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Among the curiosities preserved in the treasury of York minster, two articles deserve particular attention. One is a very ancient ivory horn, granted in the Saxon times, with certain lands, by Ulphus, a prince of Deira. It was lost at the period of the reformation, but was restored to the dean and chapter by Henry Lord Fairfax (into whose father's hands it had accidentally fallen) in 1675. The other is a mazer-bowl or maple-bowl edged round with silver, gilt, and with silver feet, anciently given by Archbishop Scroop to the cordwainers' company of the city.

the recollection of many of our readers. Early in the | Dr. Edward Lee, the successor of Wolsey. He died morning of the 2d of February, 1829, York minster in 1544. was discovered to be in flames. A boy, one of the choristers, happened to be passing through the minster-yard, and accidentally stepping upon a piece of ice was thrown on his back. Before he could rise, he saw a quantity of smoke issuing from several parts of the roof. As soon as the doors were opened, the beautiful wood-work of the choir was found to be extensively on fire. It soon spread to the roof, which shortly after fell in. The pews on each side of the choir were completely demolished; the organ (a modern and excellent one) was consumed; the screen, however, upon which it rested, sustained very little injury. The great eastern window, which is styled the " glory of the cathedral," and for the fate of which intense anxiety was felt by many during the conflagration, remained almost entire. The fire was not accidental. It was traced to be the work of a deranged fanatic, who was afterwards tried for the crime at York, found to be insane, and sentenced to imprisonment for life in New Bethlehem hospital,

London.

A very becoming and generous spirit soon manifested itself in the nobility and gentry of the county, and of other places, for the restoration of the minster. A meeting was held in the following month, at which Mr. Smirke, the architect, furnished a statement of the mischief occasioned, and an estimate of the probable cost for a thorough repair, to be performed after the original designs. The dean and chapter concurred in his recommendation, and on a liberal and public subscription being entered upon for the purpose, pledged themselves to the restoration of the minster to its former strength and beauty. This has been amply fulfilled, Mr. Smirke's first object was to give security to the fabric, and to repair substantially the walls, and the shafts of the pillars which had suffered from the fire. Masons were employed to prepare a new altar-screen, the ornamented capitals of the clustered pillars, new mouldings and cornices, all according to the original models, fragments of which still existed. The roof of the choir was constructed of teak, a wood which has been known to last firm, in situations where even oak has failed. The elaborate stalls and seats, with the tabernacle-work over them, were formed with the assistance of parts remaining among the ruins, and of drawings formerly made. These found employment for a considerable number of carvers and other workmen in London. It may be remarked, that in the progress of these works, some instances of former, but partial and imperfect, repairs were found, and of course, supplied by such as were of more solid execution.

The discoveries under the floor of the choir were very interesting, consisting of a series of Norman pillars, the remains of the crypt of a church more ancient than any part of the present building. These pillars stand within the space of those of the choir, and are ornamented, in spiral lines: they were found by the workmen while employed in clearing away the rubbish from the interior of the organ-screen. It may be fairly conjectured, that this was the lower portion of the church built by Thomas, the Norman archbishop before mentioned, or perhaps of that of Archbishop Roger, whose choir was removed for a more modern one.

It is not perhaps generally known, that the archbishops of York had anciently the privilege of a mint. There are coins still extant, one as early as the eighth century, struck by archbishops in this right. The The last archbishop who struck money in this mint, was

ENGLAND.-III.

M.

In England, a man of small fortune may cast his regards around him, and say, with truth and exultation, "I am lodged in a house that affords me conveniences and comforts, which even a king could not command some centuries ago. There are ships crossing the seas in every direction, to bring what is useful to me from all parts of the earth. In China, men are gathering the tea-leaf for me; in America, they are planting cotton for me; in the West India Islands, they are preparing my sugar and my coffee; in Italy, they are feeding silk-worms for me; in Saxony, they are shearing sheep, to make me lothing; at home, powerful steam-engines are spinning and weaving for me, and making cutlery for me, and pumping the mines, that minerals useful to me may be procured. My patrimony was small, yet I have post-coaches running day and night, on all the roads, to carry my correspondence; I have roads, and canals, and bridges, to bear the coal for my winter fire; nay, I have protecting fleets and armies around my happy country, to secure my enjoyments and repose. Then I have editors and printers, who daily send me an account of what is going on throughout the world, amongst all these people who serve me; and, in a corner of my house, I have Books!-the miracle of all my possessions, more wonderful than the wishingcap of the Arabian Tales; for they transport me instantly, not only to all places, but to all times. By my books, I can conjure up before me, to vivid existence, all the great and good men of old; and, for my own private satisfaction, I can make them act over again the most renowned of all their exploits. In a word, from the equator to the pole, and from the beginning of time until now, by my books, I can be where I please."

This picture is not overcharged, and might be much extended; such being the miracle of God's goodness and providence, that each individual of the civilized millions that cover the earth, may have nearly the same enjoyments, as if he were the single lord of all. -DR. ARNOTT'S Elements of Physics. H. M. KNOWLEDGE is not a couch whereupon to rest a searching and restless spirit; nor a terrace for a wandering and varia ble mind to walk up and down in; nor a tower of state for a proud mind to raise itself upon; nor a commanding fort for strife and contention; nor yet a shop for profit and sale, but a rich storehouse for the glory of the Creator, and the relief of man's estate.-BACON.

WHEN the Princess Anne, daughter of Charles the First (who died, the 8th of December, 1640), lay upon her deathbed, and nature was almost spent, she was desired by one of her attendants to pray: she said that she was not able tc say her long prayer, meaning the Lord's Prayer, but she would say her short one, "Lighten mine eyes, O Lord, that I sleep not the sleep of death." The little innocent had no sooner pronounced these words, than she expired: she was not quite four years of age.- -Granger's Biographical History of England.

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THE ALLIGATOR.

THE annexed engraving, which has been reduced from the original of Madame Merian, the German naturalist, represents this formidable reptile in the act of seizing a serpent engaged in the destruction of the alligator's eggs. The greatest enemies to the increase of these terrific creatures are serpents of all descriptions, which abound in the hot climates where the alligator is found, and break and devour great quantities of their eggs. The number of eggs produced by them is so great, that if they were not subject to many casualties, the countries they inhabit would be completely overrun with them. The alligator itself is also said to lessen the number of its progeny, by destroying many when very young.

The Crocodile of the Nile, of which genus the alligator is but a species, also finds an enemy in a little animal, about the size of a pole-cat, called the ichneumon, which is peculiarly quick in discovering the place in which the eggs are concealed. The term alligator is applied to the various species of Crocodiles that are found in America, while the name Gavial has been given to such as inhabit the East Indies and the islands of the Indian Ocean, and the original word is more especially used when speaking of that species which abounds in the Nile. In the central parts of Africa, the crocodiles attain a very large size, in many instances being found as much as thirty feet in length. Their principal places of resort are the banks of rivers, swampy grounds, overgrown with weeds, and inland lakes; but they never approach the salt water. The natives who inhabit these districts are in constant fear of these enormous creatures, yet, although their power of doing mischief is extremely great, their natural timidity, and the low state of their instinctive faculties, allow them, comparatively, but few opportunities of exerting it.

Many strange tales have been told of their peculiarities, which later observations have proved to be unfounded; among other errors, it was.supposed that they possessed the faculty, known in no other animal, of

moving the upper instead of the lower jaw. The peculiar manner in which the lower jaw is attached to the upper has been the cause of this error. In quadrupeds, the point at which the bones are jointed, is always on the under part, but in the crocodile that point is behind, and in consequence of the shortness of its legs, and the great length of its jaw, the reptile is compelled to throw back its head before it can open its mouth; an operation which produces, in a certain degree, the appearance of moving the upper jaw. Its movements, though, in particular cases, very rapid, are, in others, much limited; in a straight line, it can run with considerable speed; but its power of motion sideways is much restricted, from the little pliability of the joints of the back, and the thickness of its external covering. The swiftness, however, with which the head is turned, is very great; and this, in addition to its sideway movement, would render it rather unsafe to any enemy placed by its side, unless at a considerable distance.

The general opinion respecting these creatures is, that their ferocity and intractability are so great as to render them perfectly untameable; but experience in other classes of the animal creation ought to have taught us that every animal, under proper management, must bend to the mental superiority of man. We have also many instances on record to the same effect.

The priests of the temple of Memphis, in Egypt, in the celebration of their heathen mysteries, were in the habit of introducing tame crocodiles, as objects of worship to the deluded multitude. They were fed from the hands of their conductors, and decorated with jewels and wreaths of flowers. It is also reported, by the traveller Bruce, that the children in Abyssinia frequently amuse themselves by riding on the backs of these reptiles with perfect impunity. They have been also employed for the purpose of defence. The fortifications of the Dutch, in the island of Java, are surrounded by water; and, to prevent the desertion of their soldiers, or the approach

of their enemies, they placed crocodiles in the ditches, | to deter either from crossing them.

The age to which they live must be very great, from the slowness of their growth, and the large size they attain. The eggs, from which they are produced, are not larger than those of a goose, which, considering the magnitude of the full-grown animal, is another surprising fact.

The Crocodile swallows its prey whole, and feeds indifferently on fish or small quadrupeds; and the upper teeth, instead of resting with their points upon the under when the mouth is closed, enter between them, and thus prevent all chance of escape. It but rarely attacks mankind. On either side of the under part of the lower jaw, a small opening is found, from which the creature can force, at will, a liquid possessing the smell of musk. This property has been lately noticed by Mr. Thomas Bell, in a paper inserted in the Transactions of the Royal Society of London, and, in his opinion, the reptile employs it for the purpose of attracting fish into the places it haunts.

RICH AND POOR.

BESIDES those who work for their living, some at a higher rate and some at a lower, there are others who I do not live by their labour at all, but are rich enough to subsist on what they, or their fathers, have laid up. There are many of these rich men, indeed, who do hold laborious offices, as magistrates and members of parliament. But this is at their own choice. They do not labour for their subsistence, but live on their property.

There can be but few of such persons, compared with those who are obliged to work for their living. But though there can be no country where all, or the greater part, are rich enough to live without labour, there are several countries where all are poor; and in those countries where all are forced to live by their labour, the people are much worse off than most of the labourers are in this country. In savage nations, almost every one is half-starved at times, and generally half-naked. But in any country in which property is secure, and the people industrious, the wealth of that country will increase; and those who are the most industrious and frugal, will gain more than such as are idle and extravagant, and will lay by something for their children; who will thus be born to a good property.

Young people who make good use of their time, are quick at learning, and grow up industrious and steady, may, perhaps, be able to earn more than enough for their support, and so have the satisfaction of leaving some property to their children; and if they, again, should, instead of spending this property, increase it by honest diligence, prudence, and frugality, they may, in time, raise themselves to wealth. Several of the richest families in the country have risen in this manner from a low station. It is, of course, not to be expected that many poor men should become rich; nor ought any man to set his heart on being so: but it is an allowable, and a cheering thought, that no one is shut out from the hope of bettering his condition, and providing for his children.

And would you not think it hard that a man should not be allowed to lay by his savings for his children? But this is the case in some countries, where property is so ill-secured that a man is liable to have all his savings forced from him, or seized upon at his death; and there all the people are miserably poor, because no one thinks it worth his while to attempt saving any thing.

There are some countries which were formerly very

productive and populous, but which now, under the tyrannical government of the Turks, or other such people, have become almost deserts. In former times, Barbary produced silk; but now most of the mulberry-trees (on whose leaves the silk-worms are fed) are decayed: and no one thinks of planting fresh trees, because he has no security that he shall be allowed to enjoy the produce.

Can it be supposed that the poor would be better off if all the property of the rich were taken away and divided among them, and no one allowed to become rich for the future? The poor would then be much worse off than they are now; they would still have to work for their living as they do now; for food and clothes cannot be had without somebody's labour. But they would not work near so profitably as they do now; because no one would be able to keep up a large manufactory or farm, well stocked, and to advance wages to workmen, as is done now, for work which does not bring in any return for, perhaps, a year or two. Every one would live, as the saying is, "from hand to mouth," just tilling his own little patch of ground enough to keep him alive, and not daring to lay by any thing, because if he were supposed to be rich, he would be in danger of having his property taken away and divided.

And if a bad crop, or a sickly family, brought any one into distress, which would soon be the case with many, what could he do after he had spent his little property? He would be willing to work for hire; but no one could afford to employ him except in something that would bring in a very speedy return. For even those few who might have saved a little money would be afraid to have it known, for fear of being forced to part with it. They would hide it somewhere in a hole in the ground, which used formerly to be a common practice in this country, and still is in some others, where property is very scarce. Under such a state of things the whole country would become poorer and poorer every year. For each man would labour no more than just enough for his immediate supply; and would also employ his labour less profitably than now, for want of a proper division of labour; and no one would attempt to lay by any thing, because he would not be sure of being allowed to keep it. In consequence of all this, the whole produce of the land, and labour of the country would become much less than it is now; and we should soon be reduced to the same general wretchedness and distress which prevails in many half-savage countries. The rich, indeed, would have become poor; but the poor instead of improving their condition, would be much worse off than before. All would soon be as miserably poor as the most destitute beggars are now. Indeed, so far worse, that there would be nobody to beg of.

It is best for all parties, the rich, the poor, and the middling, that property should be secure, and that every one should be allowed to possess what is his own, and to gain whatever he can by honest means, and to keep it or spend it, as he thinks fit,-provided he does no one any injury. Some rich men, indeed, make a much better use of their fortune than others : but one who is ever so selfish in his disposition can hardly help spending it on his neighbours. If a man has an income of 50007. a year, some people might think, at first sight, that if his estate were divided among one hundred poor families, which would give each of them 501. a year, there would thus be, by such a division, one hundred poor families the more enabled to subsist in the country. But this is quite a mistake. Such would indeed be the case if the rich man had been used to eat as much

food as one hundred poor families, and to wear out as much clothing as all of them. But we know this is not the case. He pays away his income to servants, and labourers, and tradesmen, and manufacturers of different articles, who lay out the money in food and clothing for their families. So that in reality, the same sort of division of it is made as if it had been taken away from him. He may, perhaps, if he be a selfish man, care nothing for the maintaining of all these families; but still he does maintain them. For if he should choose to spend 10001. a year in fine pictures, the painters who are employed in those pictures are as well maintained as if he had made them a present of the money, and left them to sit idle. The only difference is, that they feel they are honestly earning their living, instead of subsisting on charity; but the total quantity of food and clothing in the country is neither the greater nor the less in the one case than in the other. But if a rich man instead of spending all his income, saves a great part of it, this saving will almost always be the means of maintaining a still greater number of industrious people. For a man who saves, hardly ever, in these days at least, hoards up gold and silver in a box, but lends it out on good security, that he may receive interest upon it. Suppose, instead of spending 10007. a year on paintings, he saves that sum every year. Then this money is generally borrowed by farmers or manufacturers, or merchants, who can make a profit by it in the way of their business over and above the interest they pay for the use of it. And in order to do this, they lay it out in employing labourers to till the ground, or to manufacture cloth and other articles, or to import foreign goods by which means the corn, and cloth, and other commodities of the country are increased.

The rich man, therefore, though he appears to have so much larger a share allotted to him, does not really consume it, but is only the channel through which it flows to others. And it is by this means much better distributed than it could have been otherwise.

The mistake of which I have been speaking, of supposing that the rich cause the poor to be the worse off, was exposed long ago in the fable of the stomach and the limbs :

"Once on a time," says the fable, "all the other members of the body began to murmur against the stomach, for employing the labours of all the rest, and consuming all that they helped to provide, without doing any thing in return. So they all agreed to strike work, and refused to wait upon this idle stomach any longer. The feet refused to carry it about; the hands resolved to put no food into the mouth for it; the nose refused to smell for it, and the eyes to look out in its service; and the ears declared they would not even listen to the dinner-bell; and so of all the rest. But after the stomach had been left empty for some time, all the members began to suffer. The legs and arms grew feeble; the eyes became dim, and all the body languid and exhausted. "Oh, foolish members," said the stomach, "you now perceive that what you used to supply to me, was in reality supplied to yourselves. I did not consume for myself the food that was put into me, but digested it, and prepared it for being changed into blood, which was sent through various channels as a supply for each of you. If you are occupied in feeding me, it is by me in turn, that the bloodvessels which nourish you, are fed."

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he himself has no design or wish to benefit them. On the other hand, a rich man who seeks for deserving objects to relieve and assist, and is, as the Apostle expresses it, "ready to give, and glad to distribute, is laying up in store for himself a good foundation for the time to come, that he may lay hold on eternal life." It is plain from this, and from many other such injunctions of the Apostles, that they did not intend to destroy the security of property among Christians, which leads to the distinction between the rich and the poor, For, their exhortations to the rich, to be kind and charitable to the poor, would have been absurd if they had not allowed that any of their people should be rich. And there could be no such thing as charity in giving any thing to the poor, if it were not left to each man's free choice, to give, or spend, what is his own. Indeed, nothing can be called your own, which you are not left free to dispose of as you will. The very nature of charity implies, that it must be voluntary; for no one can be properly said to give any thing that he has no power to withhold. The Apostle Paul, indeed goes yet farther, when he desires each man" to give according as he is disposed in his heart, and not grudgingly, because "God loveth a cheerful giver.”

When men are thus left to their own inclinations, to make use of their money, each as he is disposed in his heart, we must expect to find that some will choose to spend it, merely on their own selfish enjoyments. Such men, although, as you have seen, they do contribute to maintain many industrious families without intending it, yet are themselves not the less selfish and odious. But still we are not the less forbidden to rob, or defraud, or annoy them. Scripture forbids us to "covet our neighbour's goods," not because he makes a right use of them, but because they are his.

When you see a rich man who is proud and selfish, perhaps you are tempted to think how much better a use you would make of wealth, if you were as rich as he. I hope you would: but the best proof that you can give that you would behave well if you were in another's place, is by behaving well in your own. God has appointed to each his own trials, and his own duties; and He will judge you, not according to what you think you would have done in some different station, but according to what you have done, in that station in which He has placed you.

A CHINESE PRISON. dated with private apartments, cards, servants, and every PRISONERS, who have money to spend, can be accommoluxury. The prisoners' chains and fetters are removed from their bodies, and suspended against the wall of the apartment, till the hour arrives when the higher authorities go the rounds: after that ceremony is over, they are again hung up, where they hurt no one.

But those who have no money to bribe the keepers are in a woful condition. Not only are they deprived of every alleviation of their sufferings, but actual infliction of punish ment is added, to extort money, to buy "burnt-offerings to the god of the Jail," (as the phrase goes). For this pur pose, the prisoners are frequently tied up, and flogged; at night, they are fettered down to a board, neck, wrists, and ancles, amid filth of the most disgusting nature, whilst the rats are permitted to gnaw their limbs. This place of torment is proverbially called, in ordinary speech, Te-yuk, a term equivalent to the worst sense of the word Hell.Canton Register. M. A. B.

THE Emperor Constantine the Great, said, his life was something more honourable than that of shepherds, but much more troublesome.- -JEREMY TAYLOR.

You see then, that a rich man, even though he may care for no one but himself, can hardly avoid benefiting his neighbours But this is no merit of his, if | dience and self-restraint.

IF you desire the happiness of your child, teach him obe

THE DEVIL'S BRIDGE.

ANNIVERSARIES IN JANUARY.

MONDAY, 21st

Agnes. Fabian. 1790 The French deputy, M. Guillotin, proposed to the National Assembly the adoption of that dreadful instrument of death, 1790 Attempt to destroy King George the Third, by throwing a large stone through the window of his carriage, as he was passing through St. James's Park, to open the session of Parliament. 1793 Louis the Sixteenth, King of the French, beheaded by his rebellious subjects, at Paris.

which has ever since borne his name.

1814 Bernardin de St. Pierre, author of the Studies of Nature and Paul and Virginia, died, near Paris, aged 77. TUESDAY, 22nd.

Vincent.

1654 Oliver Cromwell entered the House of Commons with his soldiers having abused the Members, he turned them out of the House, and put an end to the Long Parliament, by locking the doors, and taking away the key in his pocket! 1788 Lord Byron, the poet, born.

1823 J. J. Angerstein, the founder of the Angerstein (now the National) Gallery of Pictures, died.

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1792 Sir Joshua Reynolds died.

1806 The Right Hon. William Pitt died, at Putney, in Surrey. 1820 Edward, Duke of Kent, died at Sidmouth, in Devonshire. THURSDAY, 24th.

1712 Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, born at Berlin.

FRIDAY, 25th. CONVERSION OF ST. PAUL. This miraculous event took place in the year 36 of the Christian era, as Paul was travelling to Damascus; from whence he was going to bring all persons to Jerusalem, to be tried and put to death, whom he shoul' find believing in the name of Christ. After his conversion, he became a most zealous and active preacher of the very religion which he had been so violently engaged in destroying. He was the great Apostle of the Gentiles. This festival was established at a very early period.

SATURDAY, 26th.

1815 Napoleon escaped from the island of Elba.

PONTY MONACH (the MONK'S BRIDGE), or, as it is vulgarly called, the Devil's Bridge, is situated in Cardiganshire, in South Wales. It is a single arch,

of between twenty and thirty feet span, thrown over another arch, which crosses a tremendous chasm. According to tradition, the lower arch was constructed by the monks of the neighbouring abbey, called Strata Florida Abbey, about the year 1087, but this is not correct, as the abbey itself was not founded till 1164. The country people, in superstitious days, deeming it a work of supernatural ability, gave it the strange name by which it is now generally known. Giraldus mentions having passed over it in 1188, when travelling through Wales with Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, to preach in favour of the Crusades.

The upper arch was built over the other at the expense of the county, in 1753, and the iron balustrades were added by Mr. Johnes in 1814. The lower arch may be distinctly viewed by looking over the upper bridge; but the whole scene is so enveloped in wood, that the depth is not perceived; and many an incurious traveller has passed the Devil's Bridge without distinguishing its circumstances from an ordinary road. The cleft over which these two bridges extend has evidently been enlarged, and was perhaps originally produced by the incessant attack of the impetuous river Mynach on the solid wall of rock. In order to view the scenery of this romantic spot, the visiter should first cross the bridge, and then descend by the right of it to the bottom of the aper

1823 Dr. Edward Jenner, the discoverer of vaccination, died at ture, through which the Mynach drives its furious

Berkeley, in Gloucestershire.

SUNDAY, 27th.

THE THIRD SUNDAY AFTER EPIPHANY.

1773 The Duke of Sussex born.

1823 Dr. Charles Hutton, the mathematician, died, aged 86.

TO MY SON.

My little boy! I love to see
Thy playful wiles, thy motions free,
Thy roguish looks, thy smiling face,
Thy tottering, unsteady pace,
Thy little, persevering ways,
Thy restless limbs, thy earnest gaze!
My little boy! I love to hear
Thy tiny footsteps, pattering near;
The little imitative sounds,

With which thy scanty speech abounds;
Thy liquid tones, thy soft appeals,
Which oft my rugged manhood feels,
And, shaking off all graver care,
Is forced in thy delights to share!
Oh! what, dear boy! in future years,
Will be thy father's hopes and fears?
Perhaps, thy smooth and tiny brow,
That seems to mock reflection now,
Contracted with a thoughtful look,
Will trace, in many a learned book,
Profoundest truths,-or wondering gaze,
Perplex'd in subtle error's maze.
Oh! happy task, thy views to clear,
To warn, to stimulate, to cheer!

A moment's space let dreams like these
A father's wandering fancy please,
Who feels how different may be,
Dear boy! thy fate's reality.

Full soon, o'er thy untimely grave,
May sorrow its full measure have;
Full soon But why this anxious care?
Let idle terrors melt in prayer.

May Christ, my son! whose child thou art,
Give thee a pious, humble heart;
Enable thee to conquer sin,

And, late or soon, heaven's joy to win!
I venture not to add to this

A second prayer, for earthly bliss.-T. K.A.

passage, having descended from the mountains about five miles to the north-east. The effect of the double arch is picturesque; and the narrowness of the cleft, darkened by its artificial roof, increases the solemn gloom of the abyss.

On regaining the road, the second descent must be made by passing through a small wood, at the distance of a few yards from the bridge, to view the four successive falls from the point of a rock in front. Each of these is received into a deep pool at the bottom, but so diminished to the eye, at the present point of view, as almost to resemble one continued cascade. The first fall takes place at a short distance from the bridge, where the river is confined to narrow limits by the rocks. It is carried about six feet over the ridge, and projected into a basin at the depth of eighteen feet. Its next leap is sixty feet, and the third is diminished to twenty, when it encounters rocks of prodigious size, through which it struggles to the edge of the largest cataract, and pours in one unbroken torrent down a precipice of 110 feet.

The height of the various falls is as follows :—first fall, 18 feet; second fall, 60; third fall, 20; and fourth fall, or grand cataract, 110; from the bridge to the water, 114; making, altogether, 322 feet.

As, however, no allowance is here made for the inclined direction of the river in many parts (and there are numerous interruptions to its passage), the total height from the bridge to the level of the stream, at its junction with the Rheidol, may be computed at nearly 500 feet. The rocks on each side of the fall rise perpendicularly to the height of 800 feet, and are finely clothed with innumerable trees, vegetating between the crevices, and forming one vast forest.

Near the Devil's Bridge, by the side of the Mynach Falls, is the Robbers' Cave, near the basin of the first fall. This is a dark cavern, inhabited in the fifteenth century by two men and their sister, called Plant Matt, or Matthew's children, who infested the neighbourhood as plunderers, and who continued

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