object, and fuch was the light in which it was viewed by those members of Congrefs who were not devoted to France. Nevertheless, MADISON revived his project of commercial difcrimination, and, on the 3d of January, 1794, propofed the following refolutions :- Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that the intereft of the United States would be promoted by further reftrictions and higher duties, in certain cafes, on the manufactures and navigation of foreign nations, employed in the commerce of the United States, than thofe now impofed. 1. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that an additional duty ought to be laid on the following articles, manufactured by European nations, having no commercial treaty with the United States: On all articles, of which leather is the material of chief value, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem. On all manufactured iron, fteel, tin, pewter, copper, brafs, or articles of which either of these metals is the material of chief value, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem. On all articles of which cotton is the material of chief value, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem. On all cloths, of which wool is the material of chief value, where the estimated value on which the duty payable is above an additional duty of per centum ad valorem ; an additional duty of where fuch value is below per centum ad valorem. On all cloths, of which hemp or flax is the material of chief value, and of which the estimated value on which the duty is payable is below an additional duty of centum ad valorem. per centum ad valorem. per On all manufactures of which filk is the material of chief value, an additional duty of 2. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that an additional duty of per ton ought to be laid on the veffels belonging to nations having no commercial treaty with the United States. 3. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that the duty on veffels belonging to nations having commercial treaties with the United States ought to be reduced to per ton. 4. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that where any nation may refuse to confider as veffels of the United States, any veffels not built within the United States, the foreign-built veffels of fuch nation ought to be fubjected to a like refufal, unless built within the United States. 5. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that where any nation may refufe to admit the produce or manufactures of the United States, unless in veffels belonging to the United States, or to admit them in veffels of the United States, if last imported from any place not within the United States, a like restriction ought A A 4 after' after the day of to be extended to the produce and manufactures of fuch nation, and that, in the mean time, a duty. of per ton extraordinary ought to be imposed on veffels fo importing any fuch produce or manufacture. 6. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that where any nation may refute to the vefiels of the United States a carriage of the produce or manufactures thereof, whilft fuch produce or manufactures are admitted by it in its own veffels, it would be just to make the restriction reciprocal: but inasmuch as fuch a measure, if fuddenly adopted, might be particularly diftreffing in cafes which merit the benevolent attention of the United States, it is expedient, for the prefent, that a tonnage extraordinary only of be imposed on the veffels fo employed: and that all diftilled fpirits imported therein fhall be fubjected to an additional duty of one part of the exifting duty. 7. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that provifion ought to be made for liquidating and atcertaining the loffes fuftained by citizens of the United States, from the operation of particular regulations of any country contravening the law of nations, and that fuch loffes be reimbursed, in the first instance, out of the additional duties on the manufactures, productions, and veffels of the nation eftablishing fuch unlawful regulations. Of thefe refolutions, which were finally negatived, I fhall only obferve, that the French Minifter Fauchet, in his famous difpatch (fee vol. i. p. 279), informed the Directory, that Jefferfon was the real author of them, though they were brought forward by Madison. Events, however, foon furnished the French faction with a ground for renewing their hoftility against Great Britain, and with a greater profpect of fuccefs than ever. The reception of GENET by the people of America, his being permitted to fit out privateers, and to man them with Americans; every thing, in fhort, feemed to forebode a junction of the forces of the United States to thofe of France; to favour whom the proclamation of neutrality appeared, for a long time, to be merely a cloak. Thefe appearances, though they really mifreprefented the views of the Federal Government, were fufficient to juftify a rigorous meafure of precaution, on the part of the English Government, who, at the close of 1793, iffued the following inftructions: I 66 GEORGE "GEORGE R. "Additional Inftructions to the Commanders of all our Ships of War and Privateers, that (L.S.)have or may have Letters of Marque against France. Given at our Court at St. James's, the 6th day of November 1793, in the thirtyfourth year of our reign. "That they shall stop and detain all fhips laden with goods, the produce of any colony belonging to France, or carrying provifions or other fupplies for the use of fuch colony, and shall bring the fame, with their cargoes, to legal adjudication in our Courts of Admiralty. 66 By his Majesty's command, " HENRY DUNDAS." On this order, the New Annual Regifter has the following remark: 66 "Why this order was iffued, or why it was revoked, it is impoffible to fay. The politics of Mr. Pitt are entirely of a novel fpecies, and are fo contrary "to thofe of all preceding ftatesmen, as to baffle "every effort of the historian to explain or comprehend "them." This ignorant or malicious "hiftorian" may now correct his error, or his mifrepresentation. This order, and this order alone, put an end to the manning of French privateers in American ports, which, had it continued, would have ruined our West India commerce and our Weft India iflands. Mr. HAMMOND, our Minifter at Philadelphia, remonftrated in vain against this breach of neutrality, which nothing but the order of Council, or fomething equally energetic, could ever have put an end to. Soon after this order of Council was iffued, the United States Government began to act, in earnest, against those who disobeyed the proclamation of neutrality. This order reached Philadelphia in the month of March, 1794. It threw the Congress into confufion. Many of thofe, who had voted against the resolu tions of Madison, were now ready to vote for meafures much more violent. Town meetings were called, in different parts of the country; their inflammatory resolves were circulated with induftry, and read with great, and almost general fatisfaction. Before any decifive ftep was taken by the Congrefs, the following order, which was rather a miti gation of that of the 6th of November, was received in America. "Inftructions to the Commanders of our Ships of "War and Privateers, that have or may have Let"ters of Marque against France. Given at our "Court at St. James's the 8th of January, 1794. "Whereas, by a former instruction to the com"manders of our fhips of war and privateers, dated "the 6th day of November, 1793, we fignified that 66 they should stop and detain all ships laden with "goods, the produce of any colony belonging to "France, or carrying provifions or other fupplies "for the use of any fuch colony, and should bring "the fame with their cargoes to legal adjudication; we are pleased to revoke the faid inftructions, and "in lieu thereof, have thought fit to iffue these our "inftructions, to be duly obferved by the command"ers of all our fhips of war and privateers that have 6< or may have letters of marque against France. "1ft. That they may bring in, for lawful adjudication, all veffels with their cargoes, that are "laden with goods, the produce of the French West "India iflands, and coming directly from any port "of the faid iflands to any part of Europe. "2d. That they fhall bring in, for lawful adjudi"cation, all fhips, with their cargoes, that are laden "with goods, the produce of the faid iflands, the "property of which goods fhall belong to fubjects "of France, to whatfoever ports they may be "bound. 3d. That they fhall feize all fhips that fhall "be "be found attempting to enter any port of the faid "islands that is or fhall be blockaded by the arms "of his Majefty or his allies, and shall send them in "with their cargoes for adjudication, according to "the terms of the fecond article of the former in"ftructions, bearing date 8th of June, 1793. 4th. That they shall feize all veffels laden, "wholly or in part, with naval or military ftores, "bound to any port of the faid iflands, and fhall "fend them into fome convenient port belonging to "his Majesty, in order that they, together with their cargoes, may be proceeded against according ❝to the rules of the law of nations. (Signed) "H. DUNDAS." This order had hardly made its appearance in the American papers, when the following (commonly called Lord Dorchefter's talk) came out through the fame channel. Reply of his Excellency Lord DORCHESTER, to the Indians of the feven Villages of Lower Canada, as Deputies from all the Nations who were at the General Council held at the Miami, in the Year 1793, except the Chawauous, Miamis, and Loups. CHILDREN, "I have well confidered your words, and am ❝ now prepared to reply. 66 CHILDREN, "You have informed me that you are deputed "by the seven villages of Lower Canada, and by "all the nations of the Upper Country which fent deputies to the General Council held at the "Miamis, except the Chawauous, Miamis, and "Loups. "CHILDREN, "You remind me of what paffed at the Council "Fire held at Quebec juft before my last departure for England, when I promised to reprefent their "fituation and wishes to the King their father, and 66 expreffed |