
and his daughter, v. 143. 145.
Gregory Nazianzen, his lamentation on the
disgraceful discord among Christians,
ii. 244. Loads the memory of the em-
peror Julian with invective, 281. note.
Censures Constantius for having spared
his life, 293. note. Is presented to the
wretched see of Sasima, by his friend
archbishop Basil, 518. His mission to
Constantinople, ibid. Is placed on the
archiepiscopal throne by Theodosius, 521.
His resignation and character, 524, 525.
Grumbates, king of the Chionites, attends
Sapor, king of Persia, in his invasion of
Mesopotamia, ii. 122. Loses his son at

the siege of Amida, 123.

Returns home

in grief, 125.
Guardianship, how vested and exercised,
according to the Roman civil laws, iv.

212.

Gubazes, king of Colchos, his alliance with
Chosroes, king of Persia, iv. 107. Re-
turns to his former connection with the
emperor Justinian, 108. Is treacher-
ously killed, 111. Judicial inquiry re-
specting, ibid. note M.
Guelphs and Ghibelines, the parties of, in
Italy, iv. 519. vi. 333.
Guilt, the degrees of, in the penal laws of
the Romans, iv. 231.

Guiscard, Robert, his birth and character,
v. 334. Acquires the dukedom of Apu-
lia, 337. His Italian conquests, 338.
Besieges Durazzo, 345. Defeats the

Greek emperor Alexius there, 349, 350.
Engages in the cause of pope Gregory
VII., 354. His second expedition to
Greece, and death, 355, 356.

Guizot, M., his French edition of Gibbon's
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vide
preface by Mr. Milman, vol. i. p. iii.—vii.
His valuable notes are given in the
present edition of the history passim, and
marked G., vide preface, p. xiv.
Gundobald, king of the Burgundians, is
reduced by Clovis, king of the Franks,
iii. 390. His mode of justifying the
judicial combat, 406.

Gunpowder, the invention and use of, vi.
211. note M.

Guy of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem, his
character, V. 485. Is defeated and
taken prisoner by Saladin, 486.
Gyarus, a small island in the Ægean sea,
an instance of its poverty, i. 169.

Hadrianople, battle of, between Constantine
the Great and Licinius, i. 447. Is in-
effectually besieged by Fritigern the
Goth, ii. 479. Battle of, between the
emperor Valens and the Goths, 487.
Hakem, caliph of the Saracens, assumes a
divine character to supplant the Ma-
hometan faith, v. 400. Errors respecting,
ibid. note M.

Hamadanites, the Saracen dynasty of, in
Mesopotamia, v. 221, 222.

Hannibal, review of the state of Rome when
he besieged that city, iii. 100.
Hannibalianus, nephew of Constantine the
Great, is dignified with the title of king,
ii. 69, 70. note M. Provinces assigned
to him for a kingdom, 70. Is cruelly
destroyed by Constantius, 79.
Happiness, instance how little it depends on
power and magnificence, v. 196.
Harmozan, Persian satrap, his interview
with Omar, v. 97.

Harpies, an ancient mythologic history, Le

Clerc's conjecture concerning, ii. 3. note.
Harun al Rashid, caliph, his friendly cor-
respondence with the emperor Charle-
magne, iv. 505. His wars with the
Greek empire, v. 205.

Hassan, the Saracen, conquers Carthage, v.

149.

Hawking, the art and sport of, iv. 263.
Introduced into Italy by the Lombards,

263.

Hegira, the æra of, how fixed, v. 44.
Heinichen, Excursus of, i. 524. ii. 158. note
M., 160. note M., 210. note M.
Helena, the mother of Constantine, her
parentage ascertained, i. 407.
Was con-
verted to Christianity by her son, ii. 145.

note.

Helena, sister of the emperor Constantius,
married to Julian, ii. 111. Is reported
to be deprived of children by the arts of
the empress Eusebia, 113. Her death,

260.

Heliopolis taken by the Saracens, v. 116.
Hell, according to Mahomet, described, v.

39.

Hellespont described, ii. 5.

Helvetia, amount of its population in the
time of Cæsar, i. 235. note.

Hengist, his arrival in Britain, with succours
for Vortigern, against the Caledonians,
iii. 424. His establishment in Kent,
424, 425.

Henoticon of the emperor Zeno, character
of, iv. 358.

Henry succeeds his brother Baldwin as em-
peror of Constantinople, vi. 56. His
character and administration, 57.
Henry III., emperor, his contest with pope
Gregory VII., v. 353. Takes Rome,
and sets up pope Clement III., 353.
Henry VI., emperor, conquers and pillages
the island of Sicily, v. 369.

Henry the Fowler, emperor of Germany, iv.
508. Defeats the Turkish invaders, v.
302.

Heptarchy, Saxon, establishment of, in
Britain, iii. 425. note M. Review of the
state of, 426.
Heraclian, count of Africa, retains that pro-
vince in obedience to Honorius, iii. 134.
His cruel usage of the refugees from the
sack of Rome by Alaric, 139. His
revolt and death, 149.
Heracleonas, emperor of Constantinople, iv.
401, 402.

Heraclius deposes the eastern usurper Pho-
cas, and is chosen emperor, iv. 302.
Conquests of Chosroes II. king of Persia,
304. Distressful situation of Heraclius,
308. Accepts an ignominious peace
from Chosrocs, 310. His first expedition
against the Persians, 312. His second
Persian expedition, 314. Strengthens
himself by an alliance with the Turks,

319.

His third Persian expedition, 321.
His treaty of peace with Persia, 325.
His triumph and pilgrimage to Jeru-
salem, 326, 327. vide note M. His theo-

logical inquiries, 369. Marries his niece
Martina, 400. Leaves his two sons joint
successors to the empire, 401. Invasion
of his provinces by the Saracens, v. 106.
Flies from Syria, 123.

Heraclius the præfect, his expedition against
the Vandals in Africa, iii. 318. 321.
Heraclius the eunuch instigates the emperor
Valentinian III. to the murder of the
patrician Aetius, iii. 282, 283. note M.
His death, 285.

Herbelot, character of his Bibliothèque Orien-
tale, v. 90. note.

Hercynian forest, the extent of, unknown
in the time of Cæsar, i. 228. note.
Heresy in religion, the origin of, traced, i.
463. Edict of Constantine the Great,
against, ii. 184.

Hermanric, king of the Ostrogoths, his con-
quests, ii. 469. His death, 436.
Hermenegild, prince of Bætica, his marriage
with Ingundis princess of Austrasia, and
conversion to the Nicene faith, iii. 374,
375. Revolt and martyrdom of, ibid.
Hermits of the East, their mortified course
of life, iii. 355, 856. Miracles ascribed
to them, and their relics, 357.
Hermodorus, the Ephesian, assists the Ro-

mans in compiling their twelve tables of
laws, iv. 169. Inquiry relating to this
fact, ibid. note W.

Hermogenes, master general of the cavalry,
is killed in the attempt to banish Paul,
bishop of Constantinople, ii. 238.

Hero and Leander, the story of, by whom
controverted and defended, ii. 6. note.

See also notes M.

Herodes Atticus, his extraordinary fortune
and munificence, i. 50.

Herodian, his life of Alexander Severus,
why preferable to that in the Augustan
history, i. 166. note. On the Persian
campaign, ibid. note G.

Herodotus, his character of the Persian wor-
ship, i. 210.

Heruli, of Germany and Poland, their cha-
racter, iii. 459. Their origin, ibid. note M.
Hilarion, the monk of Palestine, account
of, iii. 344.

Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, his remarkable
observations on the diversity of Christian
doctrines, ii. 206. His exposition of the
term Homoiousion, ibid.
Hilary, pope, censures the emperor An-
themius for his tolerating principles, iii.
316.

Hilderic, the Vandal king of Africa, his
indulgence to his Catholic subjects dis-
pleases both the Arians and Athanasians,
iv. 2. Is deposed by Gelimer, 3. Is
put to death, 14.

Hindoos of the East, not the disciples of
Zoroaster, v. 167. note.

171.

Cimmerian darkness, the expression, whence
derived, iii. 109. note.
Circumcellions of Africa, Donatist schis-
matics, history of their revolt, ii. 241.
Their religious suicides, 243. Persecu-
tion of, by the emperor Honorius, iii.

212.

Circumcision of both sexes, a physical custom
in Ethiopia, unconnected with religion,
iv. 395.

Circus, Roman, the four factions in, de-
scribed, iii. 494. Constantinople, and
the Eastern empire, distracted by these
factions, 495.

Cities in the Roman empire enumerated,
i. 54. Commercial, of Italy, rise, and
government of, iv. 516, 517.
Citizens of Rome, motive of Caracalla for
extending the privileges of, to all the
free inhabitants of the empire, i. 167.
174. Political tendency of this grant, 175.
City, the birth of a new one, how celebrated
by the Romans, ii. 9. vide note.
Civilians of Rome, origin of the profession,
and the three periods in the history of,
iv. 183. note W.

Civilis, the Batavian, his successful revolt
against the Romans, i. 246.
Claudian the poet, and panegyrist of Stilicho,

his works supply, the deficiencies of his-
tory, iii. 38. Celebrates the murder of
Rufinus, 43. His offices and wealth,
94. His indifference as to religion, 95.
note M. His death and character, 96.
His character of the eunuch Eutropius,

172.

Claudius, emperor, chosen by the Prætorian
guards, without the concurrence of the
senate, i. 79.

Claudius, emperor, successor to Gallienus,
his character and elevation to the throne,
i. 298.

Cleander, minister of the emperor Com-
modus, his history, i. 97.

Clemens, Flavius, and his wife Domitilla,
why distinguished as Christian martyrs,
i. 548, 549. note M.

Clement III. pope, and the emperor Henry
III. mutually confirm each other's sove-
reign characters, v. 353.

Clement V., pope, transfers the holy see from
Rome to Avignon, vi. 357.
Clergy, when first distinguished from the
laity, i. 501. ii. 168. The ranks and
numbers of, how multiplied, 172. 174.
Exempted from municipal offices and
personal taxes, 173. vide note G. Their
property, 174, 175. Their offences only
cognisable by their own order, 177, 178.
Valentinian's edict to restrain the avarice
of, 406.

VOL. VI.

of kings of the Franks in Gaul, his reign,
iii. 260. 262. note M.

Clodius Albinus, governor of Britain, his
steady fidelity during the revolutions at
Rome, i. 117. Declares himself against
Julianus, 117.

Clotilda, niece of the king of Burgundy, is
married to Clovis king of the Franks,
and converts her Pagan husband, iii. 387.
Exhorts her husband to the Gothic war,
393, 394.

Clovis, king of the Franks, his descent, and
reign, iii. 382.

Cluverius, his account of the objects of
adoration among the ancient Germans, i.
241. note, note G.

Cochineal, importance of the discovery of,
in the art of dyeing, iii. 502. note.
Code of Justinian, how formed, iv. 192.
New edition of, 198.

Codicils, how far admitted by the Roman
law respecting testaments, iv. 187. 221.
Canobites, in monkish history, described,
iii. 355.

Coinage, how regulated by the Roman em-
perors, vi. 342. note M.

Coinage of Arabia, v. 177. note M.
Colchos, the modern Mingrelia, described,
iv. 101. Manners of the natives, 102.
Revolt of, from the Romans to the
Persians, and repentance, 106, 107.
Colchian war, in consequence, 109.
Coliseum, of the emperor Titus, observations
on, i. 355. vi. 425. note M. Exhibition
of a bull-feast in, 426.

Collyridian heretics, an account of, v. 28.
Colonies, Roman, how planted, i. 38.
Colonna, history of the Roman family of,
vi. $63.

Colossus of Rhodes, some account of, v.
128.

Columns of Hercules, their situation, i. 28.
Comana, the rich temple of, suppressed,
and the revenues confiscated, by the
emperors of the East, ii. 44.

Combat, judicial, origin of, in the Salic
laws, iii. 406. The laws of, according
to the assize of Jerusalem, v. 461, 462.
Apology for the practice of, vi. 89. 90.

note.

Comets, account of those which appeared
in the reign of Justinian, iv. 157. Au-
thors who record their return, note, M.
159.

Commentiolus, his disgraceful warfare against
the Avars, iv. 294.

Commodus, emperor, his education, cha-
racter and reign, i. 92. Epigram on,
101. note M. His death, 104. note W.
Comneni, origin of the family of, iv. 439.
Its extinction, vi. 320.

Conception, immaculate, of the Virgin Mary
G G

the doctrine of, from whence derived, v.

30.

Concubine, according to the Roman civil law, explained, iv. 211. Conflagration, general, ideas of the primitive Christians concerning, i. 479. note. Conquest, the vanity of, not so justifiable as the desire of spoil, ii. 422. Is rather achieved by art than personal valour, iii.

226.

Conrad III. emperor, engages in the second crusade, v. 467. His disastrous expedition, 468. 472. note M. Conrad of Montferrat defends Tyre against Saladin, v. 489. Is assassinated, 492. Constance, treaty of, iv. 518.

Constans, the third son of Constantine the Great, is sent to govern the western provinces of the empire, ii. 70. Division of the empire among him and his brothers, on the death of their father, 80. Is invaded by his brother Constantine, 88. Is killed, on the usurpation of Magnentius, 90. Espoused the cause of Athanasius against his brother Constantius, 222, 223.

Constans II. emperor of Constantinople, iv. 403. notes M.

Mar

Dies,

Constantia, princess, grand-daughter of Constantine the Great, is carried by her mother to the camp of the usurper Procopius, ii. 392. Narrowly escapes falling into the hands of the Quadi, 441. ries the emperor Gratian, 444. note. Constantina, daughter of Constantine the Great, and widow of Hannibalianus, places the diadem on the head of the general Vetranio, ii. 91. Is married to Gallus, 103. Her character, 104. 107. Constantina, widow of the Eastern emperor Maurice, the cruel fate of, and her daughters, iv. 300. Constantine the Great, the several opinions as to the place of his birth, i. 407. history, 408. He is saluted emperor by the British legions on the death of his father, 409. Marries Fausta, the daughter of Maximian, 414. Puts Maximian to death, 420. General review of his administration in Gaul, 422. Undertakes to deliver Rome from the tyranny of Maxentius, 425. Defeats Maxentius and enters Rome, 430. His alliance with Licinius, 434. Defeats Licinius,

440. 441.

His

Peace concluded with Licinius, His laws, 442. Chastises the Goths, 445. Second civil war with Licinius, 445. Motives which induced him to make Byzantium the capital of his empire, ii. 2. Declares his determination to spring from divine command, 9. Despoils other cities of their ornaments

to decorate his new capital, 12. Cere mony of dedicating his new city, 18. Form of civil and military administration established there, 19. Separates the civil from the military administration, Corrupted military discipline, 36.

35.

Re

His character, 59. Account of his family, 62. His jealousy of his son Crispus, 64. Mysterious deaths of Crispus and Licinius, 66. His repentance, and acts of atonement inquired into, 66. His sons and nephews, 68. Sends them to superintend the several provinces of the empire, 70. Assists the Sarmatians, and provokes the Goths, 71, 72. duces the Goths to peace, 74. His death, 76. His conversion to Christianity, attempt to ascertain the date of, 143. His Pagan superstition, 145. Protects the Christians of Gaul, 146. Publishes the edict of Milan, 146. Motives which recommended the Christians to his favour, 148. Exhorts his subjects to embrace the Christian profession, 151. His famous standard the Labarum described, 153, 154. His celebrated vision previous to his battle with Maxentius, 156. Story of the miraculous cross in the air, 158, 159. note M. His conversion accounted for, from natural and probable causes, 160. Occasion of his conversion, 160. note M. His theological discourses, His devotion and privileges, ibid. The delay of his baptism accounted for, Is commemorated as a saint by the Greeks, 165. His edict against heretics, 184. Favours the cause of Cæcilian against Donatus, 187. His sensible letter to the bishop of Alexandria, 210. How prevailed on to ratify the Nicene creed, 211. His levity in religion, 212. Granted a toleration to his Pagan subjects, 244. His reform of Pagan abuses, 245. Was associated with Heathen deities after his death, by a decree of the senate, 247. His discovery of the holy sepulchre, 305. Builds a magnificent church on the spot. Ibid. Publication of his fictitious donation to the bishops of Rome, iv. 490. In terdiction of marriage with strangers, ascribed to him, v. 249. Exceptions,

162.

163.

250.

Constantine II. the son of Constantine the Great, is sent to preside over Gaul, ii. 70. Division of the empire among him and his brothers, on the death of their father, 80. Invades his brother Constans, 88., and is killed, 89. Constantine III. emperor of Constantinople, iv. 401.

Constantine IV. Pogonatus, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 404.