DARCIE, ABRAHAM , calls himself in his work femily Abraham de Ville Darcie. According to the in-portrait by Delaram, he was er Darcie, and a native of Jer, speaking of his translation ys that he knew no Latin. He been attached to the households of Lennox, of the Earl of Derby, Howard family. He wrote: 1. 'The Ladies; or a True Description of le Perfections (a prose treatise),' F. Snodham, 1622. Only one copy of is believed to be known, and that is tish Museum. 2. 'The Originall of s; or the Birth of Heresies. With the e and lively anatomy of the Sacrifice Masse, translated by Darcy from the h. The original is attributed by the transI-aac Casaubon, but the French version no name on the title-page, and Casaubon not appear to be the author. 3. 'Frances, chesse Dowager of Richmond and Lenox, c., her Funerall Teares. Or Larmes Funebres .. Françoise, Duchesse Dowagere de Richind. pour la Mort . . . de son cher -poux,'in both French and English, together with an account of the Duke of Lennox's funeral in English; Funerall Complaints,' in French and English verse; 'Funerall Consolations,' in English verse alone; 'An Exy hortation to Forsake the World,' in verse, and a homily on 'The World's Contempt' [Lone, don, 1624]. A Monumentall Pyramide,' at published by Darcy in 1624, is another vernl- sion of his elegy on the Duke of Richmond. DDD, 4. A translation (1625) of Camden's 'Annals' He (1558-88), from the French of P. de Belligent, y of dedicated to James I. Elaborately engraved ctured titlepages appear in all copies, and in some lity of Delaram's valuable portrait of Darcy is printed bly at on the last page. A second part, published in 6, and 1629, completes Camden's book; it was transhighly lated by T. Browne, and is usually bound up ted in the with Darcy's work. In a copy at the British Diaries, Museum are two portraits of Darcy. Darcy is Wood says also credited with the following books, which pures and are not in the British Museum:- Elegy on Catechized James and Charles, sons of Thomas Eger as desert him in 1860. Notwithstanding, the sect continued to spread. Darby visited Canada in 1859, 1864, 1868, and 1870. In 1869 he was in Germany, where he took part in a translation of the Old Testament into German. He went to the United States of America in 1870, 1872, 1873, and 1874, to New Zealand in 1875, and at a subsequent period to the West Indies. Between 1878 and 1880 he was occupied with his translation of the Old Testament into French, and resided for a long time at Pau. About this period the Darbyites again divided, and two portions, leaving the main body, respectively followed a Mr. W. Kelly and a Mr. Cluff. The society, which had been founded on the lines of primitive christianity, had now developed into the sternest ecclesiasticism. Though Darby's works are largely doctrinal and controversial, his delight was in writing devotional and practical treatises. He was also a hymn writer, and the hymnal in general use among the brethren' was last edited by him. He died at Bournemouth on 29 April 1882. He was a most voluminous writer under his own name, under his initials J. N. D., and also anonymously. Mr. Kelly has brought out a collected edition of a portion of these works in thirty-two volumes and promises a further instalment. Groves in this movement, and in 1828 issued his first pamphlet, The Nature and Unity of the Church of Christ.' The perusal of this book disturbed many minds in the protestant churches, and so swelled the ranks of the 'brethren' that in 1830 a public assembly' was opened in Aungier Street, Dublin. To promulgate these new views Darby in 1830 visited Paris, and afterwards Cambridge and Oxford. At Oxford he met Benjamin Wills Newton, at whose request he went to Plymouth. The first meeting-place of the sect in that town was Providence Chapel, from which circumstance the 'brethren' were often spoken of as 'Providence people,' but in country places were known Brethren from Plymouth,' and hence the name, which afterwards became general, 'Plymouth Brethren.' In 1834 they commenced a magazine called 'The Christian Witness,' to which Darby contributed. As early as 1836 differences of opinion took place, and Groves addressed a letter to Darby pointing out to him that he was departing from the first principles of the 'brethren.' The subject in dispute was whether each meeting was to be independent and separate, or whether one central meeting was to control all the assemblies. Between 1838 and 1840 Darby worked in Switzerland, going in March 1840 to Lausanne to oppose methodism. Here his lectures on [Herzog's Religious Encyclopædia (ed. by P. prophecy made a great impression, and many Schaff, 1884), iii. 1856-9, 2592-3; Estéoule's congregations were founded in cantons Vaud, Le Plymouthisme d'autrefois et le Darbyisme Geneva, and Berne. When the jesuit in- d'aujourd'hui, Paris (1858); Croskery's Plymouth trigues caused a revolution to break out in Brethrenism (1879); Grove's Darbyism, its Rise canton Vaud in February 1845, the Darbyites and Development (1866); The close of Twentysuffered persecution, and the leader's life was eight Years' Association with J. N. D., by W.H.D. in great jeopardy. He thenceforth took a more (1866); Guinness's Who are the Plymouth Breactive lead among the English brethren, but thren? Philadelphia (1861); Times, 3 May 1882, his heart seems ever to have turned towards p. 10; Law Times, 13 May 1882, p. 34; ColSwitzerland and France. Returning to Ply-lected Writings of J. N. Darby, ed. by W. Kelly, mouth in the same year he quarrelled with B. W. Newton, the minister in that town, and on 28 Dec. started a separate assembly; this division spread to Bristol, London, and other places, and Darbyism as a sect became established in England. In 1847 he resided in Bristol, where a local disruption occurred, and the brethren became divided into two classes, the Darbyites or exclusives and the Bethesda open or loose brethren. In 1853 he paid a first visit to Elberfeld, where several assemblies of brethren ' had already been established. Here in 1854 he translated the New Testament into German, and exercised his ministry far and wide. In 1858 he wrote The Sufferings of Christ,' and in the following year The Righteousness of God.' These books plunged him into much controversy and many difficulties, and caused many of his staunchest supporters in England to 1867-83; Trotter's The whole Case of Plymouth DARBYSHIRE, THOMAS (1518-1604), jesuit, was a nephew, by the sister, to Bonner, bishop of London. He received his education at Broadgates Hall, now Pembroke College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1544, B.C.L. in 1553, and D.C.L. on 20 July 1556 (BOASE, Register of the University of Oxford, i. 207; Wood, Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 47 n., 138, 147, 151). His uncle collated him to the prebend of Totenhall in the church of St. Paul on 23 July 1543, to the rectory of Hackney on 26 May 1554, to the rectory of Fulham on 1 Oct. 1558, to the archdeaconry of Essex on 22 Oct. 1558, and to the rectory of St. Magnus, near London Bridge, on 27 Nov. 1558 (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 336, 440; NEWCOURT, Repertorium, i. 72, 215, 398, 608, 619). He was also chancellor of the diocese of London, in which capacity he was much occupied in examining protestants who were brought before Bishop Bonner about matters of faith (WOOD, Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 148). Dodd and Foley err in stating that he was advanced to the deanery of St. Paul's. On the accession of Queen Elizabeth he was conspicuous for his constancy in defending the ancient form of religion, and consequently he was deprived of all his preferments. He remained in England, however, for some time, hoping that affairs would take a turn favourable to catholicism. His co-religionists deputed him to attend the council of Trent, in order to procure an opinion upon the point, then in controversy, whether the faithful might frequent the protestant churches in order to avoid the penalties decreed against recusants. He brought back an answer to the effect that attendance at the heretical worship would be a great sin (FOLEY, Records, iii. 706). It was owing to his zealous representations that the fathers of the council passed their decree 'De non adeundis Hæreticorum ecclesiis' (OLIVER, Jesuit Collections, p. 80). He afterwards suffered imprisonment in London, and eventually quitted England (TANNER, Soc. Jesu Apostolorum Imitatrix, p. 350). He visited several parts of France and Flanders, and entered the Society of Jesus on 1 May 1563, at St. Andrew's Novitiate, Rome (DODD, Church Hist. i. 524; MORE, Hist. Missionis Anglicana Soc. Jesu, p. 15; FOLEY, vii. pt. i. p. 193). He was sent first to Monaco and then to Dillingen, whence he was sent by the pope on a mission to Scotland, along with Father Edmund Hay, to the apostolic nuncio, Vincentius Laurens, whom his holiness had consecrated bishop, and appointed his successor in the see of Monte Regale. The object of this mission does not appear, though it was probably connected with some affairs of Mary Queen of Scots (FOLEY, iii. 710). Subsequently he was ordered to proceed to France, having been appointed master of novices at Billom (CONSTABLE, Specimen of Amendments to Dodd's Church Hist. p. 73; DODD, Apology for the Church Hist. p. 103). He became a professed father of the Society of Jesus in 1572. For some years he lectured in Latin to the members of the Sodality of the Blessed Virgin. This was probably at Paris, where he was residing in 1575-6, and again in 1579 and in 1583. He was highly esteemed by Dr. Allen, whom he visited in the English college at Rheims (Douay Diaries, pp. 123, 128, 162 bis, 237, 351). Wood says he had a great skill in the Scriptures and was profound in divinity. He catechized also many years publicly at Paris in the Latin tongue, with great concourse and approbation of the most learned of that city.' Finally he retired to Pont-à-Mousson in Lorraine, where he died on 6 April 1604. Some of his letters, intercepted by the English government, found their way into the State Paper Office, and have been printed by Foley. [Authorities cited above.] T. C. DARCY or DARCIE, ABRAHAM (A. 1625), author, calls himself in his work on the Howard family Abraham de Ville Adrecie, alias Darcie.' According to the inscription on his portrait by Delaram, he was the son of Peter Darcie, and a native of Geneva. Fuller, speaking of his translation of Camden, says that he knew no Latin. He seems to have been attached to the households of the Duke of Lennox, of the Earl of Derby, and of the Howard family. He wrote: 1. 'The Honour of Ladies; or a True Description of their Noble Perfections (a prose treatise),' London, T. Snodham, 1622. Only one copy of this work is believed to be known, and that is in the British Museum. 2. 'The Originall of Idolatries; or the Birth of Heresies. With the true source and lively anatomy of the Sacrifice of the Masse,' translated by Darcy from the French. The original is attributed by the translator to Isaac Casaubon, but the French version has no name on the title-page, and Casaubon does not appear to be the author. 3. 'Frances, Duchesse Dowager of Richmond and Lenox, &c., her Funerall Teares. Or Larmes Funebres . Françoise, Duchesse Dowagere de Richmond pour la Mort . . . de son cher Espoux,'in both French and English, together with an account of the Duke of Lennox's funeral in English; Funerall Complaints,' in French and English verse; 'Funerall Consolations,' in English verse alone; An Exhortation to Forsake the World,' in verse, and a homily on 'The World's Contempt ' [London, 1624]. A Monumentall Pyramide,' published by Darcy in 1624, is another version of his elegy on the Duke of Richmond. 4. A translation (1625) of Camden's 'Annals' (1558–88), from the French of P. de Belligent, dedicated to James I. Elaborately engraved titlepages appear in all copies, and in some Delaram's valuable portrait of Darcy is printed on the last page. A second part, published in 1629, completes Camden's book; it was translated by T. Browne, and is usually bound up with Darcy's work. In a copy at the British Museum are two portraits of Darcy. Darcy is also credited with the following books, which are not in the British Museum:-Elegy on James and Charles, sons of Thomas Eger ton, lord Ellesmere' (Bridgwater Library); 'Honour's True Arbour, or the Princely Nobility of the Howards,' 1625; 'Theatre de la Gloire et Noblesse d'Albion contenant la genealogie de la Famille de Stanley,' n.d.; and (with Thomas St. Leger, M.A.) 'Honour and Virtue's Monument in memory of Elizabeth, Countess of Huntingdon, daughter of Ferdinando, Earl of Derby,' 1633. [Hunter's Chorus Vatum, in Addit. MS. 24488, ff. 517-18; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Fuller's Worthies, p. 94; Huth Libr. Cat.; Hazlitt's Handbook.] S. L. L. DARCY, JOHN (d. 1347), baron, younger son of Norman, lord Darcy of Nocton, Lincolnshire, who died in 1296, and brother of Philip, the eighth and last Baron Darcy of Nocton, served in Scotland under Edward I, was sheriff of the counties of Nottingham and Derby under Edward II, and in 1327 was sheriff of Yorkshire. He was appointed lord justice of Ireland by Edward II, reappointed by Edward III, and in 1341 received a grant of his office for life. In 1333 he was with the king in Scotland, and about two years later wasted Bute and Arran. In 1337 he was employed in embassies to Scotland and France. He served in Flanders, in Brittany (KNIGHTON), and in the war with France of 1346. He was steward of the king's household, and held a life-grant of the office of constable of the Tower. He died 30 May 1347. He married, first, Emmeline, daughter of Walter Heron, and granddaughter and heiress of William, baron Heron, who died in 1296, by whom he had two sons and a daughter; secondly, Joan, daughter of Richard de Burgh, earl of Ulster. His lands lay chiefly in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, and he is generally styled Lord Darcy of Knaith, one of his manors, to distinguish him from the elder branch of the house. He was summoned to parliament first as 'John Darcy le Cosin,' and after the death of his elder brother's heir as John Darcy. [Dugdale's Baronage, i. 371; Nicolas's Peerage, ed. Courthope, 141; H. Knighton, Twysden, col. 1581.] W. H. DARCY, PATRICK (1598-1668), Irish politician, of Kiltolla, co. Galway, seventh son of Sir James (Riveagh) Darcy, was born in 1598. His family was Roman catholic. He was educated in the common law, sat for Navan in the Irish parliament of 1634, was an active and influential member of the House of Commons in the Dublin parliament of 1640, and strenuously resisted the king's proposal in 1641 to send the disbanded Irish army into foreign service. On the outbreak of the Irish rebellion he became one of the supreme coun cil of confederated catholics at Kilkenny, and In 1646 Darcy and his nephew, Geoffrey Brown, with five others, were appointed by the general assembly of confederated catholics to arrange articles of peace with the Marquis of Ormonde. The treaty, which nominated Darcy and his friends commissioners of the peace throughout Ireland, was signed on 28 March in that year. At the Restoration Darcy complained of the injustice suffered by Galway at the hands of the royalists. He died at Dublin in 1668, and was buried at Kilconnel, co. Galway. He married Elizabeth, one of the four daughters of Sir Peter French, and left an only son, James (16331692). [Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormonde, passim ; Ware's Hist. of the Writers of Ireland (Harris), 121-2, footnote; Nalson's State Affairs, ii. 573; bk. i. p. 121; Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, i. Borlase's Hist. of the Irish Rebellion, p. 8; Cox's Hibernia Anglicana, ii. 162, and Appendix xxiv; Darcy's Argument, 1643; Harris's Hibernica, pt. ii. (preface); Hardiman's Hist. of Galway, PP. 11-12, 317.] A. W. R. D'ARCY, PATRICK, COUNT (17251779), maréchal-de-camp in the army of France, and a distinguished mathematician, belonged to an old and respectable family, said to be of French origin, but directly descended from James (Riveagh) D'Arcy, who settled in Galway about the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign and became a person of some note there. Patrick D'Arcy was born in Galway on 27 Sept. 1725. His parents, being of Jacobite and Roman catholic principles, sent him to be educated in France. As it happened, he was placed in a house where lived M. Clairaut, father of the famous mathematician, whose pupil he became, the two boys being companions. The progress of young D'Arcy in mathematics at the age of seventeen is said to have been extraordinary; it is represented as little short of that of the younger Clairaut, which was unique. He left his studies to enter the army, and after two campaigns went as aide-de-camp to the Count Fitzjames in command of a French force despatched to assist Prince Charles Edward in Scotland. The force was captured at sea by Admiral Knowles, and D'Arcy, although amenable to English laws, had the good fortune to be treated as a French officer. According to Condorcet, D'Arcy was once in London, probably at the time in question, and was treated as a man who did honour to his country. His position prevented his being chosen a member of the Royal Society, although public opinion protected him against the laws. Condorcet states that the position of an Irish catholic in those days was recognised as a sufficient excuse in the opinion of the public for bearing arms against the English government. Condorcet also says that D'Arcy was thoroughly English in his sentiments, and looked upon every success of British arms with pride; but he refused the most tempting offers of a relative in Ireland to induce him to settle under a government which he held to be headed by a usurper, as well as unjust towards his co-religionists. In March 1746-7 a vessel was ordered to convey the Count Fitzjames and his suite back to France on parole. In 1749 D'Arcy became a captain in the regiment of Condé. The same year he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences, to which he contributed two able memoirs on mechanics. 1750 he wrote a pamphlet on what he called 'conservation of action against the principle of 'least action' of Maupertuis. He then devoted himself for a time to the study of electricity, and, in conjunction with M. Roi, invented an electrometer. The same year he began to write on artillery, the collected results being published as a separate work in 1760. He made many experiments, employing the ballistic pendulum, in which the gun, and not the object fired at, is the pendulum, as well as the ordinary one. He was dissatisfied with the common law of resistance, but his experiments did not give him confidence in any other, and not leading to any result, they were lost. Hutton's 'Dictionary' states that the experiments were an improvement on those of Robins, but De Morgan believed this to be a quotation from Condorcet rather than a deliberate expression of Hutton's judgment. Condorcet's view has not been endorsed by later artillerists. The outbreak of the seven years' war called D'Arcy back to the colours, and as colonel he fought at the head of his regiment at Rosbach, and was subsequently employed in the preparations for an invasion of England. After the peace he made many experiments on the duration of vision, and wrote a memoir thereon, and others on various other subjects. In 1770 he became a maréchal-de-camp, a rank corresponding with that of assistant adjutant-general holding the rank of major-general in our service. In 1777 he married a niece, who had been educated under his own eye. He died of cholera in Paris on 18 Oct. 1779. His name does not appear in the English 'Catalogue of Scientific Papers.' [Some genealogical details will be found in James Hardiman's Hist. of Galway (1820, 4to), pp. 11, 25. The biographical particulars are chiefly taken from a notice by Professor A. De Morgan in Biog. Dict. (Soc. for Diffusion of Useful Knowledge), vol. i., based on Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet's Eloges des Academiciens, 16991790 (Paris, 1795). De Morgan observes that in the Biog. Univers. Condorcet is said to have been the object of violent and unjust hatred on the part of D'Arcy, which makes the degree of panegyric with which Condorcet's Éloge is the grounds thereof, the more remarkable, written, accompanied by detailed statement of whether we regard it as reality or affected generosity.] H. M. C. D'ARCY, ROBERT, fourth EARL OF HOLDERNESS (1718-1778), was the only surviving son of Robert, third earl of Holderness, by his wife, Lady Frederica, the eldest surviving daughter and coheiress of Meinhardt Schomberg, third duke of Schomberg. He was born in June 1718, and while a child succeeded to the title upon the death of his father on 20 Jan. 1722. His mother afterwards married Benjamin Mildmay, earl Fitzwalter, and died 7 Aug. 1751. He was educated at Westminster School under Dr. Freind, and an epigram recited by him on the occasion of the anniversary dinner of 1728, and to which his name is attached, is still preserved (Comitia Westmonasteriensium in Collegio Sancti Petri habita, &c., 1728, p. 50). He afterwards went up to Trinity Hall, Cambridge, but it does not appear that he ever took his degree. In 1740 he was appointed lord-lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and was sworn in before the council on 27 Nov. 1740. In April of the following year he |