offers him suitable consolation (ib. 343-6; Epist. ed. Jaffé, No. 55; ed. Würdt wein, No. 12). In his reply, written by an amanuensis, Daniel encourages Boniface to bear up under his trials, and, while exercising wholesome discipline as far as practicable over his clergy, not to attempt to separate himself entirely from communion with the evil, which would be impossible in this world, where the tares are ever mixed with the wheat. If such conduct involves a certain degree of apparent insincerity, he reminds him of various examples in which temporary simulation and 'economy' for a good cause appears to be sanctioned in holy scripture. He thanks him for his sympathy and begs his prayers, ending in words which manifest the deep love which existed between them: 'Farewell, farewell, thou hundredfold dearest one, though I write by the hand of another' (ib. 346; Epist. ed. Jaffé, No. 56; ed. Würdtwein, No. 13). At an earlier period (721) Daniel visited Rome (FLOR. WIG. i. 50). Ten years after this visit he assisted in the consecration of Archbishop Tatwine, in 731 (BÆDE Hist. Eccl. v. 24; FLOR. WIG. i. 52). After the loss of his sight he resigned his see (744) and retired to his old home at Malmesbury, where he died, post multiplices cælestis militiæ agones' (FLOR. WIG.), and was buried in 745 (WILL. MALM. Gest. Pont. i. 160; Anglo-Sar. Chron. sub ann.; WHARTON, Angl. Sacr. i. 195). Florence of Worcester erroneously states that Daniel made Winchester his place of retirement (Chron. i. 55). William of Malmesbury speaks of a spring at Malmesbury called after Bishop Daniel from his having been accustomed in his youthful days to pass whole nights in its waters for the purpose of mortifying the flesh (Gest. Pont. i. 357). We have a short letter of Daniel's written before 737 to Forthere, bishop of Sherborne, recommending a deacon, Merewalch, whom he had ordained out of the canonical period (HADDAN and STUBBS, iii. 337; Ep. Bonif. ed. Jaffé, No. 33; ed. Würdt wein, No. 148).

was a prosperous Middleburg merchant, who emigrated from Cornwall to Holland in early life, and made a fortune there. In Alexander's Diary' he notes that his father' made his first voyage to Embden in East Freezeland 18 March 1584,' and that his 'second voyage was to Zealand 8 March 1586.' He married Jaquelina von Meghen, widow of Rein. Copcot, 18 Feb. 1598-9, and Alexander was their first child. The mother died at Middleburg 21 Nov. 1601, and to Alexander's disgust his father married a second wife, Margaret von Ganeghan, at Dordrecht, 9 Nov. 1608. Richard Daniel was deputy governor of Middleburg in 1613; soon afterwards settled in Penzance, Cornwall; represented Truro in the parliaments of 1624 and 1628, and died at Truro 11 Feb. 1630-1. Jenkin Daniel, Richard's brother and Alexander's uncle, was mayor of Truro in 1615. Alexander was apparently educated in England: in June 1617 he was sent for a time to Lincoln College, Oxford. He married, on 20 Jan. 1625-6, Grace, daughter of John Bluet of Little Colon, when he took up his residence at Tresillian. He moved to Penzance in 1632, and to Laregon, where he built a house, in 1639; in 1634 sold some land in Brabant bequeathed him by his maternal grandmother; and died in 1668, being buried in Madron Churchyard. On his tomb are the lines

Belgia me birth, Britain me breeding gave,

Cornwall a wife, ten children, and a grave. Richard, his eldest son (b. 1626), married Elizabeth Dallery of London, 6 April 1649, and died in 1668. He is credited with the authorship of Daniel's Copybook, or a Compendium of the most useful Hands of England, Netherland, France, Spain, and Italy. Written and invented by Rich. Daniel, gent. And ingraven by Edw. Cocker, philomath," Lond., 1664. The fifth son, Eliasaph (b. 1663), was impressed by the Commonwealth navy in 1653, and served under Sir George Ayscue. The eighth and youngest son, George (b. 1637), went to London to learn the ball-trade,' founded and endowed a free school at Madron (cf. Report of Charity Commissioners, June 1876), and died 4 May 1716, being buried next his father. Alexander's sister Mary (d. 1657) was the wife of Sir George Whitmore (d. 1654).

E. V.

Mine Own Family, 1617-1668,' and (2) ‘Daniel's Meditations,' a collection of 375 pieces in verse. These works belong to Thomas Hacker Bodily, esq., of Penzance, and extracts of the first were printed by Sir Harris Nicolas in 'Gent. Mag. 1826, i. 130-2; and

of which the chief were: Sophia's Letters to the B-r-n Ger-b [i.e. Geramb], or Whiskers in the Dumps, with old sighs set to new tunes' (1812); Suppressed Evidence on R-1 Intriguing, being the History of a Courtship, Marriage, and Separation, exemplified in the fate of the Princess of by P-P -, Poet Laureat, Author of "R-1 Stripes" (1813) (suppressed), and 'The R-1 First Born, or the Baby out of his Leading Strings, containing the Particulars of a P-y Confirmation by B-p of O-g, by PP, Poet Laureat, Author ofthe suppressed poem, 1814. Daniel next turned his attention to the poetasters and petty journalists of the day, and these he satirised with some venom in The Modern Dunciad, a satire, with notes biographical and critical,' 1814, 2nd edit. 1816. His denunciations are pointed and vigorous, but his applause of Byron, Crabbe, Cowper, and Southey, to whom in later editions he added Burns, showed little critical power. In 1819 he and J. R. Planché produced More Broad Grins, or Mirth versus Melancholy,' and in 1821 Daniel edited 'Chef d'Euvres from French Authors, from Marot to Delille,' in two volumes.

In the Modern Dunciad' Daniel claims to live for old books, old wines, old customs, and old friends,' and his geniality and humorous conversation secured him a number of literary friends. He always lived at Islington, and in 1817 he made the acquaintance of Charles Lamb and of Robert Bloomfield, both of whom were his neighbours. Until Lamb's death in 1834 Daniel frequently spent the night in his society. Intercourse with actors Daniel also cultivated, and there is at the British Museum the white satin bill of the play which John Kemble on his last appearance on the stage presented to Daniel in the Covent Garden green-room, on the night of 23 June 1817. On 21 July 1818 a serio-comick-bombastick-operatick interlude' by Daniel, entitled 'Doctor Bolus,' was acted at the English Opera House (afterwards the Lyceum) with great success. The principal parts were filled by Miss Kelly, Harley, and Chatterley, and Harley was subsequently one of Daniel's most intimate friends. The piece was printed soon after its performance, and went through two editions. On 1 Dec. 1819 a musical farce, 'The Disagreeable Surprise,' by Daniel, was acted at Drury Lane, and in 1833 another of his farces, 'Sworn at Highgate,' was performed. Meanwhile he had undertaken the task of editing for John Cumberland, a publisher, his British Theatre, with Remarks Biographical and Critical, printed from the Acting Copies as performed at the Theatres Royal, London.' The first

volume was issued in 1823, and the last (thirty-ninth) in 1831. For each of the plays of this edition, which numbered nearly three hundred, and included nearly all Shakespeare's works, and the whole eighteenth-century drama, Daniel, under the initial DG,' wrote a preface. His remarks showed not only much literary taste and knowledge, but an intimate acquaintance with stage history, and an exceptional power of theatrical criticism. In 1831 and 1832 he prepared an appendix of fourteen volumes, which was known as Cumberland's 'Minor Theatre,' and in 1838 and later years these two series were republished consecutively in sixty-four volumes. Subsequently Daniel helped to edit portions of T. H. Lacy's 'Acting Edition of Plays' and Davison's 'Actable Drama, in continuation of Cumberland's Plays.' He was working at the latter series as late as 1862. His prefatorial remarks never failed to interest, although little literary value attached to the pieces under consideration, and his sharpness of perception in theatrical matters was not blunted by age. He detected the talent of Miss Marie Wilton in 1862, when witnessing her performance of T. Morton's 'Great Russian Bear.' In 1838 he had commented in similar terms on Mrs. Stirling, when editing Mrs. Cornwell's' Venus in Arms' for Cumberland. His appreciative remarks on Miss Mitford's' Rienzi' in Cumberland's series were republished separately in 1828.

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This large undertaking was Daniel's most considerable literary effort, but he found time to publish in 1829 a scurrilous attack on Charles Kean's domestic life, entitled Ophelia Kean, a dramatic legendary tale,' which was suppressed (cf. Daniel's manuscript notes in British Museum copy). In 1835 he collected and revised a few poems, The Modern Dunciad,'' Virgil in London,' which had originally appeared in 1814, 'The Times,' and some short pieces. He also contributed to 'Bentley's Miscellany' a long series of gossiping papers on old books and customs, which he issued in two volumes in 1842, under the title of 'Merrie England in the Olden Time,' with illustrations by Leech and Cruikshank. This was followed by a religious poem, "The Missionary,' in 1847, and by Democritus in London, with the Mad Pranks and Comical Conceits of Motley and Robin Goodfellow, to which are added Notes Festivous and the Stranger Guest,' in 1852. 'Democritus' is a continuation in verse of the Merrie England,' and the 'Stranger Guest' is another religious poem. His last published work was 'Love's Last Labour not Lost' (1863), and included his recollections of Charles Lamb and Robert Cruikshank, a reply

to Macaulay's essay on Dr. Johnson, and many genial essays in prose and verse. The volume concludes, a little incongruously, with a very pious and very long poem named 'Non omnis moriar.'

very

Meanwhile Daniel had been making a reputation as a collector of Elizabethan books and of theatrical curiosities. About 1830 he had moved to 18 Canonbury Square, and the house was soon crowded with valuable rarities. He secured copies of the first four folio editions of Shakespeare's works, and of very many of the quarto editions of separate plays. His collection of black-letter ballads was especially notable, and he issued in 1856 twenty-five copies of An Elizabethan Garland, being a Descriptive Catalogue of seventy Black-letter Ballads printed between 1559 and 1597.' Daniel exhibited great adroitness in purchasing these and seventy-nine other ballads of a Mr. Fitch, postmaster of Ipswich, for 501.: he sold the seventy-nine to a bookseller acting for Mr. Heber for 70%. At the sale of his library, those retained by Daniel fetched 7507. On 22 Aug. 1835 he bought at Charles Mathews's sale, for forty-seven guineas, the cassolette, or carved casket made out of the mulberry-tree of Shakespeare's garden, and presented to Garrick with the freedom of the borough of Stratford-onAvon in 1769. Daniel was very proud of this relic, and wrote a description of it, which was copiously illustrated, for C. J. Smith's 'Literary Curiosities in 1840, together with a sketch of Garrick's theatrical career, entitled "Garrick in the Green-room.' Garrick's cane was also his property, together with a rich collection of theatrical prints, a small number of water-colours by David Cox, Stansfield, Wilkie, and others. Daniel died suddenly of apoplexy, at his son's house at Stoke Newington, on 30 March 1864. By his will Garrick's cassolette passed to the British Museum, and is now on exhibition there. The rest of his literary collection was sold by auction on 20 July 1864 and the nine following days, and realised 15,8657. 128. His first folioShakespeare' fetched 7167. 28., and was purchased by the Baroness Burdett Coutts.

Three interesting volumes of cuttings from printed works and of engravings, arranged by Daniel, together with some manuscript notes by him, are now in the British Museum. They are entitled: 1. 'An Account of Garrick's Cassolette.' 2. 'An Account from contemporary sources of the Shakespeare Jubilee of 1769.' 3. 'Accounts of the Sale of Shakespeare's House in 1847, of the subsequent Purchases made by the Public at Stratford-on-Avon, and of the Perkins Folio Controversy.'

[Bale, vi. 58; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. 218219.] G. S. B. DANIEL, JOHN (1745-1823), the last president of the English college, Douay, was son of Edward Daniel of Durton, Lancashire. He received his education in a school at Fernyhalgh, and thence proceeded to Douay College, where he was ordained priest. From 1778 until the outbreak of the French revolution he taught philosophy and divinity in the college. When Edward Kitchen resigned the presidency in 1792 Daniel courageously accepted the post, and he and the senior professors and students were conveyed as prisoners, first to Arras, and next to the citadel of Dourlens, where they were detained till 27 Nov. 1794. Then they were all removed to the Irish college at Douay, and in the following year they obtained permission to return to England. Daniel joined the refugees from the English college, who had been collected at Crook Hall, near Durham, and was installed as president of the transplanted establishment, now Ushaw College. He retained, however, the title of president of Douay College, and took up his residence in the seminary of St. Gregory at Paris, in order to watch over the concerns of the suppressed college, and to prevent if possible the entire loss of the property belonging to it. After the peace of 1815 all British subjects who had lost property by the revolution claimed compensation from the French government, which eventually paid nearly 500,000l. to the English commissioners. The claims of the catholic religious establishments, however, were not admitted, although the money which had been transmitted for the purpose of compensating them for their losses was never returned to France. Sir James Mackintosh, one of the counsel retained by the catholic prelates, was disposed to bring the matter before the House of Commons, but it was feared that his doing so would injure the cause of