peror Carus, in the room of his vicious
son Carinus, i. 353. Is associated with
Cæsar by Diocletian in his administration,
363. Assumes the title of Augustus on
the abdication of Diocletian, 404. His
death, 409. Granted a toleration to the
Christians, 588.
Constantius, the second son of Constantine
the Great, ii. 68. His education, 69. Is
sent to govern the Eastern provinces of
the empire, 70. Seizes Constantinople on
the death of his father, 78. Conspires
the death of his kinsmen, 79. Division

of the empire among him and his brothers,
80. Restores Chosroes king of Armenia,
83. note M. Battle of Singara with Sapor,
king of Persia, 85. Rejects the offers of
Maguentius and Vetranio, on the plea of
a vision, 92. His oration to the Illyrian
troops at the interview with Vetranio, 93.
Defeats Magnentius àt the battle of
Mursa, 96. His councils governed by
eunuchs, 101. Education of his cousins
Gallus and Julian, 103. Disgrace and
death of Gal!us, 107, 108. Sends for
Julian to court, 111. Invests him with
the title of Cæsar, 113. Visits Rome, 115.
Presents an obelisk to that city, 116, 117.
note M. The Quadian and Sarmatian |
wars, 118. His Persian negotiation, 120.
Mismanagement of affairs in the East,
126. Favours the Arians, 213. His
religious character by Ammianus the his-
torian, 214. His restless endeavours to
establish an uniformity of Christian doc-
trine, 215. Persecutes Athanasius, 216.
Is intimidated by his brother Constans,
and invites Athanasius back, 223.
severe treatment of those bishops who re-
fused to concur in deposing Athanasius,
228. His scrupulous orthodoxy, 229.
His cautious conduct in expelling Atha-
nasius from Alexandria, 229. His stre-
nuous efforts to seize his person, 232. Is
constrained to restore Liberius, bishop of
Rome, 237. Supports Macedonius, bishop
of Constantinople and countenances his
persecutions of the Catholics and Nova-
tians, 238-240. His conduct toward his
Pagan subjects, 245. Envies the fame
of Julian, 250. note M. Recalls the
legions from Gaul, 251. Negotiations
between him and Julian, 259.
parations to oppose Julian, 267. His
death and character, 269.
Constantius, a general, relieves the British
emperor Constantine when besieged in
Arles, iii. 151. His character and vic-
tories, 152. His marriage with Placidia,
and death, 203.

His

His pre-

Constantius, secretary to Attila king of the
Huns, his matrimonial negotiation at the
court of Constantinople, iii. 239-249.

Consul, the office of, explained, i. 71. Al-
terations this office underwent under the
emperors, and when Constantinople be-
came the seat of empire, ii. 21. The
office of, suppressed by the emperor Jus-
tinian, iii. 541. Is now sunk to a com-
mercial agent, vi. 341.

Contracts, the Roman laws respecting, iv.
223, 224. note W.

Copts of Egypt, brief history of, iv. 387. vide
note M.

Corinth, reviving as a Roman colony cele-
brates the Isthmian games, under the
emperor Julian, ii. 280. The isthmus of,
fortified by the emperor Justinian, ii.

527.

Cornificia, or Fadilla, manner of her death
related, i. 142. note M.

Cornwall, reduction of, by the Saxons, iii.

428.

Coronary Gold, nature of those offerings to
the Roman emperors, ii. 57, 58. note G.
Corsica, island of, i. 28. note M.
Corvinus Matthias, king of Hungary, his
character, vi. 273.

Cosmas Indicopleustes, account of his Chris-
tian topography, iii. 508. note, iv. 376.

note.

Cosmo of Medicis, his character, vi. 254.
Councils and Synods, i. 497. 498.; of An-

tioch, ii. 222.; Arles, 225, 226.; Basil,
vi. 229.; Cæsarea, ii. 219.; Carthage,
iii. 367. iv. 20.; Chalcedon, iii. 187. iv.
353.; Clermont, v. 408.; Constance, vi.
225. 229. 398.; Constantinople, ii. 522.
iv. 367. 370. 469. vi. 5.; Ephesus, iv.
345. 352.; Ferrara, vi. 235.; Florence,
vi. 236.; Frankfort, iv. 495.; Lyons, iii.
390. vi. 64. 98.; Milan, ii. 226.; Nice,
ii. 203.; Pisa, vi. 229. 398.; Placentia,
v. 407.; Rimini, ii. 209.; Sardica, ii.
223. 227.; Toledo, iii. 379. 422.; Tyre,
ii. 219. 226.

Count, great difference between the ancient
and modern application of this title, ii. 35.
By whom first invented, ibid. Of the
sacred largesses, under Constantine the
Great, his office, ii. 43. Of the do-
mestics in the Eastern empire, his office,

45.

Coupele, rock of, and the Cow's Mouth or
issue of the Ganges, vi. 183. vide note

M.

Courtenay, history of the family of, vi. 75.
Crescentius, consul of Rome, his vicissitudes,
and disgraceful death, iv. 515. Medal of,
516. note M.

Crete, the isle of, i. 29. Subdued by the Sa-
racens, v. 207. Is recovered by Nicepho-
rus Phocas, 224. Is purchased by the
Venetians, vi. 47.

Crimes, how distinguished by the penal laws
of the Romans, iv. 231.

Crispus, son of Constantine the Great, is
declared Cæsar, i. 441. Distinguishes
his valour against the Franks and Ale-
manni, 444. Forces the passage of the
Hellespont, and defeats the fleet of Lici-
nius, 448. His character, ii. 64. His
mysterious death, 66.

Crispus, the patrician, marries the daughter
of Phocas, and contributes to depose him,
iv. 301. Is obliged to turn monk. 302.
Croatia, account of the kingdom of, v. 291.
Cross, the different sentiments entertained
of this instrument of punishment, by the
Pagan and Christian Romans, ii. 153.
The famous standard of, in the army of
Constantine the Great, described, 154.
His visions of, 156. note M. 158. The
holy sepulchre and cross of Christ disco-
vered, 305. note M. The cross of Christ
undiminished by distribution to pilgrims,
306. Calvary, question as to its having
been a hill, ibid. note M.

Crown of thorns, ii. 306. Its transfer from
Constantinople to Paris, vi. 66.

Curopalata, the, his office under the Greek
emperors, v. 245.

Customs, duties of, imposed by Augustus,
i. 171. note W.
The origin

Cycle of Indictions, i. 429. note.
of, traced, and how now employed, ii. 48,
49. note G.

Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, his history and
martyrdom, i. 556. 560.

Cyprus, the kingdom of, bestowed on the
house of Lusignan, by Richard I. of
England, vi. 9.

Cyrene, the coast of, i. 27. note M. The
Greek colonies there finally extermi-
nated by Chosroes II. king of Persia, iv.
305. Frequently confounded with Cairoon,
an Arabian city, v. 149.

Cyriades, an obscure fugitive, is set up, by
Sapor the Persian monarch, as emperor of
Rome, i. 283.

Cyril, bishop of Jerusalem, his pompous re-
lation of a miraculous appearance of a
celestial cross, ii. 214. His ambiguous
character, 307.

tion between, ii. 351. note.
Crusade, the first resolved on at the council
of Clermont, v. 410. Histories and do-
cuments relating to, 411. note, and note
M. Inquiry into the justice of the holy
war, ibid. Examination into the private
motives of the crusaders, 416. Departure
of the crusaders, 418. Account of the
chiefs, 421. Their march to Constanti-
nople, 429. Review of their numbers,
436. They take Nice, 438. Battle of
Dorylæum, 440. They take Antioch,
445.

Their distresses, 446. Are revived
by the discovery of the Holy Lance, 448.
Siege and conquest of Jerusalem, 452.
Godfrey of Bouillon chosen king of Jeru-
salem, but prefers the title of Defender of
the Holy Sepulchre, 456. The second
crusade, 467. The crusaders ill treated
by the Greek emperors, 470. The third
crusade, 489. Siege of Acre, 490. Fourth
and fifth crusades, 496. Sixth crusade,
499. Seventh crusade, 502. Recapitu-
lation of the fourth crusade, vi. 11, 12.
Treaty with the Venetians, 17. General
consequences of the crusades, 71.
Ctesiphon, the city of, plundered by the
Romans, i. 217. Its situation described,
ii. 352. Julian declines the siege of it,
355, 356. note M. Is sacked by the Sa-

racens, v. 94.

Cublai, emperor of China, his character, vi.

153.

Cunimund, his quarrel with Alboin the
Lombard, iv. 243. Is slain in battle, 245.
His skull used as a cup for wine, 250.
Curdistan, the ancient territory of Carduene,
visited, i. 385. note M.

Dacia, conquest of, by the emperor Trajan,
i. 6. Its situation, 23. Is over-run by
the Goths, 257. Is resigned to them by
Aurelian, i. 306.

Dæmons, supposed by the primitive Chris-
tians to be the authors, patrons, and ob-
jects of idolatry, i. 467.
Dagisteus, general of the emperor Justinian,
besieges Petra, iv. 108. Commands the
Huns in Italy under Narses, 139.
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, installed pa-
triarch of Jerusalem, v. 457. note M.
Dalmatia described, i. 23. Produce of a
silver mine there, 169. note.

Dalmatius, nephew of Constantine the Great,
is created Cæsar, ii. 69. Is sent to govern
the Gothic frontier, 70. Is cruelly des-
troyed by Constantius, 79.

Dalmatius and Eutyches, the monks, iv.

349.

Damascus, siege of, by the Saracens, v. 104.
The city reduced both by storm and by
treaty, 108, 109. Remarks on Hughes's
tragedy of this siege, 111. note. Taken
and destroyed by Tamerlane, vi. 188.
Damasus, bishop of Rome, edict of Valen-

tinian addressed to him, to restrain the

Louis IX. of France, 501.
Damophilus, archbishop of Constantinople,
resigns his see, rather than subscribe the
Nicene creed, ii. 520.

Dandolo, Henry, doge of Venice, his charac-
ter, vi. 16. Is made despot of Romania,
46. Misapprehension respecting, 54.
note M.

Daniel, first bishop of Winchester, his in-
structions to St. Boniface, for the con-
version of infidels, iii. 361.

Danielis, a Grecian matron, her presents to
the emperor Basil, v. 237. Her visit to
him at Constantinople, 243. Her testa-
ment, ibid.

Danube, course of the river, and the pro-
vinces of, described, i. 22.

Daphne, the sacred grove and temple of,
near Antioch, described, ii. 317. Is
converted to Christian purposes by Gal-
lus, and restored to the Pagans by Julian,
318, 319. The temple burned, 319.
Dara, the fortification of, by Justinian,
described, iii. 533, 534. note M. The
demolition of, by the Persians, prevented
by peace, iv. 94. Is taken by Chosroes,
king of Persia, iv. 277.

Darius, his scheme for connecting the
continents of Europe and Asia, ii. 4.
Darkness, preternatural, at the time of the
passion, is unnoticed by the heathen phi-
losophers and historians, i. 525.
Dastagerd, the Persian, royal seat of, plun-
dered by the emperor Heraclius, iv. 322.
note M.

Datianus, governor of Spain, yields ready
obedience to the Imperial edicts against
the Christians, i. 588.

Datius, bishop of Milan, instigates the re-
volt of the Ligurians to Justinian, iv. 53.
Escapes to Constantinople on the taking
of Milan by the Burgundians, 57, 58.
Debtors, insolvent, cruel punishment of, by
the law of the Twelve Tables, iv. 228.
Decemvirs, review of their Twelve Tables

of the Roman Laws, iv. 169. notes M.
and W. These laws superseded by the
Perpetual Edict, 177. note W. Severity
of these laws, 226.

Decius, his exaltation to the empire, i. 251.
His defeat by the Goths, and death in
battle, 263.

Decurions, in the Roman empire, are
severely treated by the Imperial laws, ii.
49. Their office compulsory and ruin-
ous, 50. notes G. and M.

Delphi, the sacred ornaments of the temple
of, removed to Constantinople by Con-
stantine the Great, ii. 13. note.
Democracy, a form of government unfavour-
able to freedom in a large state, i. 36.
Demosthenes, governor of Cæsarea, his gal-
lant defence against, and heroic escape
from, Sapor king of Persia, i. 248.
Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, humanely
succours the captives brought from Rome
by Genseric king of the Vandals, iii. 292.
Derar, the Saracen, his character, v. 106.
The sister of, 118.

Desiderius, the last king of the Lombards,
conquered by Charlemagne, iv. 484.
Despot, nature of that title in the Greek
empire, v. 245.

Despotism originates in superstition, i. 237.

note.

Diadem assumed by Diocletian, described,

i. 392.

Diamonds, the art of cutting them, unknown
to the ancients, i. 171. note.
Didius Julianus, purchases the Imperial
dignity at a public auction, i. 114.
Dioceses of the Roman empire, their num-
ber and government, ii. 29.
Diocletian, the manner of his military elec-
tion to the empire, i. 358. His birth
and character, 360, 361. Takes Max-
imian for his colleague, 362. Associates

as Cæsars, Galerius and Constantius
Chlorus, 363. His triumph in conjunc-
tion with Maximian, 386. Fixes his
court at the city of Nicomedia, 388. His
diadem and robes described, 392. Edict
of, from an inscription found at Strato-
niceia by Col. Leake, 394. note M.
Abdicates the empire, $95. Parallel be-
tween him and the emperor Charles V.,
$96. Passes his life in retirement at
Salona, 398. His impartial behaviour
toward the Christians, 575. Causes that
produced the persecution of the Christians
under his reign, 577. Cruel edicts of,
587. note G.

Dion Cassius, the historian, i. 96. notes M.
and G. Screened from the fury of the
soldiers, by the emperor Alexander
Severus, 164. His retirement, ibid. note
W.

Dioscorus, patriarch of Alexandria, his out-
rageous behaviour at the second council of
Ephesus, iv. 352. Is deposed by the
council of Chalcedon, 354.

cathedral of, shut up, and its wealth con-
fiscated, by the emperor Julian, 319.
Licentious manners of the citizens, 332.
Popular discontents during the residence
of Julian there, 333. Sedition there,
against the emperor Theodosius, 541.
The city pardoned, 544. Is taken and
ruined by Chosroes, king of Persia, iv.
97. Great destruction there by an earth-
quake, 159, 160. Is again seized by
Chosroes II., 304. Is reduced by the
Saracens, and ransomed, v. 123.
Is re-
covered by the Greeks, 226. Besieged
and taken by the first crusaders, vi.
442.
Antonina, the wife of Belisarius, her charac-

ter, iv. 6. Examines and convicts pope
Sylverius of treachery, 50. Her activity
during the siege of Rome, 52. Her
secret history, 64. Founds a convent for
her retreat, 154.

Antoninus, a Roman refugee at the court of

Sapor, king of Persia, stimulates him to
an invasion of the Roman provinces, ii.

121.

Antoninus Pius, his character, and that of
Hadrian, compared, i. 8. Is adopted by
Hadrian, 84.

Antoninus, Marcus, his defensive wars, i. 9.
Is adopted by Pius at the instance of
Hadrian, 84. note M. His character, 84.
91. His war against the united Germans,
247. Suspicious story of his edict in
favour of the Christians, 566.
Aper, Arrius, prætorian præfect, and father-
in-law to the emperor Numerian, i. 358.
Is killed by Diocletian as the presump-
tive murderer of that prince, 359.
Apharban, the Persian, his embassy from
Narses, king of Persia, to the emperor
Galerius, i. 382.

Apocalypse, why now admitted into the
canon of the Scriptures, i. 478. note; also
note M.

Apocaucus, admiral of Constantinople, his
confederacy against John Cantacuzene,
vi. 121. His death, 124.
Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, his hypo-
thesis of the divine incarnation of Jesus
Christ, iv. 335.

patriarch of Alexandria,
butchers his flock in defence of the
Catholic doctrine of the incarnation, iv.

388.

Apollonius of Tyana, his doubtful character,
i. 317. note.

Apotheosis, or deification of the Roman em-
perors, how this custom was introduced, i.
75, 76. vide note M., 77. notes W. and M.
Apsimar dethrones Leontius, emperor of
Constantinople, and usurps his place,
iv. 406. His death, 407.

Apulia is conquered by the Normans, v. 329.

Is confirmed to them by papal grant,

334.

Aquileia besieged by the emperor Maximin,
i. 193. Is taken and destroyed by Attila,
king of the Huns, iii. 273.

Aquitain is settled by the Goths, under
their king Wallia, iii. 159. Is conquered
by Clovis, king of the Franks, 397.
Arabia, its situation, soil, and climate, v. 2.
Its division into the Sandy, the Stony,
and the Happy, 4. The pastoral Arabs, 4.,
their horses and camels, 5. Cities of, 6.
Manners and customs of the Arabs, 9. 14.,
their language, 14., their benevolence, 16.
History and description of the Caaba of
Mecca, 17. Religions, 18. 20. Life and
doctrine of Mahomet, 22. 27. Conquest
of, by Mahomet, 56. Character of the
caliphs or successors of Mahomet, and
their rapid conquests, 87. 89. Limits of
the Arabian conquest, 174. Three caliphs
established, 194. Introduction of learn-
ing among the Arabians, 197., their pro-
gress in the sciences, 199., their literary
deficiencies, 203. Decline and fall of the
caliphs, 215. 219.

Araric, king of the Goths, defeats Constan-
tine, ii. 74. and note M.

Arbetio, a veteran under Constantine the
Great, leaves his retirement to oppose the
usurper Procopius, ii. 394.

Arbogastes, the Frank, his military promotion
under Theodosius in Gaul, and conspiracy
against Valentinian the Younger, ii. 550,
551. Is defeated by Theodosius, and
kills himself, 555, 556.
Arcadius, son of the emperor Theodosius,
ii. 516. Succeeds to the empire of the
East, iii. 30. His magnificence, 168.
Extent of his dominions, 169.
tration of his favourite eunuch Eutropius,
169, 170. His cruel law against treason,
174, 175. Signs the condemnation of
Eutropius, 179. His interview with the
revolters Tribigild and Gainas, 180.
His death and supposed testament, 190,

191.

Adminis-

Architecture, Roman, the general magnifi-
cence of, indicated by the existing ruins,
i. 49.
Ardaburius, his expedition to Italy, to re-
duce the usurper John, iii. 204, 205.
Argonauts, the object of their expedition to
Colchos, iv. 102.

Ariadne, daughter of the emperor Leo, and
wife of Zeno, her character, and marriage
afterward with Anastasius, iii. 450.
Arii, a tribe of the Lygians, their terrific
mode of waging war, i. 340.
Arinthaus is appointed general of the horse
by the emperor Julian on his Persian
expedition, ii. 343. Distinguishes him-
self against the usurper Procopius, $93.

of the emperor Valens to restrain the
number of recluse monks there, ii. 405.
The worship of Serapis, how introduced
there, iii. 12. His temple, and the
Alexandrian library destroyed by the
bishop Theophilus, 13, 14. Origin of
monkish institutions in, 342. Great sup-
plies of wheat furnished by, for the city
of Constantinople in the time of Jus-
tinian, iii. 502. Early civilisation of,
and antiquities, ibid. note M. Ecclesias-
tical history of, iv. 387. Reduced by
the Saracens, v. 129, 130. Capture of
Alexandria, 133. Administration of,
138. Description of, by Amrou, 140.
The Egyptians take Jerusalem from the
Turks, 450. Egypt conquered by the
Turks, 478. 483. Government of the
Mamalukes there, 503.

Elagabalus is declared emperor by the troops
at Emesa, i. 150, 151. Was the first
Roman who wore garments of pure silk,
iii. 504.

Elephants, inquiry into the number of,
brought into the field by the ancient
princes of the East, i. 220. note. With
what view introduced in the Circus at
Rome in the first Punic war, 355.
Eleusinian mysteries, why tolerated by the
emperor Valentinian, ii. 402.
Elizabeth, queen of England, the political
use she made of the national pulpits,
ii. 181. note.

Emigration of the ancient northern nations,
the nature and motives of, examined,
i. 236.

Emperors of Rome, a review of their consti-
tutions, iv. 177. Their legislative power,
179. Their rescripts, 180. Of Germany,
their limited powers, iv. 519. Of Con-
stantinople, their pomp and luxury, v. 241.
Officers of the palace, state, and army,
245. Adoration of the emperor, mode
of, 247. Their public appearance, 248.
Their despotic power, 252.
Their navy,
254. They retain the name of Romans
to the last, 265.
Empire, Roman, division of, into the East
and West empires by Valentinian, ii.
389. Extinction of the Western em-
pire, iii. 332.

Encampment, Roman, described, i. 16.
Ennodius, the servile flatterer of Theodoric

the Ostrogoth king of Italy, is made
bishop of Pavia, iii. 456. note.
Epagathus, leader of the mutinous præ-
torians who murdered their præfect
Ulpian, punished by the emperor Alex-
ander Severus, i. 163.

Ephesus, the famous temple of Diana at,
destroyed by the Goths, i. 281. Council
of, iv. 345. Episcopal riots there,

347.

Epicurus, his legacy to his philosophical
disciples at Athens, iii. 538.

Epirus, despots of, on the dismemberment
of the Greek empire, vi. 52.
Equitius, master-general of the Illyrian
frontier, is defeated by the Sarmatians,
ii. 442.

Erasmus, his merit as a reformer, v. 287.
Errors, some which occur in "the Decline
and Fall of the Roman Empire," detected
by the Rev. H. H. Milman, M. Guizot,
and M. Wenck: vide Editor's Preface,
vol. i. p. vii.

Antoninus Pius, adoption of Marcus
Aurelius by, explained, i. 84. W.
Arabs, argument against the real-
isation of their promised inde-
pendence considered, iv. 276. M.
Armenia, oversight respecting the
christianising of, ii. 167. M. Baltic

sea, its gradual sinking refuted, i.
227. notes. Artaxerxes unjustly de-
scribed as a persecutor, i. 214. M.
Bernard, St., anachronism respecting,
v. 474. M. Caligula and Domitian,
error as to their assassination, i. 80.
W. Cassius, Avidius, not a Roman
suicide, i. 85. W. and M. The
Latin language was not established
in Britain, i. 40. M. Charlemagne,
charge respecting his daughters, a
misinterpretation of Eginhard, iv.
499. M. Cherson, the inhabitants
of, not the Tauric Chersonites, send
aid to Constantine, ii. 74. M. Chris-
tians, early, did not generally prac-
tise a community of goods, i. 502.
M.;
and were not strictly Cænobitic,

iii. 342. M.; whether equal justice
was granted or denied them in civil
causes at Rome? Gibbon's pre-
sumptions require proof, i. 582. G.;
refutation of some uncandid remarks
as to their morality and repentance,
i. 486. M. Church, remark relative
to the banner of the, refuted, i. 66.
W. and M. Comitia, The, did not
in the reign of Tiberius cease to
enact laws, iv. 173, 174. W. and M.
Constantine not defeated in a first
battle by the Goths, ii. 74. M.
Crusades, instance of imperfect chro-
nological arrangement of the, v.
474. M. Curtius Quintus, error as
to the age in which he lived, i. 198.
G. and M. David, census of, re-
corded in Scripture, mistakes con-
cerning, v. 457. M. Deification of the
emperors, inaccuracy as to the, i. 76.
G. and W. an inaccuracy of M.
Guizot also on this point, ibid. M.
Domitian assassinated by Stephen, the
latter not connected with the religion