ending upon the river, where it goes out of the town, on the left of the Water-gate, towards the North-west, from whence he began his course. In King Charles the Second's covered way and glacis: the covered way reformed to an ordinary breadth; the glacis double-tenailled, or double-angled all around; both cut in some places, on the left of the Water-gate, towards the North-west, at the point of King Philip the Second's second bastion, towards the South-east, on the left of the Hayon-gate, towards the South, on the right of Arch-duke Albert's bastion, towards the South-west, and intirely destroyed in one place, on the right and left of the Havre-gate, towards the South and South-east, for the sake of the passage of the river, into and out of the town, and of a communication of water, between the ditches and lakes about the town. In Duke Charles the Warrior's Ditch: three half-moons, consecutively, in the distance between the Water-gate, and the Castle-gate, towards the North; a large voluminous horn-work, with a tenaille, and a ravelin, before it, in the room of King Charles's swallow-tail, in the middle of the distance between the Castle-gate and the Park-gate, towards the North-east, where a canal from the north enters the ditch, and where the ground begins to rise, and, consequently, the town to be more attackable; a grand complex fortification, of three large hornworks, with their accompaniments, one without another, the first having a tenaille before it, the second a tenaille, a ravelin, a cut-work, and a quarter-moon, the third a tenaille, and a ravelin, the whole running out, from between the Park-gate and the Nimy-gate, a good way into the country, towards the East, where a canal from the East enters the ditch, and where the ground rises most, and, consequently, the town is most attackable; Duke Charles's ditch ending, and the lake beginning, immediately after the three horn-works, in the Apostles Lake, a cutwork, and a quarter-moon, consecutively, in the room of King Charles's two ravelins and half-moon, before the Nimy-gate, likewise towards the East, where the ground falls low again, and, consequently, is less attackable; a half-moon, on the left of the Havre-gate, towards the South-east; Duke Charles's fort, as well as King Charles's hornwork, remaining before the Havre-gate, the first serving as a work of communication thorough the lake to the last, and consequently, dividing the lake into two; a small ravelin, before the horn-work, on the other side the lake, before the Havre-gate, towards the South, the single tenaille and double tenaille of King Charles, there, being converted into a covered way and glacis, tenailled, and surrounded with a moat; in Priests Lake a ravelin in the middle of the distance, between the Havregate and the Haydon-gate, likewise towards the South; the lake ending on the one side, the river from the South entering the town, and Duke Charles's ditch beginning again, on the other side, another grand fortification, of a large horn-work, a ravelin, a double tenaille, and another horn-work, one without another, running out, from the right of the Hayon-gate, into the country, towards the South-west, where the ground rises a little along the river-side, and, consequently, is somewhat attackable; a ravelin on the right of the Hayon-gate, likewise towards the South-west; a half-moon on the right of Arch-duke Albert's bastion,

likewise towards the South-west; a horn-work, with a small ravelin before it, in the room of that odd unaccountable fortification of King Charles's, an irregular horn-work, a counter-swallow-tail, with two little ravelins, and a quarter-moon lying between, by means of which, the French easily took the town, before the Bartemont-gate, towards the West, where, likewise, the ground rising a little, the town is somewhat attackable; two ravelins, and a half-moon, consecutively, in the distance between the right of the Bartemont-gate, and the Water-gate, where the river goes out of the town, towards the North-west, where he began his course. In the ground, between Duke Charles's ditch, and King Charles's third one, a new covered way and glacis, regular, and tenailled; reigning round the town on all sides, except where the lake is, there being no need for it on those sides, by reason of the lake's being sufficiently broad to guard the works there; cut in some places, on the left of the Water-gate, towards the North-west, before the large horn-work, in the middle, between the Castle-gate, and the Park-gate, towards the North-east, on the right of the three horn-works, between the Park-gate and the Nimy-gate, towards the East, on the left of the outermost horn-work, on the right of the Hayon-gate, towards the South-west; and intirely wanting in one place, on the right and left of the Havre-gate, towards the South and South-east, for the sake of the passage of the river, into, and out of the town, of the enterance of two canals, from the North, and from the East, into the ditches, and of a communication of water between the ditches and the two lakes, about the town. As for King Charles's ditch, he destroyed it, and, instead of it, converted the ground immediately, without the outer glacis, into a grand explanade, reigning for a great way off, all about the town, which he fortified with redoubts, upon the avenues to the place, as follows: Without the Water-gate, towards the North-west, on the right of the river, a ravelin, in a moat, joined to Duke Charles's ditch with a traverse of water; and, beyond it, a lozenge, likewise moated, on the river-side, further into the country; in the middle of the distance, between the Water-gate and the Castle-gate, towards the North, a ravelin, ⚫ moated, and joined to Duke Charles's ditch, with a travese, as before; without the Castle-gate, likewise, towards the North, on the left of the canal that comes from thence, a lozenge moated, as before; beyond it, further into the country, another of the same, and the village of Espinlien, on the other side the canal, inclosed with a horn-work; in the middle of the distance, between the Park-gate and the Nimy-gate, towards the North-east, a ravelin, moated, and joined with a traverse, as before; without the Hayon-gate, towards the South, on the right of the river, upon the water-side, the mill of St. Peter's, inclosed with an irregular fort, being a polygon, on both sides the river, with a small ravelin before it, on the right; in the distance between the Hayon-gate and the Bartemont-gate, towards the South and South-west, two ravelins, moated, and joined, as before, consecutively, one after another; in the distance between the Bartemont-gate, and the Water-gate, towards the West and North-west, three ravelins, consecutively, moated, and joined, each of them, as before. He also disposed of the waters about

the town so, as, by the means of canals, to make them run into the ditches; and, by the means of sluices, to make them run or not run, as he had a mind, and run which way he would: Especially, he made two complications of canals, the one near the village of Espinlien, towards the North; the other, over-against St. Peter's Mill, towards the South, which equally contribute to drain the ground, and to defend the town on those sides. Last of all, he built a citadel within the town, being a demi-hexagon, adjoining to the rampart, on the inside, at the saillant angles, in the middle of the distance, between the Bartemont-gate and the Water-gate, towards the West; which, because it is inconsiderable, and of no consequence, upon the double account of its low situation, and weak defence, both lying in a plain, and having nothing but an explanade about it, with a small ravelin before the mid-courtine, towards the town, I shall supersede any further description of it.

What kind of works these outworks of King Lewis's were, we can very well tell; for they are still on foot and intire; and I have seen and observed them both very exactly, and very lately. They are built all of earth, revested and incrusted with stone and brick, intermixed; having their dimensions in proportion to the rampart, as well as to one another; terminated with platforms, guarded with parapets and banquets, suitable to the rest of the fortification; planted in the ditches, at regular distances; surrounded with an abundance of water, and joined to the scarps and counter-scarps, as well as to one another, with timber bridges, some of which are draw-ones, and some fixed.

That was the condition of Mons, as King Lewis the Fourteenth of France finished it; and this is the compleat and right length its fortifications came, in the time that he first had it; by the means of which, and of its situation, it was certainly then become, both naturally and artificially, one of the strongest and most impregnable towns in the world: And it continues to be so to this day.

King Lewis kept it, that first time, till the year of our Lord 1697, when a general peace being concluded at Ryswick, between himself and the princes in confederacy against him, by the seventh article of that treaty, he was obliged to restore it to King Charles.

It continued again in the hands of the Spaniards, till the year of our Lord 1701, when, King Charles the Second being dead, and having constituted, by a testament*, Philip, Duke of Anjou, King Lewis's grandson, and his own grand-nephew, his heir and successor, by vertue of that claim to the monarchy of Spain, King Lewis seized upon the town of Mons, among others, for Duke Philip, and keeps it now a second time, for him, to this day. But, the war breaking immediately out again, upon that ground of the Spanish succession, and being just now on foot, between Charles the Third, present King of Spain, cousin and successor to the former, and King Lewis of France, with Duke Philip of Anjou, who pretends likewise to be King of Spain, and King Charles being powerfully assisted by his allies, the emperor, the Queen of Great Britain, and the States-general of the United provinces, in the

Forged. See the succession of the House of Austria to the Crown of Spain, Anno 1701. Vol. X.

113

pursuit and recovery of his right, they are like to drive his enemies, King Lewis, and Duke Philip, out of his territories, by a sharp and victorious war, and oblige them to quit their pretensions, by a sure and lasting peace. Last year, they luckily got Lisle from them; this year, they easily took Tournay; very lately, they bravely fought them at the battle of Arquennes; and just now, they are closely besieging Mons: But, whether or not they will have it, at this time, is doubtful.

In fine, this is the condition of Mons, as King Lewis of France now has it, and that the compleat and right length its buildings and fortifications are come, at this time, as it was founded by Prince Alberon of France, refounded by St. Waltrud, Countess of Hainault, built by Earl Alberick of Hainault, rebuilt by Earl Baldwin the Third, further rebuilt by Earl Baldwin the Builder, and has been fortified by Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy, further fortified by Duke Charles the Warrior, amended by King Philip the the Second of Spain, further amended by Archduke Albert of Austria, compleated by King Philip the Fourth of Spain, further compleated by King Charles the Second, and finished by King Lewis the Fourteenth of France.

It is of an oblong, round, or parabolick figure, lying cross the river, on both sides, and stretching itself from East to West, the river running from South to North. It has in length, taking it, from the Nimy-gate on the East-side, to the Bartemont-gate on the West, just two thousand common paces, that is, a thousand geometrical paces, or two third parts of a British mile; in breadth, reckoning. from the Castle-gate on the North side, to the Hayon-gate on the South, it is fifteen hundred common paces, or seven-hundred and fifty geometrical paces, or half a British mile; and in circumference, going round within, on the inside the rampart, there are exactly six thousand common paces, that is, three-thousand geometrical paces, or two British miles; but measuring it without, on the outside the outer ditch and lake, we found it to be as good as fifteen thousand common paces, or seven thousand and five hundred geometrical paces, or five British miles,

VOL. XI.

ין

THE

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF TOURNAY:

FIRST WRITTEN IN FRENCH,

FOR THE

SERVICE OF PRINCE EUGENE OF SAVOY,

And sent inclosed in a letter to him, when he marched to besiege Tournay. NOW DONE A SECOND TIME IN ENGLISH,

FOR THE

SATISFACTION OF OUR BRITISH GENTLEMEN AND OFFICERS,

By John Mack Gregory, L L. L.

PROFESSOR OF GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY.

To which is prefixed, as an Epistle Dedicatory, the Author's Letter to Prince Eugene, Printed at Edinburgh, 1709. Quarto, containing forty-four pages.

To his Highness Prince Francis Eugene of Savoy, in the army about Tournay. Edinburgh, the Ninth of July, 1709.

Sir, THIS is only to accompany the inclosed, and it is the fourth I have writ to your highness, since I had the honour of one from you.

The first was from London, January 1704, concerning my own private affairs. The second was from Edinburgh, August 1708, after a long silence, having inclosed an account of the situation and fortification of Lisle. The third was likewise from Edinburgh, December the same year, concerning my own private affairs.

This present has inclosed an account of the situation and fortification of Tournay; I should be glad to know, that your highness is pleased to take all my little services in good part. I am.

TOUR

Sir, Your highness's most humble,

Most obliged, and most devoted servant,

MACK GREGORY,

OURNAY is a great town, the second city of Walloon Flanders, and the principal place of residence of the parliament of that part of these countries, which, because it was some time ago conquered by the