Campaign in Epirus. Battle of Pharsalia. Flight of Pompeius, and his Cæsar lands at Alexandria, and engages in a assassination in Egypt. war with the Egyptians. Consuls: Q. Fufius Calenus. P. Vatinius. A. U. 707. B. C. 47. C. Julius Cæsar dictator II. The war with Egypt, death of Ptolemæus, and restoration of Cleopatra. The war against Pharnaces. Cæsar returns to Rome and quells a mutiny among his soldiers. Commencement of the African war. A. U. 708. B. C. 46. Consuls: C. Julius Cæsar III. M. Æmilius Lepidus. The war in Africa. Battle of Thapsus. Death of Cato at Utica. Cæsar returns to Rome and triumphs. Commencement of the war against Cn. Pompeius in Spain. A. U. 709. B. C. 45. Consuls: C. Julius Cæsar IV. Q. Fabius Maximus. C. Caninius Rebilus suffect. C. Julius Cæsar dictator III. The first year of the Julian calendar. Cn. Pompeius defeated and slain. Cæsar triumphs. Complete establishment of his power. funeral. Flight of the Liberators. Octavius assumes the inheritance of Cæsar. Jealousy between him and Antonius, and mutual preparations for war. Brutus and Cassius arm in the East, Decimus in the Cisalpine. Consuls: C. Vibius Pansa. A. Hirtius. A. U. 711. B. C. 43. C. Julius Cæsar Octavianus (Octavius). Q. Pedius. P. Ventidius suffect. Cicero's patriotism and activity. Battles before Mutina, and deaths of Hirtius and Pansa. Octavius seizes the consulship, and unites with Antonius and Lepidus. The second Triumvirate. The proscriptions. Assassination of Cicero. Consuls: L. Antonius Pietas. A. U. 713. B. C. 41. P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus II. Antonius in Asia Minor and Cilicia; goes with Cleopatra to Egypt. Octavius at Rome. The war of Perusia. L. Cornelius Balbus, P. Canidius Crassus, suffecti. End of the war of Perusia. Antonius leaves Egypt; meets Fulvia at Sicyon. Death of Fulvia, and peace of Brundisium. Marriage of Antonius and Octavia. The triumvirs make war upon Sextus Pompeius. A. U. 715. B. C. 39. Consuls: L. Marcius Censorinus. C. Calvisius Sabinus. The peace of Misenum. Octavius and Antonius in Rome. Octavius in Gaul. Antonius at Athens. Ventidius defeats the Parthians. A. U. 716. B. C. 38. Consuls: Ap. Claudius Pulcher. C. Norbanus Flaccus. The Sicilian war. Antonius at Samosata. Ventidius triumphs over the Parthians. M. Vipsanius Agrippa crosses the Rhine. The triumvirate prolonged for a second term of five years. Consuls: M. Agrippa. A. U. 717. B. C. 37. L. Caninius Gallus. Continuation of the Sicilian war. Octavius and Antonius meet at Ta rentum. Construction of the Portus Julius by Agrippa. A. U. 718. B. C. 36. Consuls: L. Gellius Publicola. L. Munatius Plancus II. suffect. M. Cocceius Nerva. End of the Sicilian war. Overthrow and Flight of Sextus Pompeius. Deposition of Lepidus. Disasters of Antonius in Parthia. A. U. 719. B. C. 35. Consuls: L. Cornificius. Sex. Pompeius (not the son of Pompeius Magnus). Octavius makes war against the Alpine tribes and in Illyricum. Sextus Pompeius slain in Asia. Antonius with Cleopatra in Egypt. He forbids Octavia to come to him. Octavius subdues the Dalmatæ in Illyricum. Antonius captures Artavasdes, king of Armenia. Assumes an arrogant demeanour at Alexandria. A. U. 721. B. C. 33. Consuls: C. Julius Cæsar Octavianus II. P. Autronius Pætus suffect. L. Volcatius Tullus. Third campaign of Octavius in Illyricum. Antonius at Alexandria. Rupture between Octavius and Antonius. Preparations for war. Antonius winters in Samos. A. U. 723. B. C. 31. Consuls: C. Julius Cæsar Octaviaņus III. M. Valerius Messala Corvinus. Battle of Actium. Flight of Antonius and Cleopatra to Egypt. A. U. 724. B. C. 30. Consuls: C. Julius Cæsar Octavianus IV. M. Licinius Crassus. Octavius reaches Egypt in pursuit of Antonius. Death of Antonius and Cleopatra. Egypt reduced to the form of a province. A. U. 725. B. C. 29. Consuls: C. Julius Cæsar Octavianus V. Sex. Appuleius. Octavius passes through Asia and Greece: returns to Rome in the summer. His three triumphs in August. CONTENTS. Aristocratical reaction against the popular legislation of the Gracchi. -War with Jugurtha and the Cimbri.- Caius Marius.-His seven consulships.-Tribunate of Saturninus. His overthrow and death Claims of the Latins and Italians to the full Roman civitas.-M. Livius Drusus exerts himself to obtain their enfranchisement, and is assas- sinated. The Social or Marsian war.-' The franchise conceded by the Lex Julia and Lex Plautia Papiria |